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PPT-Week-7-8

The document discusses the concept of context in speech communication, defining it as the environment that influences meaning. It outlines various types of speech contexts, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, public, and mass communication, as well as different speech types and styles. Additionally, it explains speech acts and their classifications, emphasizing the locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary aspects of communication.

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Alice Medea
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4 views

PPT-Week-7-8

The document discusses the concept of context in speech communication, defining it as the environment that influences meaning. It outlines various types of speech contexts, including intrapersonal, interpersonal, public, and mass communication, as well as different speech types and styles. Additionally, it explains speech acts and their classifications, emphasizing the locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary aspects of communication.

Uploaded by

Alice Medea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF SPEECH

CONTEXT
What is Context?

• Context when referring to speech


communication is the surroundings,
circumstances, environment,
background or setting that determine,
specify, or clarify the meaning of an
event. (LumenLearning.com/Elements
of Communication).
What is Speech Context?

According to DeVito (2005),


“Context refers to the setting in
which the communication takes
place. Context helps to establish
meaning and can influence what is
said and how it is said.”
Types of Speech Context

1. Intrapersonal – This refers to a type of


communication that is focused on one
person, where the speaker acts both as the
sender and as the receiver of the message.
The message is made up of thoughts and
feelings while the medium is the brain that
processes what you think and feel. (Hybels &
Weaver, 2012, p 16)
Types of Speech Context

2. Interpersonal – This refers to the type of


communication that takes place between and
among people and creates a personal
relationship between and among them.
Normally, it includes two individuals, and it
can vary from casual and very personal to
formal and impersonal.
Types of Inter Personal Communication

• Dyad Communication – communication that


happens between two people.

• Small Group- This applies to interactions


involving at least three but not more than twelve
people engaged in faceto-face interactions to
achieve the desired goal. In this type of
conversation, all participants can freely express
their ideas throughout the discussion.
Types of Speech Context

3. Public– This type refers to a communication that


enables you to send or deliver a message before a
crowd. The message can be transmitted for
informative or persuasive purposes. "In public
communication, unlike interpersonal and small
groups, the channels are more exaggerated. The
voice is louder and the gestures are more expansive
because the audience is larger” (Hybels & Weaver,
2012, p 19).
Types of Speech Context

4. Mass Communication – This


refers to communication through
television, radio, newspapers,
magazines, books, billboards, the
internet, and other types of media.
Verbal and Non-verbal Behavior in a
Speech Context
When talking to your self :
1. Use self-talk to your advantage
2. Don’t overdo it.
When talking to one person or a small group of people
1. Listen carefully
2. Check your body language
3. When talking to the public
3.1 Analyze your audience
3.2 Plan your speech
3.3 Draft your speech
3.4 Rehearse
TYPES OF SPEECHES
SPEECH

A communication activity which


is more formal than talking or
usual conversation. It is primarily
delivered to leave a remarkable
meaning.
ypes of Speech According to PurposeT

1.Informative Speech
2.Persuasive Speech
3.Entertainment Speech
Types of Speech According to Purpose

1.Manuscript Speech
2.Memorized Speech
3.Extemporaneous Speech
4.Impromptu Speech
TYPES OF SPEECH
STYLE
What is Speech Style?

• The form of language that the


speaker uses which [sic]
characterized by the degree of
formality is known as speech
style (Martin Joos, 1976:156)
Types of Speech Style

Intimate
*Used for very close relationship
Example (couple)
Note: Language used in this style may
not be shared in public
Types of Speech Style

Casual
* An informal communication between
groups and peers who have something to share
and have shared background information but do
not have close relations.
Examples (classmates)
Note Jargon, slang, and vernacular language is
used
Types of Speech Style

Consultative
* Used in semi-formal and standard
communication
Example (teacher and students)
Note: Professional or mutually acceptable
language is a must in this style
Types of Speech Style

Formal
*One-way straightforward speech
Example (State of the Nation Address)
Note: What the speaker syas is something
that has been prepared beforehand.
Types of Speech Style

Frozen
*The most formal communication style
that is usually used during solemn
ceremonies and events.
Example (Pledges)
Note: It does not require any feedback from
the audience
TYPES OF SPEECH ACT
What is Speech Act?

• A speech act is an utterance that a speaker


makes to achieve an intended effect.

• Speech acts are performed when a person


offers an apology, greeting, request,
complaint, invitation compliment, or refusal.
Speech act is an act of communication.
According to J. L. Austin (1962), a philosopher of language and the developer of the
Speech Act Theory, there are three types of acts in every utterance, given the right
circumstances or context. These are:
LOCUTIONARY ACT

• This act happens with utterances of a sound, word


or even a phrase as a natural unit of speech.
*For utterances to be LOCUTIONARY, consider the
following:
It has sense, and most importantly, for communication to take
place.
It has the same meaning to both the speaker and the listener.
Utterances give rise to shared meaning when it is adjusted by the
speaker for the listener.
Examples

∙ “Doh!” (favorite expression of TV


cartoon character Homer Simpson)
∙ “Wow?” (When someone is
amazed)
∙ “Hello!” (greeting someone)
∙ “Get out!” (a strong command)
ILLOCUTIONARY ACT

• It is the SOCIAL FUNCTION of what has been SAID.


• In Illocutionary speech act, it is not just saying
something itself but with the act of saying
something with the intention of:
*Stating an opinion, confirming, or denying
something;
*Making a prediction, a promise, a request;
*Issuing an order or a decision; or
*Giving advice or permission.
Examples

∙ It’s more fun in the Philippines.


(opinion)
∙ I’ll help you clean the house tomorrow.
(promise)
∙ Get my things in the office. (order)
PERLOCUTIONARY ACT

• Refers to the consequent effect of what was said. This is


based on a particular context in which the Speech Act was
mentioned.
• This is seen when a particular effect is sought from either
the speaker or the listener, or both. The response may not
be physical or verbal and is elicited by:
*inspiring/insulting;
*persuading;
*deterring/scaring.
*The aim of perlocutionary act is to change
feelings, thoughts, or actions.
Examples

∙ “We can do this. We heal and win as one!”


(inspiring)
∙ “It is crucial that we give all our collective efforts
to fight against this pandemic. We must start
working together.” (persuading)
∙ “Smoking destroys your health, certain as it brings
diseases, it kills – you, your loved ones, and others!”
(deterring)
Searle’s Classification of Speech Act

• As a response to Austin’s Speech Act


Theory, John Searle (1976), a professor
from the University of California,
Berkeley, classified illocutionary acts
into five distinct categories.
Searle’s Classification of Speech Act
Searle’s Classification of Speech Act
Searle’s Classification of Speech Act
Searle’s Classification of Speech Act
Searle’s Classification of Speech Act

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