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MUSIC QUARTER 2 – MODULE
1: AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN
AND POPULAR MUSIC
1.WHAT ARE YOUR
IMPRESSIONS ABOUT
AFRICAN MUSIC?
2. CAN YOU NAME SOME
INSTRUMENTS THAT YOU CAN
HEAR FROM THE SONGS?
3. WHAT CAN YOU SAY ABOUT
THE VOCAL PRODUCTIONS OF
AFRICAN SINGERS?
“Music is the greatest unifier, an incredible
force. Something that people who differ on
everything and anything else can have in
common.” – Sarah Dessen, Just Listen.
United States: Viking, 2006.
This quote speaks of the way Africans consider
music because they believe that music serves as
a link of the actual world with that of the spiritual
world. Music is indeed a vital part of everyday
life in Africa. You will get to know more about it
as you continue your journey through the Afro-
Latin American Music and how it has developed
into the music of the dances we now enjoy. Let
us discover different types of indigenous music
and instruments and observe their distinct
characteristics and styles. Are you ready to
explore the music of Africa and Latin America?
1. What are your impressions about African
music?
2. Can you name some instruments that you

can hear from the songs?
3. What can you say about the vocal

productions of African singers?
You might know the continent of Africa as a
place with jungles, deserts, wild animals, and is
blazingly hot but this area of the planet is one of
the oldest in history. The first known species of
man was excavated from this region. Its music is
also one of the earliest in time. Music has been
a vital part of the lives of Africans. It was
primarily performed during rituals in the
monumental parts of their lives like birth,
marriage, death, and war. Music was usually
performed with dancing as a part of gatherings
African music is one of the most influential
styles of music in the world. It has greatly
influenced the music of Contemporary
America, Latin America and European music.
Its highly energetic and rhythmically
challenging beats are quite universal. Jazz,
Gospel and Spiritual, and Rhythm and Blues
(RnB) are genres of music that have deep
roots to African music.
The music of Africa is the product of
the diverse history, topography, and
unique musical heritage of more than
50 countries. It is the result of the
fusion of traditional and European
influences which was a result of the
colonization of Europe to most of the
continent until the 19th Century
TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA
African traditional music is mainly

functional in nature which is used
primarily in ceremonial rites, such as
birth, death, marriage, succession,
worship, and spirit invocations. Others are
work related or social in nature, while
many traditional societies view their
music as a form of entertainment.
Some Types of African Music
1. Afrobeat – It is a term used to describe the fusion of

West African with Black American music.
2. 2. Apala (Akpala) - It is a musical genre from Nigeria
in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers
after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of
Ramadan.
3. 3. Axe - It is a popular musical genre from Salvador,
Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro-Caribbean styles
of marcha, reggae, and calypso.
4. Jit - It is a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music
played on drums with guitar accompaniment influenced by
mbira-based guitar styles.
5. Jive - It is a popular form of South African music featuring a

lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing
dance.
6. Juju - It is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the

traditional Yoruba rhythms. A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel
guitar, and accordion are used along with the traditional dun-
dun (talking drum or squeeze drum).
7. Kwassa Kwassa – It is a music style that
begun in Zaire in the late 1980s
popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this
dance style, the hips move back and forth
while the arms move following the hips.
8. Marabi – It is a South African three-chord

township music of the 1930s-1960s which
evolved into African Jazz. It is
characterized by simple chords in varying
VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC
1. Maracatu – It is the combination of strong

rhythms of African percussion instruments and
Portuguese melodies. This form of music is being
paraded along the streets by up to 100
participants.
2. Blues – It is one of the most widely performed

musical forms of the late 19th century. The
melodies of blues are expressive and soulful. The
slaves and their descendants used to sing these
3. Soul – It is a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s which originated
in
the African-American community throughout the United States. It combines
elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz
4. Spiritual – It originated in the Unites States and created by African-

American
slaves. It is also known as “Negro Spiritual”. It became a means of imparting
Christian values and a way of venting their hardships as slaves.
5. Call and Response – It is likened to a question and answer sequence in

human
communication. The slaves used to sing these songs while simultaneously
doing
all their tasks in a day.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF AFRICA
African music has a very wide range of genres. It

includes all the major
instrumental genres of western music including strings,
winds, and percussion,
along with a tremendous variety of specific African
musical instruments for solo or
ensemble playing. Get ready to learn their most popular
instruments!
Music of Latin
America
The music of Africa is truly cultural and traditional in nature.
Significantly,
the passage of time has not vanished the unique characteristics and
elements that
the Africans value in their music. You have learned earlier that music
is an integral
part of the Africans’ being because their music is highly associated
with almost
everything that they do, be it in work, in religion, in special
gatherings and other
celebrations. It can be well said that African Music connects people
thus making the
community folks more united, and more supportive toward each
other. Their music
has reached different parts of the globe as Africans who migrated to
Latin America
and other countries brought their music with them.
The music of Africa is truly cultural and traditional in nature.
Significantly,
the passage of time has not vanished the unique characteristics and
elements that
the Africans value in their music. You have learned earlier that music
is an integral
part of the Africans’ being because their music is highly associated
with almost
everything that they do, be it in work, in religion, in special
gatherings and other
celebrations. It can be well said that African Music connects people
thus making the
community folks more united, and more supportive toward each
other. Their music
has reached different parts of the globe as Africans who migrated to
Latin America
and other countries brought their music with them.
INFLUENCES ON LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
1. Indigenous Latin-American Music – The natives were found to be using

local
drum and percussion instruments. The indigenous music of Latin America
was
largely functional in nature, being used for religious worships and
ceremonies.
2. Native American/ Indian Music - The ethnic and cultural groups of the
principal
Native Americans share many similar yet distinctive music elements.
Songs had
a wide range of volume levels. Songs celebrate themes like harvest,
planting
season or other important events or occasions of the year.
3. Afro-Latin American Music - The African influence on Latin American music is
most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by drums
and various percussion instruments.
4. Euro-Latin American Music - The different regions of Latin America adopted

various characteristics from their European colonizers. Melodies of the
Renaissance period were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific
coasts.
5. Mixed American Music - The result of the massive infusion of African culture
also brought about the introduction of other music and dance forms such as the
Afro-Cuban rumba, Jamaican reggae, Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian
samba.
Popular Latin American Music
1. Samba - It is a dance form of African origin around 1838 which evolved into an
African-Brazilian invention in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro.
Its lively rhythm was meant to be executed for singing, dancing, and parading in the
carnival.
2. Son – It is a fusion of the popular music or canciones (songs) of Spain and the
African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin. Originating in Cuba, it is usually played
with the guitar, contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves. Its most important legacy
is its influence on present-day Latin American music, particularly as the forerunner
of the salsa.
3. Salsa – It is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico
that started in New York in the mid 1970s. Its style contains elements from the swing
dance and hustle as well as the complex Afro-Cuban and Afro-Caribbean dance
forms of pachanga and guaguanco.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF LATIN AMERICA
The varied cultures developed in Latin America

gave rise to different types of
wind and percussion instruments. As some
instruments were considered holy and
music was supposed to glorify the gods, mistakes in
playing these instruments were
considered offensive and insulting to them.
VOCAL AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
1. Cumbia – It is a popular African courtship dance with European and

African
instrumentation and characteristics, originating in Panama and Colombia. It
contains varying rhythmic meters.
2. Tango – It is a foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan urban popular song

and
dance and remains a 20th century nationalistic Argentinian piece of music
that
is most expressive.
3. Cha Cha – It is a ballroom dance originated in Cuba in 1953 that was

derived
from the mambo. The Cuban Cha Cha is considered more sensual because it
contains polyrhythmic patterns.

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MUSIC QUARTER 2 – MODULE

2. Can you name some instruments that you

3. What can you say about the vocal

African traditional music is mainly

1. Afrobeat – It is a term used to describe the fusion of

5. Jive - It is a popular form of South African music featuring a

6. Juju - It is a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the

8. Marabi – It is a South African three-chord

1. Maracatu – It is the combination of strong

2. Blues – It is one of the most widely performed

4. Spiritual – It originated in the Unites States and created by African-

5. Call and Response – It is likened to a question and answer sequence in

African music has a very wide range of genres. It

1. Indigenous Latin-American Music – The natives were found to be using

4. Euro-Latin American Music - The different regions of Latin America adopted

The varied cultures developed in Latin America

1. Cumbia – It is a popular African courtship dance with European and

2. Tango – It is a foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan urban popular song

3. Cha Cha – It is a ballroom dance originated in Cuba in 1953 that was

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