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and queries
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 RESOURCE PERSON
NAZOORA KIRAN

REMAINING PART OF UNIT 2

 FUNCTIONS OF THE
UNIVERSITY
 .
Academic
leadership

Professional
Functions of development
university
Education Technological
training and
development

General Higher
Education
ACADEMIC
LEADERSHIP

 Highly prepared faculty

 Sophisticated original research
 Published in severely reviewed,
internationally recognized outlets;
 Graduate education
 Overall academic quality
 2. PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
 Comprises of mentoring, learning,
reflecting, consulting, practicing, and
improving
 Enhances competences
 Provides opportunities to excel
 ongoing process that continues
throughout an individual's career.
 knowledge and skills stay relevant and
up to date
3. TECHNOLOGICAL TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT

 Internet enabled training capabilities to maximize

 Ensured availability of education & training resources
 Technology offers ease of use
 Learning retention
 Dissemination of information
 Creates a highly accessible course
 Prepares the workforce for the next wave
of technology
 The ability to reinforce learning
 Employee training convenience
 Reduced manpower and enhanced productivity
4. GENERAL HIGHER
EDUCATION

 Personality development
 Career building
 Totality of general and specialized knowledge
and skills that enable a university graduate to
solve problems that he encounters in industry or
to perform scientific research or pedagogical
work within the area of specialized knowledge
that he has acquired.
 RECOMMENDATIONS TO
ENHANCE
FUNCTIONALITY OF
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION
University education can function in a better way if:

 Made unique kinds of global institutions.

 must adapt and innovate
 embrace cultural, socioeconomic and physical
setting.
 focus on the individual.
 Universities must become effective partners for
global development
 UNIT 3
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER
EDUCATION
 HIGHER EDUCATION: GENESIS AND
DEVELOPMENT (POLICIES & PLANS)

 National Educational Conference ( 1947) also

known as Pakistan Education Conference
 This led to the establishment of University
Grant Commission (UGC)
 First official educational policy in 1956
 In 1960s, the financial policies and economic
programmes introduced by government
greatly emphasized to importance of higher
education in the country.
CONT……
 From 1960 to 1965 Rs 912 Million was spent
annually.
 From 1965 to 1971, the government spent ₨.
173.8 million on the education sector.
 In 1972 government had spent 70% of natural
resources on higher education efforts;
enrollment in the universities increased to 56%
 Government policies led to the fundamentalist
ideas flaring in the higher education system in
the country.
 HIGHER EDUCATION
COMMISSION
 The inadequate financial funding and
policy implementation never matched
the need of higher education in the
country. In 2002, the government took
over the initiatives in devolving the
UGC into Higher Education Commission
in 2002.
 COMPARISON WITH OTHER
COUNTRIES
 Pakistan’s Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)
in higher education was just 10%
during 2015-16, which is lower than
many other developing countries of
South Asia. For example, GER of India
in higher education is 24%, followed by
21% in Sri Lanka, 16% in Nepal and
13% in Bangladesh (UNESCO, GEM
Report 2016).
 POLICY SUGGESTION
 Policy suggests that Number of public
sector universities will be increased
from existing 99 (2015) to 195 by
establishing 96 new universities by
2025. Projected number of private
universities is expected to reach from
existing 76 to 105 by 2025 with total
number of universities touching the
figure of 300 in the country
 CHALLENGES OF HIGHER
EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
 Gross Enrolment Ratio is just 10%. Only 8%
of relevant age group of 17-23 years are
enrolled in tertiary education.
 Most of the universities and their campuses
are concentrated in urban centers hence
restricting accessibility of millions of youth in
rural and under developed areas to access
higher education opportunities
 Quality of higher education is not compatible
with international standards.
CONT……
 Only 27% faculty members of universities possess
higher qualification of Ph.Ds
 Most of the universities lack a culture of research.
 Budgetary allocations for higher education are not
proportionate to the needs of the country.
 Appointments of senior leadership in universities
are sometimes politicized, thus affecting quality of
education and research in these institutions.
 Due attention is not paid on Research and
Development (R & D). Linkages between
universities and industry are weak.
 ROLE OF VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS IN HIGHER
EDUCATION

 Ministry of Federal Education and

Professional Training
Government ministry that is responsible for
determining the policies and direction of the
education system in Pakistan.
 Pakistan Engineering Council
It is functioning to encourage and promote
pursuits of excellence in engineering profession
and to regulate the quality of engineering
education and practice of engineering &
technology.
CONT….
 National Agriculture Education
Accreditation Council
The Higher Education Commission established
the National Agriculture Education Accreditation
Council (NAEAC) in 2007 having representation
of experts from agricultural universities and
research institutions, leading industries and R&D
institutions in public and private sectors.
CONT…..
 National Business Education
Accreditation Council (NBEAC)
The purpose of NBEAC is to assure
quality in Business
Administration/Public
Administration/Management
Sciences/Commerce degree programs
according to the proposed accreditation
in educational institutions.
CONT…..
 National Computing Education
Accreditation Council (NCEAC)
 National Computing Education
Accreditation Council (NCEAC) was
established for accreditation of degrees
in Computing in Pakistan to evaluate,
scrutinize, and monitor the standards
followed in different degree awarding
institutions and their affiliated colleges.
CONT…….
 Offices of Research Innovation and
Commercialization (ORIC)
 ORICs were mandated to act as a focal
point in facilitating and coordinating all
research activities within a university,
ranging from the dissemination of
information regarding the call for research
proposals, to development of research
proposals and the commercialization of
research products.
 HIGHER EDUCATION
COMMISSION
 The Higher Education Commission
(HEC) is the primary regulator of higher
education in Pakistan. It also facilitates
the development of higher education
system in Pakistan. Its main purpose is
to upgrade the Universities of Pakistan
to be centers of education, research
and development.
 FUNCTIONS OF HIGHER
EDUCATION COMMISSION
 HEC works differently than its predecessor
(University Grants Commission). Although HEC’s
main areas of concern were similar to the ones
looked after by UGC, it functions differently in its
operations (Higher Education Commission,
2008:23). Its main functions are:
 Provide support for higher education and
research
 Facilitate funding for higher education
 Serve as a national resource for higher
education
CONT…..
 Participate in the formulation of Federal
Government policy on matters of
higher education.
 Support the cause of national
integration and cohesion through co-
curricular activities.
 Advise institutions, the Provincial
Governments and the Federal
Government on planning and
development of higher education.
 IMPORTANT ROLE OF HIGHER
EDUCATION COMMISSION
 The main role of HEC was to reform the
Higher Education of Pakistan so that it
can meet the economic demands of the
country. Since then many reforms have
been introduced by the HEC.
 REFORMS BY HIGHER
EDUCATION
 Introduction of the Semester System
 Anti-plagiarism policy
 Quality Enhancement Cells (QECs)
 Extending the time duration of the
Bachelor degrees
 Grading System
 Information Technology Reforms
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