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    Abd Al Jabbar

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    1) Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar criticizes the Christian doctrine of Trinity in his work Kitab al-Mughni fi Abwab al-Tawhid wa al-’Adl. He argues that the doctrine of three hypostases that are one substance is illogical and invalid. 2) He provides rational and theological arguments against the doctrine, such as that it implies three gods or an endless chain of beings participating in God's eternity. The Quran also denies claims of sons of God or that angels are daughters of God. 3) Proper translation between languages requires understanding what can and cannot be said about God to avoid misunderstandings

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    Abd Al Jabbar

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    1) Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar criticizes the Christian doctrine of Trinity in his work Kitab al-Mughni fi Abwab al-Tawhid wa al-’Adl. He argues that the doctrine of three hypostases that are one substance is illogical and invalid. 2) He provides rational and theological arguments against the doctrine, such as that it implies three gods or an endless chain of beings participating in God's eternity. The Quran also denies claims of sons of God or that angels are daughters of God. 3) Proper translation between languages requires understanding what can and cannot be said about God to avoid misunderstandings

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    1) Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar criticizes the Christian doctrine of Trinity in his work Kitab al-Mughni fi Abwab al-Tawhid wa al-’Adl. He argues that the doctrine of three hypostases that are one substance is illogical and invalid. 2) He provides rational and theological arguments against the doctrine, such as that it implies three gods or an endless chain of beings participating in God's eternity. The Quran also denies claims of sons of God or that angels are daughters of God. 3) Proper translation between languages requires understanding what can and cannot be said about God to avoid misunderstandings

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    23 views8 pages

    Abd Al Jabbar

    Uploaded by

    khaleeda
    1) Al-Qadi Abd al-Jabbar criticizes the Christian doctrine of Trinity in his work Kitab al-Mughni fi Abwab al-Tawhid wa al-’Adl. He argues that the doctrine of three hypostases that are one substance is illogical and invalid. 2) He provides rational and theological arguments against the doctrine, such as that it implies three gods or an endless chain of beings participating in God's eternity. The Quran also denies claims of sons of God or that angels are daughters of God. 3) Proper translation between languages requires understanding what can and cannot be said about God to avoid misunderstandings

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    MUSLIM SCHOLARSHIP IN COMPARATIVE RELIGION (RKUD 7220)

    Al-QADI ABD AL-JABBAR


    View and Criticism on Christianity in Kitab al-Mughni fi Abwab al-
    Tawhid wa al-’Adl (Volume 5):

    The Invalidity of the Doctrine of Trinity

    Prepared by Khaleeda Zahri (G1922286) Lecturer: Asst. Prof. Dr. Majdan Alias
    Jacobites

    Father
    (Eternal, living
    and speaking)
    • Substance and hypostases
    • Word (Kalima)
    Creator Deity
    Son • The nature of Christ
    (1 substance of 3 Nestorians
    hypostases) (Word) • The Union
    • The crucifixion and death
    • The worship of Christ
    Spirit
    (Life)

    Melkites

    Agreed Disagreed
    THE INVALIDITY OF THE DOCTRINE OF TRINITY

    REASON

    “… the proven fact that Eternal God is one 3 Gods: “… our earlier scholars forced upon
    without there being any other with Him in them (Christians) the view that every one of the
    reality, is what proves the invalidity of the hypostases is a deity because since the Son and
    doctrine” the Spirit participate with the Father in eternity,
    what requires His existence as a deity requires
    Endless chain: “… the fact that anything which their existence as two deities”
    participates with God as being eternal, would
    not be able to characterize its entity (essence)
    by anything which would differentiate it from Illogical doctrine: “… three being one and one
    the other, refutes their doctrine” being three are illogical in reality”
    To be the same and different at the same time 2 substances: “it is required that the hypostases
    is impossible: should be a substance because, according to
    “They cannot say that they (the hypostases) are them it is not correct to affirm that that which is
    the same in the subsisting entities and different not a substance can exist by itself. Therefore,
    in those attributes which do not refer to the they must say that the hypostases are the
    subsisting entities, but rather refer to those substance, and the substance is another
    elements entitle them to an attribute” substance ”

    “How is it possible to say that the substance is Son is the Word: “… since the word is not
    different from them, while the hypostases are separated from the speaker according to them,
    not different from the (substance). And how why should it be more appropriate for it (word)
    could it be reasonable?” to be a Son rather than a Father”

    4 instead of 3: “if the hypostases are three, and “Those of them who argue: I mean by my
    they made the substance different from them, saying "one substance" that He is one in
    then they need to affirm the fourth one. In this absolute description and my saying "three
    way they have abandoned their doctrine” hypostases" means that He is characterized by
    His being eternal, living and speaking”
    “Our venerable scholars explained that sonship
    cannot be applied in reality except to who is begotten
    by him on the basis of reason”

    Christ as the son of God:


    • Out of God distinguished Him and created him
    without a father.
    • A different upbringing of Christ than others.
    • A decision of God who ordered them to name by it
    (Son of God) and God should be worshipped
    through Christ.
    • As God adopted him out of mercy insofar as
    nobody could look after him.
    THE INVALIDITY OF THE DOCTRINE OF TRINITY

    QURANIC VERSES

    • God had denied the claims made by the Christians and Jews in al-Quran:

    The Jews and the Christians each say, “We are the children of Allah and His most beloved!” Say, (O Prophet), “Why then
    does He punish you for your sins? No! You are only humans like others of His Own making. He forgives whoever He wills
    and punishes whoever He wills.
    -Quran 5:18-

    • God even denied the doctrine of the Jahiliya people when they said the angels are the daughters of God:

    Then, has your Lord chosen you for [having] sons and taken [i.e., adopted] from among the angels daughters? Indeed,
    you say a grave saying.
    -Quran 17:40-
    “… we maintain that whoever is going to translate one language to another must be
    well-versed about what is possible to say about God and what is impossible from the aspect of reason. He must be fully
    aware about their real meaning and metaphorical usage because one word sometimes is used in its literal meaning for
    one thing and as a metaphor for another, and he must know what may be put in their place in the second language
    which may be used in its real meaning, not in metaphor”

    ‫ۡي‬ ‫َفِاَذا َّوۡي ه َف ۡخ ِفۡي ِه ِم ۡن ُّرۡو ِح ۡى َق ۡو ا َله ٰس ِج ِد‬


    ‫َن‬ ‫َف ُع‬ ‫َس ُت َو َن ُت‬
    When I form him perfect, and blow in him of My spirit, then you must fall down before him in prostration.
    -Quran 15:29-

    ‫ٓا‬ ‫َّي‬ ‫ۡن‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ٰل‬ ‫ه‬‫ِر‬ ‫ۡم‬


    ‫َا‬ ‫ۡن‬ ‫ِم‬ ‫ِح‬ ‫ۡو‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫ِئ‬ ‫ٰۤل‬ ‫ۡل‬
    ‫فُيَنِّزُل ا َم َة ُّر‬
    ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫َك‬ ‫ـ‬
    ‫َع َم َش ُء‬
    He sends down the angels at His behest with the spirit, (that is, the revelation), upon whom He wills from among His
    servants.
    -Quran 16:2-
    CONCLUSION

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