NAME:-Branch: - Topic: - Subject

NAME:- Keval H Patel
BRANCH:- M.E (Production Engineering)

TOPIC:- Maximum Shear Stress Theory
SUBJECT:-Computer Aided Design & Manufacturing
Theories of
Failure
Based on the behavior of the materials, failure theories for materials are
commonly divided into two primary categories:
1) Brittle materials: Brittle materials are those that display little or no plastic
deformation before they fail. Brittle materials usually crack under load without
undergoing considerable deformation.
2) Ductile Material: Unlike brittle materials, ductile materials experience

considerable plastic deformation prior to failing. Higher stress levels can be
applied to ductile materials without causing them to break.
Importance of
Theories of
Safety and Reliability: FailureFailure
theories, which are essential in manufacturing,
civil engineering, and aerospace, guarantee the safety and dependability of product
and their constituent parts by forecasting material failure.
Design and Material Selection: Using these ideas, engineers create designs and
use materials that are appropriate for the job, making sure that this designs can
sustain anticipated loads and environmental conditions.
Cost Efficiency: The use of theoretical models for failure prediction reduces costs
by avoiding over-engineering and wasteful material utilization, and by
economically optimizing designs to fulfill safety standards.
Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
It is a fundamental concept in Definition
material science and structural engineering.
It provides information regarding material behavior and failure under external
forces.
It predicts that failure occurs when the maximum shear stress exceeds the
material's shear strength.
The theory primarily centers on shear stresses, which are forces that cause
materials to deform along a specific plane parallel to the applied force
Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
Maximum Shear Stress Theory is a fundamental failure theory in materials science
and engineering. It is used to predict the onset of yielding or failure in ductile
materials when subjected to complex stress states. Below is a detailed explanation
of the theory:
1) Basic Concept of Shear Stress:- The force per unit area acting parallel to a
material's surface is referred to as shear stress. Material layers slide in relation to
one another as a result of it. Shear stresses in structural components are brought
either by tangential loads imposed or torsion (twisting) pressures.
2) Yielding and Material Failure:- Yielding refers to the point where a material
begins to deform plastically, meaning it experiences irreversible deformation.
The Maximum Shear Stress Theory predicts that yielding will occur when the
maximum shear stress in the material reaches a critical value, which is the
material’s shear strength.
Yield Strength:- It is the max. stress , a material can
with stand before it permanently changes it’s shape.
Ultimate Strength:- It is maximum stress a material can
withstand before breaking when pulled or stretched.
3) Key Assumptions
• The theory assumes that failure or yielding occurs because of shear stresses, rather
than normal stresses (tension or compression).
• It focuses on ductile materials, which undergo plastic deformation before failing.
The theory is less applicable to brittle materials, where tensile stress is a more
significant cause of failure.
4) Maximum Shear stress criteria:- For any general 3D stress state, the principal
stresses are:
• σ₁: Maximum principal stress (largest)
• σ₂: Intermediate principal stress
• σ₃: Minimum principal stress (smallest)
The maximum shear stress, according to the theory, is given by:
τmax=(σ1−σ3)/2:
5) Failure Condition:-According to the Tresca Criterion, failure (or yielding)

occurs when the maximum shear stress reaches the shear yield strength of the
material, denoted as τ_yield. The failure condition is thus: (σ1−σ3)/2 ≥ τ yield.
Alternatively, this can also be written in terms of the yield stress in tension (σ_y),
as: τyield = σy/2.
Thus, the condition for yielding becomes: (σ1−σ3)/2 ≥ σy/2. This equation is the
foundation of the Maximum Shear Stress Theory and shows that yielding starts
when the difference between the maximum and minimum principal stresses reaches
the tensile yield strength of the material.
Steps for using
Maximum shear
stress theory
Step 1: Determine the three principal stresses (σι,σ2, and σ3).
Step 2: Find out the maximum σ1 and the minimum σ3 principal

stresses.
Step 3: Determine the value of the maximum shear stress τmax=(σ1−σ3)/2
Step 4: Find out the allowable stress value of the material; allowable stress =
σsy /N or σy /2N (N=Factor of safety).
Step 5: Compare the value calculated in step 3 with the allowable value found in
step 4. If the Value at step 3 is less than the allowable value at step 4, then the
design is safe as per the maximum shear stress theory.
Applications &
limitations
The Maximum Shear Stress Theory is widely used for:
 Designing machine elements such as shafts, gears, and fasteners, which
experience high shear forces.
 Analyzing failure in pressure vessels, beams, and other structures under torsional
loads.
 It is especially useful in situations involving torsion or combined stress states,
where shear stress plays a dominant role in failure.
 Limitations:-
 The theory is conservative and often predicts yielding earlier than actually occurs,
particularly in multiaxial stress states.
 It is primarily applicable to ductile materials, and for brittle materials, different
failure criteria such as the Maximum Normal Stress Theory are more
appropriate.
Summary of Key
Points
Theory: The Maximum Shear Stress Theory predicts that yielding occurs when
the maximum shear stress in a material reaches the material’s shear strength.
Failure Criterion: Yielding occurs when the difference between the maximum
and minimum principal stresses exceeds the tensile yield strength of the material.
Application: The theory is particularly useful in analyzing components under

torsional loads and in cases where shear stress is dominant.
Limitations: It provides a conservative estimate of failure and is more applicable

to ductile materials.
Thank you

NAME:-Branch: - Topic: - Subject

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NAME:-Branch: - Topic: - Subject

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

NAME:-Branch: - Topic: - Subject

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NAME:- Keval H Patel

BRANCH:- M.E (Production Engineering)

2) Ductile Material: Unlike brittle materials, ductile materials experience

5) Failure Condition:-According to the Tresca Criterion, failure (or yielding)

Step 2: Find out the maximum σ1 and the minimum σ3 principal

Step 3: Determine the value of the maximum shear stress τmax=(σ1−σ3)/2

Application: The theory is particularly useful in analyzing components under

Limitations: It provides a conservative estimate of failure and is more applicable

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.