6 g8 q1-Week 2-3 Work, Pe, Ke, Gpe

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WORK

PREPARED BY : TYPE YOUR NAME HERE


S8FE-Ia16

Identify and explain the factors that affect


potential and kinetic energy
WORK has a three part definition:
All three of the following must take place for
work to be done.

1. A force must be applied to an object


The object must move
3. The object must move in the same
direction as the force
Work
The product of force and the amount of
displacement along the line of action of that
force.

Units: Newton•meter (Joule)


ft . lbs (horsepower)
Work = F x d
To calculate work done on an object, we need:
The Force
 The average magnitude of the force
 The direction of the force
The Displacement
 The magnitude of the change of position
 The direction of the change of position
During the ascent phase of a rep of the
bench press, the lifter exerts an average
vertical force of 1000 N against a barbell
while the barbell moves 0.8 m upward
How much work did the lifter do to the
barbell?
Table of Variables:
Force = +1000 N
Displacement = +0.8 m

Force is positive due to pushing upward


Displacement is positive due to moving
upward
Work  Force displaceme nt
Work  1000 N  0.8m 
Work  800 Nm   800 Joule   800 J

Calculate Work
Power
 The rate of doing work
Work = Fd

Power Work / time


Power  Fd / t
Power  Force  velocity

Units: Fd/s = J/s = watt


Calculate & compare power
Lifter A Lifter B’s time would
Table of Variables be .75 sec instead
of .5 sec
F = 1000 N
Fd
d = 0.8 m Power 
t
t = 0.50 s Power 
1000 N  0.8m
0.50 s
800 J
Power  1600 w
0.50 s
 Energy (E) is defined as the capacity to
do work (scalar)
 Many forms
 No more created, only converted
 chemical, sound, heat, nuclear, mechanical
 Kinetic Energy (KE):
 energy due to motion
 Potential Energy (PE):
 energy due to position or deformation
Kinetic Energy
Energy due to motion reflects
 the mass
 the velocity of the object

KE = 1/2 mv 2
PROBLEM SOLVING

How much KE in a 5
ounce baseball (145
g) thrown at 80
miles/hr (35.8 m/s)?
PROBLEM SOLVING

How much KE possessed by a


68.1 kg female volleyball
player moving downward at
3.2 m/s after a block?
Compare KE possessed by:
 a 220 pound (100 kg) running back
moving forward at 4.0 m/s
 a 385 pound (175 kg) lineman moving
forward at 3.75 m/s
Table of Variables Table of Variables
m = 100 Kg m = 175 kg
v = 4.0 m/s v = 3.75 m/s
Select the equation Select the equation
and solve: and solve:
KE = ½ m v2 KE = ½ m v2
KE = ½ (100 kg)(4.0 KE = ½ (175)(3.75)2
m/s)2 KE = 1230 Nm or J
KE = 800 Nm or J
Potential Energy
Two forms of PE:
 Gravitational PE:

 energy due to an object’s position


relative to the earth
 Strain PE:
 due to the deformation of an object
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
 Affected by the object’s
 weight
 mg
 elevation (height) above reference point
 ground or some other surface
 h

GPE = mgh
SAMPLE PROBLEM

How much gravitational potential energy in


a 45 kg gymnast when she is 4m above
the mat of the trampoline?
GPE relative to mat GPE relative to ground
Table of Variables Table of Variables
m = 45 kg m = 45 kg
g = 10 m/s/s g = 10m/s/s
h=4m h = 5.25 m
PE = mgh PE = mgh
PE = 45kg * -9.81 PE = 45kg * -9.81
m/s/s * 4 m m/s/s * 5.25 m
PE = 1765.8 J PE = 2317.6 J
ENERGY CANNOT BE
CREATED NOR DESTROYED
BUT CAN BE
TRANSFORMED FROM ONE
FORM TO ANOTHER
Remember the Law of Conservation of Energy? It
can't be created or destroyed but when it is
transformed from one form to another we say
that "WORK has been done". Work is done
whenever energy is passed from one thing to
another.
It is labeled in Newton-meters and sometimes in
Joules. Joules are a unit of energy (like Calories but
much smaller... there are 4180 joules in every
Calorie)

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