Scientific Style

The Scientific prose style
in the aspect of translation

Lecturer Zhaparova Ainur Adilbekovna
Plan
 The aim and functions of the Scientific prose style

 The genres of scientific works
 The Scientific Prose substyles
 Scientific prose style characteristics
 Scientific translation
The aim of the Scientific prose style
 to prove a hypothesis,
 to create new concepts,
 to disclose the internal laws of existence, development, or relations
between different phenomena.
The main function of the scientific prose
style
 to provide factual and precise information,
which must be clear, concise, unambiguous
and explicit.
 The target audience is a relatively small group
of professionals who are well acquainted with
the issue in question.
The genres of scientific works
 the written form of language
 the oral form

The Scientific Prose substyles
 a) exact sciences;
 b) humanitarian sciences;
 c) popular- science prose;
Scientific prose style characteristics
 The tone of the scientific text should be formal,

impersonal and objective.
 Only standard variety of language is used.
 The whole text is predominantly written in the third
person.
 The use of special terminology which does not admit of
polysemy or of figurative meanings, of emotional
connotations
The features of scientific style
 impersonality and generalized form of expression;

 logical sequence of utterances;
 most developed system of connectives;
 accepted sentence-patterns: postulatory,
argumentative, and formulative;
 use of quotations and references;
 use of footnotes both of the reference kind.
Lexical features of scientific style
 objective, precise, and mostly

unemotional language means;
 words used in primary logical meaning;
 use of terms and learned words
Vocabulary includes three main layers:
general scientific and highly specialized terms
 research,  syntax,
common words  experimental,  molecule,
 analyze,  lethal outcome,

 knowledge,  formulate,  interference,
 remote,  etc.
 work,  unprecedented,
 etc.
 one hundred,
 study,
 at first,
The most frequent words of this style
comprises the following units:
 a) prepositions
 b) prepositional phrases
 c) conjunctional phrases
 d) pronouns
 e) notional words
The syntax of scientific style
 the use of complete (non-elliptical) sentences

 the use of extended complex and compound sentences without omission of
conjunctions,
 the use of bookish syntactic constructions, such as complexes with non-
finite forms of the verb;
 the use of extended attributive phrases, often with a number of nouns used
as attributes to the following head-noun (Noun + Noun construction).
Noun + Noun constructions:
 the sea level, the time and space relativity theory,

the World peace conference, a high level consensus, the greenhouse
effect, carbon dioxide emissions, fossil fuel burning, deforestation
problems.
Passive Voice constructions
 Water is not the sole variety of substance from which oxygen can
be obtained.
 Methane is produced by leaks from gas pipelines.
Bookish syntactic structures:
The compound type of predicate:

 These gases are easy to control but they are persistent once emitted,
 Deforestation is probably even harder to change.
The use of abstract nouns, gerundial, participial or infinitive phrases and
complexes instead of the much simpler clauses with conjunctions;
 Apart from this, controlling emissions of greenhouse gases would require
huge increase in energy efficiency
 Special emphatic constructions to lay a logical stress on
some part of the sentence
 It is not solely from water that oxygen is to be obtained
 impersonal passive constructions
 It should be pointed out that…, it has been found that…, it
has previously been shown that….
 causative constructions
 This makes the problem easy, this renders the metal hard, safety
valves allow the metal to cool slowly
 formulas
 It is necessary, essential to do sth; it is likely, evident, obvious that; it
is/has been/can be proven/shown/realized
 connectors
 Thus, however, furthermore, in fact, in short, in general, in this way,
in other words
Scientific translation
 the act of translating documents such

as research, academic articles, the
results of clinical trials, and more –
any document on a scientific subject –
into another language. Most scientific
documents feature complex terminology.
TOP SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATION
TECHNIQUES
 1. BE CLEAR AND CONCISE

 2. KEEP AN EYE ON THE MISTAKES IN THE
ORIGINAL TEXT
 3. PLAY WITH STRUCTURE AND MEANING
 4. BE AN AVID READER
 5. PAY ATTENTION TO NUMBERS AND SYMBOLS
 6. ALWAYS PROOFREAD YOUR TRANSLATION
 7. ADAPT YOUR STYLE TO THE TYPE OF DOCUMENT
A good scientific translator has to meet the following
requirements:
 fidelity to the original

 Coverage
 perfect command of the languages involved
 subject knowledge
 mastery of the relevant terminology
 preservation of the stylistic register
Task 1. Prove that the text belong to scientific style by indicating its style
forming featurs
Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world’s most powerful particle accelerator.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was constructed by the European Organization
for Nuclear Research (CERN) in the same 27-km (17-mile) tunnel that housed
its Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP). The tunnel is circular and is located 50–
175 metres (165–575 feet) belowground on the border between France
and Switzerland. The LHC ran its first test operation on September 10, 2008. An
electrical problem in a cooling system on September 18 resulted in a temperature
increase of about 100 °C (180 °F) in the magnets, which are meant to operate at
temperatures near absolute zero (−273.15 °C, or −459.67 °F). Early estimates that
the LHC would be quickly fixed soon turned out to be overly optimistic. It restarted
on November 20, 2009. Shortly thereafter, on November 30, it supplanted
the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory’s Tevatron as the most powerful particle
accelerator when it boosted protons to energies of 1.18 teraelectron volts (TeV; 1 ×
1012 electron volts).
Translate from Kazakh into English.
Стилистика ғылым ретінде тіл білімімен тығыз байланысты, сондықтан
да стильдерге сараланады, олардың айырым белгілері дараланып, ұқсас
жақтары болса, оның себебі түсіндіріледі. Стилистика тілмен байланысты
ғылым болғандықтан, сөйлеу тілі, әдеби жазба тілі, оның әрбір
салаларындағы стильдерін қамтиды. Әдеби жазба тіл стильдерінің өзі
ресми іс қағаздар стилі, ғылыми стиль, публицистика (газет-журналдар,
телевизор, радио хабарлары) стилі, көркем шығарма стилі болып бөлінеді.
Стилистика, сөйлеу тілі, жазба тілмен тығыз байланысты болғандықтан,
қарым-қатынас, хабарлау, әсер ету құралдары болып табылатын тілдік
элементтердің (дыбыс, сөз, сөз тіркестері, екпін, интонация, т.б.) сөйлеу,
жазба барысындағы белгілі бір әдеби нормаға сай дұрыс та әсерлі
қолданылуын, көңілдегі көрікті ойдың тіл арқылы айқын да анық
жеткізілуін, эмоционалды-экспрессивтік мәні бар амал-тәсілдері орынды,
тиімді болу жақтарын мақсат етеді.
Translate from Russian into English.
Религиозный дискурс выступает актуальным объектом исследования в силу того,

что в последние десятилетия возникла необходимость изучения структурной
специфики данного вида дискурса, изучения особенностей его концептосферы с
целью определения способов вхождения его элементов в лексическую, когнитивную
и прагматическую структуры языковой личности — носителя естественного языка.
Значимость религиозного дискурса определяется его способностью задавать
ценностные ориентиры поведения человека, основанные на вере в бога и разумное
устройство мира.
Современное бытование религиозного дискурса в обществе приводит к тому, что
набдюдается процесс его дополнения периферийными жанрами, ситуациями и
форматами неритуализованного религиозного дискурса, который может сочетать в
себе признаки массмедийного, педагогического, политического, публицистического,
медицинского, бытового и т. д. дискурсов.
Scientific style quiz
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The Scientific prose style

in the aspect of translation

 The aim and functions of the Scientific prose style

 the written form of language

 the oral form

 The tone of the scientific text should be formal,

 impersonality and generalized form of expression;

 objective, precise, and mostly

general scientific and highly specialized terms

common words  experimental,  molecule,

 analyze,  lethal outcome,

 the use of complete (non-elliptical) sentences

 the sea level, the time and space relativity theory,

The compound type of predicate:

 the act of translating documents such

 1. BE CLEAR AND CONCISE

 fidelity to the original

Религиозный дискурс выступает актуальным объектом исследования в силу того,

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