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    VIII 13 Sound

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    Balaji Shanmugam
    1) Sound is produced by vibrating objects like bells, drums, and stretched rubber bands. Musical instruments also produce sound through vibrating parts like strings, membranes, and air columns. 2) In humans, sound is produced when air vibrates the vocal cords in the voice box. Sound requires a medium like solids, liquids, or gases to propagate and cannot travel through a vacuum. 3) We hear sound when it enters the ear canal and makes the eardrum vibrate, sending signals to the brain. The loudness and pitch of a sound depend on the amplitude and frequency of vibrations.

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    VIII 13 Sound

    Uploaded by

    Balaji Shanmugam
    76 views16 pages
    1) Sound is produced by vibrating objects like bells, drums, and stretched rubber bands. Musical instruments also produce sound through vibrating parts like strings, membranes, and air columns. 2) In humans, sound is produced when air vibrates the vocal cords in the voice box. Sound requires a medium like solids, liquids, or gases to propagate and cannot travel through a vacuum. 3) We hear sound when it enters the ear canal and makes the eardrum vibrate, sending signals to the brain. The loudness and pitch of a sound depend on the amplitude and frequency of vibrations.

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    VIII-13-Sound

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    1) Sound is produced by vibrating objects like bells, drums, and stretched rubber bands. Musical instruments also produce sound through vibrating parts like strings, membranes, and air columns. 2) In humans, sound is produced when air vibrates the vocal cords in the voice box. Sound requires a medium like solids, liquids, or gases to propagate and cannot travel through a vacuum. 3) We hear sound when it enters the ear canal and makes the eardrum vibrate, sending signals to the brain. The loudness and pitch of a sound depend on the amplitude and frequency of vibrations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    76 views16 pages

    VIII 13 Sound

    Uploaded by

    Balaji Shanmugam
    1) Sound is produced by vibrating objects like bells, drums, and stretched rubber bands. Musical instruments also produce sound through vibrating parts like strings, membranes, and air columns. 2) In humans, sound is produced when air vibrates the vocal cords in the voice box. Sound requires a medium like solids, liquids, or gases to propagate and cannot travel through a vacuum. 3) We hear sound when it enters the ear canal and makes the eardrum vibrate, sending signals to the brain. The loudness and pitch of a sound depend on the amplitude and frequency of vibrations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    CHAPTER - 13

    SOUND

    CLASS :- VIII
    SUBJECT :- SCIENCE
    Musical instruments
    1) Sound :-
    Sound plays an important part in our daily lives. It helps us to
    communicate with each other. We hear a wide variety of sounds in our
    surroundings.
    Sound is produced by a vibrating body. Vibration is the to and fro or
    back and forth motion of an object.
    Eg :- If you strike a school bell, it vibrates and produces sound.
    If you pluck a stretched rubber band, it vibrates and produces
    sound.
    If you beat a drum, its stretched membrane vibrates and produces
    sound.
    If you blow a bugle, the air column vibrates and produces sound.
    2) Musical instruments and their vibrating parts :-
    Sl.No. Musical Vibrating part producing sound
    instrument
    1 Veena Stretched string

    2 Sitar Stretched string

    3 Violin Stretched string

    4 Tabala Stretched membrane

    5 Mridangam Stretched membrane

    6 Drum Stretched membrane

    7 Shehnai Air column

    8 Flute Air column

    9 Mouth organ Air column


    Some musical instruments produce sound when they are
    beaten or struck.
    Eg:- bell, ghatam, manjira, jaltarang etc.
    3) Sound produced by humans:-
    In humans sound is produced by the vioce box or larynx. It is the
    upper part of the wind pipe. Two vocal cords are stretched across the
    voice box leaving a narrow slit. When the lungs force air through the
    slit, it vibrates and produce sound.
    4) Sound requires a medium to propagate :-
    Sound travels through solids, liquids and gases. Sound does not
    travel in vacuum.
    Eg :- Sound travels through the solid thread of a can telephone.
    A whale listens to the reflected sound (echo) in water to locate

    its prey.
    We are able to listen to sounds because sound travels in air.
    (a mixture of gases)
    5) How we hear sound through our ears :-
    Sound enters the ear through the ear canal. It makes the eardrum to
    vibrate. The ear drum sends the vibrations to the inner ear. From there
    the signals go to the brain and then we hear the sound.
    6) Amplitude, Time period and Frequency of Vibration:-
    Vibration is the to and fro motion of an object. It is also called oscillatory
    motion.

    Motion of a simple pendulum

    A B
    O

    i) The maximum displacement of an oscillating body from its central


    position is called its amplitude. (OB or OA)
    ii) The motion of the pendulum from one extreme position to the other extreme
    position and back is called an oscillation. (A to B and back to A)
    iii) The time taken for one oscillation is called time period.
    iv) The number of oscillations per second is called frequency. The unit of
    frequency is hertz (Hz).
    7) Loudness and Pitch of sound :-
    i) The loudness of sound depends upon the amplitude of vibration.
    If the amplitude is less the sound is feeble.
    If the amplitude is more the sound is loud.
    The unit of loudness is called decibel (dB).
    ii) The pitch of sound depends upon the frequency of vibration.
    If the frequency is less the sound has low pitch. Eg :- sound of a
    drum, sound of an adult etc.
    If the frequency is more the sound has a high pitch. Eg :- sound of
    a whistle, sound of a baby etc.
    8) Audible and inaudible sound :-
    i) Audible sound is sound which we can hear. It has frequencies
    between 20 Hz and 20000 Hz. (Between 20 and 20000 vibrations per
    second).
    ii) Inaudible sound is sound which we cannot hear. It has
    frequencies less than 20Hz and more than 20000 Hz. (Less than 20
    vibrations per second and more than 20000 vibrations per second)
    Sound whose frequencies are more than 20000 Hz is called ultrasonic
    sound. Some animals like dogs can hear ultrasonic sound. Bats
    produce ultrasonic sound.
    8) Noise and Musical sound :-
    i) Noise :- Unpleasant sounds are called noise. It is produced by
    irregular vibrations.
    Eg :- If all the students in a classroom speak together, a noise is
    produced.
    Sounds produced by horns of busses and trucks.
    ii) Musical sound :- Sound which is pleasing to the ears is called
    musical sound. It is produced by regular vibrations.
    Eg :- Sounds produced by musical instruments.
    Sound of a person singing a song.

    Nightingale
    9) Noise pollution :-
    The presence of excessive or unwanted sound in the environment is
    called noise pollution.
    a) Causes of noise pollution :-
    Noise pollution is caused by sounds of vehicles, explosions
    including bursting of crackers, machines, loudspeakers etc. In the
    home noise pollution is caused by television radio and music systems
    at high volume, some kitchen appliances, desert coolers, air
    conditioners etc.
    b) Harmful effects of noise pollution :-
    Noise pollution causes several health related problems like lack of
    sleep, hypertension, high blood pressure, anxiety etc. A person
    exposed to loud sound continuously may get temporary or permanent
    impairment of hearing.
    c) Measures to limit noise pollution :-
    Noise pollution can be reduced by using silencers in vehicles,
    industrial machines, and home appliances reducing use of vehicle
    horns, running TV, radio and music systems at low volumes. Planting of
    trees along roads and buildings also help to reduce noise pollution.

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