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Unit-2 SQC Tools

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33 views28 pages

Unit-2 SQC Tools

Uploaded by

charanteja1127
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL

Statistical Quality Control


What is Quality ?

• Is fitness for the purpose


• Is degree of customer satisfaction
• Is accuracy in meeting the specification or design
• Is degree of excellence
Quality Control
• Quality control is a systematic and scientific system involving the application of industrial and statistical techniques to
control the quality of the manufactured product.

• The various systems of quality control can be grouped into the following three classes:

1. Statistical Quality Control


2. Managerial Quality Control
3. Total Quality Control
Objectives of Quality control

1. Evaluation of quality standards of outgoing and incoming material/product.


2. Judging the conformity of the process to the established standards and taking suitable
action if any deviations are noted.
3. Extraction of optimum quality obtainable under given conditions.
4. Improvement of quality and productivity by process control/experimentation.
5. Developing procedures for good vendor–vendee relations.
6. Inculcating quality control consciousness both within and out of the organization.
Origin of SQC

• Statistical quality control was pioneered by Walter A. Shewhart in the year 1924.

• An SQC chart is a line graph that displays an ongoing picture of what is happening in a
process.

• It is a graphical representation of the variation of a process with respect to time.


Seven Tools of SQC
The following are popularly known as the seven tools of SQC:

1. Flowcharts
2. Check sheets
3. Histograms, bar charts, and pareto charts
4. Scatter diagrams
5. Control charts
6. Cause-and-effect diagrams
7. Run chart
1. Flowcharts
• These charts are used to check the operational sequence if any operation or
dimension is missing.
• The pictorial representation of flow chart is shown below.
2. Check sheets
• These are also used to check missing operations or missing dimensions.
They are useful to detect and investigate during defect analysis.

• Particularly, in production and operational areas where hazardous and


critical/costly processes are going on, check sheets must be used before
starting the process.

• For example, before taking off, the pilot checks up all the controls and
fills up the check list. Most of the inspection reports generated in the
pathological laboratories are in the form of checklist.
3. Histograms, Bar charts, and Pareto analysis
• These are graphical representations in the form of bars.
• These are used to identify the causes and analyze the defects. Various
defects or rejection (or acceptance) levels can be compared within different
periods, places, machines, etc.
4. Scatter diagrams
• These are graphical representations in the form of points or lines/curves.
• These are also used to identify the causes and analyze the defects.
• Various defects or rejection (or acceptance) levels can be compared within
different samples, periods, places, machines, etc.
5. Control Charts
• Control charts is a graph that displays an ongoing picture of what is happening
in a process.
• Classification of control charts is shown below:
Control charts (cont)
• These charts are employed to control the process.
• These charts focus on several aspects such as controlling and monitoring the
process and performance.
• Mean/median and range/standard deviation charts are used for variables,
while p-, np-, and c-charts are used for attributes.
6. Cause-and-effect diagrams
• This diagram was introduced by Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanese scientist.

• This diagram looks like a fishbone and therefore it is also called fishbone
diagram.

• This diagram is further improved and it is named as cause and-effect


diagram with addition of cards (CEDAC).

• In CEDAC, there will be pockets on either side of each sub-bone marked as


“cause pocket” and “effect pocket.”
Amendment of Finished Knitted Fabric Quality by Reducing the Intensity of Defects and
Improvement Techniques
7. Run charts
• This chart is directly recorded by machine when it is running.

• A pencil is affixed to the machine spindle which moves on a graph made on


paper roll.

• This graph indicates the machine performance, settings, vibrations in the


machine, and other machine-related problems.

• Seismograph used to record earthquake intensity and electrocardiogram


(ECG) used to record heart beat are good examples of run charts.
Case Study

Implementation of SQC For Spinning


Processes in XYZ Textile Factory
Main Processes and intermediate products in spinning plant
The spinning process (yarn production) has following stages:

a. Inspection and acquisition of the raw material (cotton fiber)


b. blending and mixing cotton
c. chute forming
d. carding process (pulling, separating, and orienting the fibers)
e. Drafting process.
f. Roving. Process
g. Ring frame Process
Quality Characteristics of Cotton Fiber

•Cotton color
•Cotton staple length
•Cotton fiber Maturity
•Micronire
•Strength of cotton fiber
•Length uniformity
Cause and effect diagram for the cotton quality characteristics
Cause and effect diagram for the spinning quality problem
R- chart for 21 count
R-chart for 40 count

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