Per Unit Analysis Sample Problems

Per Unit Analysis
Sample Problems
1. Base Voltage = 1.1 kV. Base KVA = 106. What is base impedance?
2. If the resistance in ohms is 5 Ω, find the per unit value. Given base kVA = 10 and
base kV = 11.
3. A single phase two – winding transformer is rated 25 kVA, 1100/440 volts, 50 Hz. The
equivalent leakage impedance of the transformer referred to the low voltage side is .
Using transformer rating as base values, determine the per – unit leakage
impedance referred to low voltage winding and referred to high voltage winding.
4. A single phase transformer is rated at 2.5 kVA, 11/0.4 kV. If the leakage reactance is
0.96 Ω when referred to low – voltage side, then determine its leakage reactance in
per unit.
5. For a 110/440 V, 25 kVA, single – phase transformer, primary and secondary leakage
reactances are 0.04 Ω and 0.10 Ω respectively. Show that net pu leakage reactance
of the transfomer referred to LV side is same as referred to HV side.
6. An 11/0.4 kV, 200 kVA transformer has an equivalent impedance of 2.4+j12.4
Ω referred to HV side. Determine the base values for the pu system, the per
unit equivalent impedance and the equivalent impedance at one – half rated
current.
7. Determine the per unit impedance of a transmission line having an impedance
of 30 + j110 Ω on 100 MVA and 132 kV base voltage.
8. A 30 MVA, 11 kV generator has a reactance of 0.2 pu referred to its ratings as
bases. Determine the per unit reactance when referred to base KVA of 50000
kVA and base kV of 33 kV.
9. The transformation ratio of the step – up transformer is 11/220 kV. The base
MVA = 100 and base kV = 11 on the generator side. What is the base kV on
the transmission side?
10.Three generators are rated as follows: Generator 1: 100 MVA, 33 kV, reactance = 10%,
Generator 2: 150 MVA, 32 kV, reactance = 8% and Generator 3: 110 MVA, 30 kV, reactance =
12%. Choosing 200 MVA and 35 kV as base quantities, compute per unit reactances of the three
generators referred to these base quantities. Draw reactance diagram and mark per unit
reactances. The three generators are connected to common bus – bars.
11.The Figure shows single line diagram of a single – phase circuit. Using the base values of 3 kVA
and 230 V, draw the per – unit circuit diagram and determine the per – unit impedances and per
– unit source voltage. Also, calculate the load current both in per unit and in Amperes.
12. A 100 MVA, 33 kV, three phase generator has a reactance of 15%. The generator is connected
to the motors through a transmission line and transformers as shown. Motors have rated inputs
of 40 MVA, 30 MVA and 20 MVA at 30 kV with 20% reactance each. Draw the per – unit circuit
diagram.
13.The three – phase ratings of a three – winding transformer are: Primary – Y – connected, 66 kV,
15 MVA, Secondary – Y – connected, 13.2 kV, 10 MVA and Tertiary – Δ – connected, 2.3 kV, 5
MVA. Neglecting resistances, the leakage impedances are: ZPS = 0.08 pu on 15 MVA, 66 kV
base, ZPT = 0.10 pu on 15 MVA, 66 kV base and ZST = 0.09 pu on 10 MVA, 13.2 kV base. Find
the per unit impedances of the star – connected equivalent circuit for a base of 15 MVA, 66 kV
base in the primary circuit
14. Draw the per – unit impedance diagram of the system shown in the Figure. Assumed base values are 100 MVA and
100 kV.
G1: 50 MVA, 12.2 kV, xg1 = 0.10 pu

G2: 20 MVA, 13.8 kV, xg2 = 0.10 pu
T1: 80 MVA, 12.2/132 kV, xT1 = 0.10 pu
T2: 40 MVA, 13.8/132 kV, xT2 = 0.10 pu
Load: 50 MVA, 0.8 pf lagging operating at 124 kV.
15. The Figure shows a sample power system network. Find the current supplied by the generator, the transmission
line current, the load current, the load voltage and the power consumed by the load.
16. The single line diagram of a three – phase system is shown in the figure. Select a common base of 100 MVA and 13.8 kV on the generator side. Draw
per – unit impedance diagram.
G: 90 MVA, 13.8 kV, xg = 18%
T1: 50 MVA, 13.8/220 kV, xT1 = 10%
T2: 50 MVA, 220/11 kV, xT2 = 10%
T3: 50 MVA, 13.8/132 kV, xT3 = 10%
T4: 50 MVA, 132/11 kV, xT4 = 10%
M: 80 MVA, 10.45 kV, xm = 20%
Load: 57 MVA, 0.8 pf (lagging) at 10.45 kV.
xline1 = 50 Ω
xline2 = 70 Ω
17. The figure shows single – line diagram of a power system.
The ratings of the generators and transformers are given below:
G1: 25 MVA, 6.6 kV, xg1 = 0.2 pu
G2: 15 MVA, 6.6 kV, xg2 = 0.15 pu
G3: 30 MVA, 13.2 kV, xg3 = 0.15 pu
T1: 30 MVA, 6.6 ∆ - 115 Y kV, xT1 = 0.1 pu
T2: 15 MVA, 6.6 ∆ - 115 Y kV, xT2 = 0.1 pu
T3: Single – phase unit each rated 10 MVA, 6.9/69 kV, xT3 = 0.1 pu
Draw the per – unit circuit diagram using base values of 30 MVA and 6.6 kV in the circuit of generator 1

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Per Unit Analysis

G1: 50 MVA, 12.2 kV, xg1 = 0.10 pu

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