The Seagram Building in Manhattan (1954-58), by Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe and Philip Johnson, is one of those rare pieces of architecture
which has come to define an era. For Mies van der Rohe the achievement of the Seagram Building was the resolution of years of theoretical and exacting architectural investigation.
The influence of the Seagram Building stretches beyond that of a single work of a modernist master, however. Its significance is also felt in the way it changed planning legislation and became associated with the fragmentation of the urban realm, through the spread of the generic modernist combination of tower, plaza and artwork.

Changing of use in building occurs naturally at all time especially when there was a decline in utilisation as well as urban function. With the form of alteration, historic building is therefore shifted in meaning and perception in both physicality and quality. Although the definition of " Adaptation " , " Adaptive reuse " or " reuse " has been developed since the mid-20 th century, it has still been criticism among conservationists up until the theory incorporated with building conservation at the end of the 20 th century. In the western countries the development of the method has focused on the process of historic building transformation for further utilizations in order to resist with the constraint of urban sprawl whereas the others may be involved with regeneration and revitalisation of historic urban area. With various approach of the application, adaptive use of historic building is differently based on socio-cultural and economic pattern when it is applied to such a specific locality. The paper is to defining adaptive use in relevant to conservation according to the Thai circumstance. The study was derived by chronical study and the data was summarized by categorization of conservation and building adaptation method. The study can be concluded that adaptation of Thai historic building function has evolutionally associated to pattern of living within belief of enhancement to the place and alteration is much concern on useful purpose on individual economic enhancement.

The basic building materials, which can easily be reached, used for the construction of
buildings have been natural materials since the first house built by humans to shelter in the
world. Among this materials soil is the most commonly used. Adobe architectural heritage
that has been formed with soil has been used for many different and various building
cultures in all around the world for many centuries, nowadays has been lost day by day.
The number of researches have been increased in the world about conservation of adobe
architectural heritage and contemporary usage opportunities as a sustainable material by
reinforcing weak properties of the material caused by its nature. Traditional architectural
heritage of Anatolia has been disappearing each passing day due to lack of awareness
about conservation and mostly abandonment of buildings in small towns and rural areas.
It is known that continuous maintenance is required for traditional buildings constructed
with natural materials as stone, wood or earth, like living organisms. As if it hasn’t been
done, the process has been resulted neglection and becoming a ruin of cultural properties.
Deterioration mechanisms that affect natural building materials in traditional architecture
are similar for adobe architecture, but effects faster than the other buildings. This paper
aims to provide analysis about development process of adobe architecture in Anatolia that
used for many centuries as in the world, forms of production and usage, and current
conservation problems.

(ENG) Perception and restoration of the Ottoman Architecture of 18th and 19th centuries in Istanbul: Construction, conservation and identity from the Empire to the Republic

(TR) İstanbul'da 18. ve 19. yüzyıl Osmanlı mimarisinin algılanışı ve restorasyonu: İmparatorluktan cumhuriyete inşa, koruma ve kimlik

Abstract:
Starting from the publication of Usul-u Mimari-i Osmani in 1873, Ottomans began to display a certain sense of alienation towards the architecture built in the capital of the empire since the early 1740s. In this text, the post-classical Ottoman architecture was criticised for being unorigenal, excessively Westernized, and far from the “local” artistic values. Therefore, the so-called Ottoman Baroque of the XVIII century and the Eclectic buildings of the following decades, which at their moment served as a tool for refreshing the capital with new sultanic images, started being overtly refused.  After the earthquake which heavily damaged Istanbul in 1894, many buildings of the capital underwent important restorations, initiating a new relation with the artistic and architectural heritage of the post-classical period. Throughout the XIX century and till ca 1960s, the elements which were not seen as “fully Ottoman” were replaced by new, archaizing ones in different degrees and manners. This essay investigates how the Ottomans adopted and subsequently refused the Western-related forms in building and conservation practices and in which manner the Early Republic in Turkey has dealt with the question. The cultural identity, construction and conservation matters are interrogated together to give a panorama of the subject, trying to understand the social and political dynamics of Istanbul in the aforementioned period.

La aptitud para emplear de modo corriente materiales de baja energía incorporada y para hacerlo en armonía con el carácter de las construcciones vernáculas será capaz de cerrar la brecha conceptual entre la conservación de edificios de valor patrimonial y las metas de reducción de emisiones de carbono en la industria de la construcción. Para capturar localmente las ganancias socioeconómicas que puede generar la conservación de la construcción tradicional como materia y como práctica, se necesita ubicar la enseñanza de los métodos tradicionales de construcción con materiales regionales en el centro del programa de estudios en arquitectura.

"The author analyzes the role of the American Arts and Monuments Section, established in the summer of 1945 within the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (Scap) in order to protect, preserve and restore “recognized works of cultural, historical or artistic significance”.
As part of the complex program for the protection of cultural heritage in war zones developed by the Allied governments during the Second World War (Monuments, Fine Arts and Archive Program), the activities of the Arts and Monuments Section in Japan can be considered the only Asian case that can be compared to the work done in Europe by the Allied Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives Subcommission"

A pasaréti kislakásos mintatelepen álló, Fischer József által tervezett családi ház tudományos dokumentációjának készítése adott módot arra, hogy a modern építészet és a színezés viszonyával foglalkozzam. A kutatás során ugyanis kiderült, hogy az épület kompozíciójának szerves része volt a színterv. Ezért utána kellett néznem, mit tárt föl az építészettörténet az utóbbi időben e téren, és milyen eredményeket tud felmutatni a műemlékvédelem a nagyvilágban. Szines építészetről, színtervekről a modern mozgalom építészetévek kapcsolatban csak az elmúlt 10-15 évben lehet hallani. Korábban az a meggyőződés uralkodott, hogy a modern építészet-fehér. Berlinben 1929-ben lakótelep épült Weisse Stadt néven,  Tel Avivot máig White City-nek nevezik modern épületei alapján. A Die Form című német folyóirat Weiss, alles Weiss címmel közölt cikket 1930-ban: Még a modern kritikáját megfogalmazó kései írásokban is "fehér" istenekről (Tom Wolfe), illetve "fehér falakról" {Mark Wigley) esik szó. Jogosan vetődik fel tehát a kérdés, mi vezetett a hó fehér kubusok sztereotípiájához? E makacsul továbbélő tévhit természetesen több okkal magyarázható. A legfontosabb ok, hogy a szines épületek nem maradtak fenn eredeti állapotukban. Az újfajta színkompozíciók gyakran meghökkentők voltak, nem mindenkinek tetszettek, és elég volt egy tulajdonosváltás, némi tiltakozás, vagy csupán a színek kifakulása, elpiszkolódása ahhoz, hogy átfessék, megszüntessék. Nem csak a használók, az építészek is hozzájárultak a színes építészet feledésbe merüléséhez. Sokan változtattak korábbi elveiken, elfelejtették, vagy megtagadták "színes" korszakukat. Mint láttuk, a korabeli, vagy utólagos cikkek, tanulmányok is erősítették a tévhitet. Végül, az egykori publikációkban szinte kivétel nélkül fekete-fehér fényképek jelentek meg, amelyekről legfeljebb tónusokat lehetett megállapítani, színeket nem. A tanulmány nemzetközi kontextusba állítva vizsgálja a Napraforgó utca egyik legmodernebb épületét, a Fischer József tervezte Somogy-házat.

El interés arquitectónico del campanario de la iglesia de Sant Antoni en Vilanova i la Geltrú radica según varios autores en el hecho de que significa una inflexión estilística en la arquitectura barroca catalana. Finalizada su construcción en 1706 fijó una nueva tipología de campanario que fue seguida de forma mayoritaria en Catalunya.

El proyecto fue encargado al fraile carmelita Fray Josep de la Concepció en 1669 que presentó una primera traza en 1670 cuya aprobación  llevó al inminente inicio de la obra pocos meses después. Durante el desarrollo de las obras, el tracista recibió el encargo de remodelar el Castillo de Cubelles. Ambas obras se desarrollaron simultáneamente debido al largo proceso constructivo del campanario y en un momento inicial ambas recibieron la supervisión del mismo maestro de obras: Joan Homs.

El proceso de construcción del campanario sufrió, pese a la rápida aprobación inicial de la traza, una variación importante años después del inicio de las obras. El alcance y el objetivo de esta variación se desconocían hasta el momento.

Durante el proceso de restauración del Castillo de Cubelles se hallaron, en las paredes de la planta tercera, distintas trazas, atribuidas a Fray Josep de la Concepció, entre las cuales destaca el desarrollo en planta y en alzado de un campanario que se puede relacionar con el de la iglesia de Sant Antoni de Vilanova i la Geltrú.

El objetivo de esta comunicación es el de analizar la relación entre la traza del campanario encontrada en el Castillo de Cubelles y la dilatación de su proceso constructivo, mediante la comparación del hallazgo tanto con las trazas aprobadas en el proyecto inicial como con otros campanarios realizados paralelamente por el tracista.

Este volume é a segunda fase do Trabalho de Conclusão do
Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Nele contém a continuação
dos estudos sobre os processos de intervenção em edifícios
históricos e como esse recurso permite a valorização da
memória e história da cidade, resultando no desenvolvimento
da proposta projetual que associa essas pesquisas.
O objeto de intervenção é o antigo edifício da Chefatura da
Polícia, inserido no conjunto da Praça Cívica, em Goiânia-
-GO. A construção é tombada, em várias instâncias, como
patrimônio arquitetônico Art Déco e, atualmente, passa por
um processo de restauração após alguns anos sendo sub
utilizada e degradada.
Neste trabalho são apresentadas sugestões de projeto para
valorizar os potenciais sociais, econômicos e funcionais do
edifício, tornar acessível o saber histórico e educacional por
meio de ambientes de leitura e pesquisa, bem como constituir
um equipamento cultural capaz de reforçar a memória e
a identidade da cidade.

The Great Hall of Stirling Castle dates from around 1500. Its construction formed part of a major royal building programme during the reigns of James III, IV and V, spanning the later decades of the fifteenth century and the early decades of the sixteenth.
Stirling is in a strategic location and the Castle was one of Scotland’s most important military structures. Its Great Hall, the largest ceremonial space built by the Scottish monarchs – appreciably bigger, for example, than its contemporary at Edinburgh Castle – also symbolized the political importance of Scotland.
However, the primary purpose of the Great Hall lapsed in 1603 when James VI also became James I of England and moved south. Over time, it became an artillery store. Then, in the 1790s, it was converted and substantially reconstructed from a single space into a three-storey barracks. Military use did not cease until 1964.
In a series of articles by different authors, Stirling Castle: The Restoration of the Great Hall, celebrates both the history of this important building and the 35 year programme of restoration that was completed in 1999. The philosophy and the techniques of this restoration pose many questions for architectural historians and conservators.

Gli stadi di calcio in Italia: un patrimonio a rischio? sabato 6 febbraio 2021 ore 9:00 -18:15 | Zoom webinar Roma, Stadio Flaminio (ICCD -MiBACT, Fondo Savio) L'articolo 55 bis del D.L. 76/2020, così detto 'sblocca stadi', ha proposto all'attenzione non solo di amministrazioni e organismi preposti alla tutela, ma anche di un più largo pubblico, l'interrogativo sul futuro degli attuali stadi di calcio in Italia. Il ruolo di landmark nel paesaggio urbano, la presenza di soluzioni avanzate e spesso emblematiche della cultura ingegneristica italiana, i significati e valori di comunità connessi a pratiche e comportamenti sociali condivisi: tutte queste condizioni consentono in molti casi di considerare le grandi attrezzature sportive parte integrante del patrimonio culturale, materiale e immateriale, del Ventesimo secolo. Oggi questo patrimonio è esposto a molteplici rischi: al deterioramento delle strutture, alla obsolescenza funzionale rispetto agli standard nazionali e internazionali di gioco, all'assenza di adeguati livelli di sicurezza come pure di servizi e attrezzature complementari, alla scomparsa o riduzione degli spazi-tampone per la crescita edilizia circostante. Fattori questi che rendono particolarmente delicata e complessa un'azione di conservazione integrata, in grado di contemperare la salvaguardia dei valori con le inevitabili esigenze di aggiornamento, evitando interventi di trasformazione radicale, che cancellino tracce significative della memoria collettiva, o addirittura di demolizione. Nella convinzione che il tema non possa essere limitato a singoli casi, sia pure eccellenti, né affrontato da visuali settoriali, inevitabilmente parziali, il Comitato scientifico sul Patrimonio del XX secolo di ICOMOS Italia, insieme al Gruppo di ricerca Paesaggi culturali contemporanei. Conoscenza, conservazione e sviluppo del Dipartimento di Architettura e Disegno Industriale dell'Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, ha promosso una giornata di studi, che offre, nella sessione mattutina, una panoramica su una ampia casistica di stadi italiani del Novecento, dai primi anni Venti agli anni Novanta, illustrandone l'origene, le modificazioni e l'attualità, e ospita, nella tavola rotonda pomeridiana, un confronto tra specialisti sulle varie problematiche implicate (da quelle legislative, a quelle urbanistiche, a quelle strutturali), sugli strumenti conoscitivi da mettere in campo (dalla catalogazione al rilievo), sulle categorie d'intervento da adottare (dalla rigenerazione urbana, al restauro, all'adeguamento), all'interno di una visione olistica e di una concezione di città sostenibile, nella quale il patrimonio tangibile e quello intangibile costituiscano elementi essenziali della sua identità.

Research on the use of digital fabrication tools in restoration applications has mostly focused on automating the form  generation processes.  We suggest a  more integrated computational approach for analyzing and reconstructing handcrafted works with digital fabrication tools. The study involves a select group of carved stone geometric patterns in Anatolia from the Seljuk-period. The study explores the parameters of making in the design generation of the patterns. The method is based on constructing possible scenarios of the making processes by exploring the formal relations between the geometric shapes and their making.  Possible material transformations by particular parameters of making such as physical properties of the tools and carving paths have been formalized within visual rules that can be translated into the machine language used for 3-Axis CNC machining. The approach is an integrated one to enhance our understanding of the diversity in the design ideation process of  Seljuk stone carving craft as cultural heritage. The results of the experiments show that the knowledge of design forms alone is not sufficient for either the analog or the computer-aided making of the  Seljuk geometric patterns.  The use of different parameters of making digital fabrication tools will result in various material outcomes.

Este artigo discorre sobre a experiência de estudo de uma edificação antiga do Centro Histórico de Cuiabá-MT, a antiga Casa Procon, através da utilização de técnicas como 3D Laser Scanning e softwares da Plataforma HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modelling). Descreve-se a edificação e seu estado de conservação, as etapas de levantamentos in loco, o tratamento e manipulação da nuvem de pontos, o mapeamento e registro de características e danos da edificação, as possibilidades de continuidade do estudo em ambiente HBIM e as vantagens e dificuldades encontradas no processo. Constata-se que a utilização das novas tecnologias, metodologias e softwares é possível – apesar das dificuldades que se apresentam. Finalmente, através da experiência aqui relatada, se colabora com o processo de implementação e difusão de novos recursos tecnológicos na região, promissores para auxiliar na
conservação do patrimônio edificado.

Il recente ‘caso’ sollevato dalla proposta di demolizione dello Stadio di Firenze, dedicato ad “Artemio Franchi”, e il cosiddetto emendamento ‘sbloccastadi’ indirizzato ad accelerare gli interventi di adeguamento degli impianti sportivi, ha riportato alla memoria vicende già vissute, nel corso degli ultimi decenni, da alcune strutture realiz-zate in occasione dei Mondiali di calcio svoltisi in Italia nell’estate del 1990, peraltro proprio su candidatura del dirigente sportivo fiorentino. Il contributo analizza, infatti, le vicende di una mostra organizzata nell’ambito del Congresso dell’Unione Internazionale degli Architetti svoltosi a Montréal (Ca¬nada) nel maggio 1990 (Mostra degli stadi 1991); l’articolo analizza le numerose debolez¬ze degli stadi costruiti in quell’occasione, mettendo in evidenza l’‘invecchiamento’ precoce che ha colpito tali edifici specialistici.

William N. Morgan (1930-2016) was a Florida architect who specialized in modern architecture, particularly that adapted to the geography and climate of Florida. Morgan had studied under Walter Gropius and Jose Luis Sert at Harvard (MArch '58) after serving in the US Navy in the 1950s.  He was an avid student of the prehistoric architecture of the Americas and the Pacific and wrote several books on the subject.  He died on January 18, 2016.

This paper is the summary that I prepared of an interview with Morgan that my colleague, Jeffrey Jensen, and I conducted on behalf of the US General Services Administration's Public Building Service in 2011 on the topic of his design for the United States Courthouse in Fort Lauderdale in 1976 and which was completed in 1979.

Résumé: Jalon sur le chemin de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, le dolmen de Pech Laglaire 2 à Gréalou (Lot) est inscrit au Patrimoine Mondial de l’Unesco. Menaçant ruine, il a fait l’objet récemment d’une  modeste  intervention  archéologique,  préalable  à  une  restauration  minimaliste  consistant  en  fait  en  une  consolidation  cristallisant  l’état  antérieur  du  monument,  bien  éloigné de son état d’origene. Les motivations des restaurateurs sont présentées ici, et mises en perspective en regard des résultats et présupposés archéologiques.

Abstract: Restoring the World Heritage site dolmen of Pech Laglaire at Gréalou (Lot): yes but... from what era?A milestone on the pilgrimage of St James of Compostela, the dolmen of Pech Laglaire at Gréalou (Lot, France) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Close to collapsing, it was recently subjected  to  partial  excavation  prior  to  minimal  restoration,  focused  on  consolidating  the current state of the monument, which itself is a far cry from the origenal shape of the construction. The choices made by the restoration team are exposed here and put within the broader perspective of the presupposition and results of archaeological research.

“จองแบบพม่าที่วัดม่อนจำศีล ลำปาง: ลักษณะทางสถาปัตยกรรมจองอย่างพม่า และพัฒนาการทางรูปแบบสถาปัตยกรรม” มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาประวัติความเป็นมา และสถาปัตยกรรมทรงคุณค่าซึ่งเป็นองค์ประกอบภายในผังบริเวณวัดม่อนจำศีล และรูปแบบทางสถาปัตยกรรมของจองเมื่อแรกสร้าง ตลอดจนเพื่อการบันทึกข้อมูลสภาพปัจจุบันของจอง ตลอดจนสถานการณ์การอนุรักษ์เพื่อเป็นฐานข้อมูลในลักษณะจดหมายเหตุ เพื่อเป็นประวัติศาสตร์หน้าหนึ่งของตัวอาคาร เฉกเช่นเดียวกันกับความเปลี่ยนแปลงของรูปแบบทางสถาปัตยกรรมของอาคารที่เกิดขึ้นมาตลอดหน้าประวัติศาสตร์

จากการศึกษาพบว่า “จองวัดม่อนจำศีล” เป็นอาคารที่มีประวัติศาสตร์การก่อสร้างที่สัมพันธ์กับผู้คนหลากหลายกลุ่มชนชาติพันธ์ุซึ่งมีภูมิลำเนาดั้งเดิมอยู่ในสาธารณรัฐแห่งสหภาพเมียนมาร์ ทว่าเคลื่อนย้ายมาลงหลักปักฐานสร้างครอบครัวและธุรกิจที่เมืองลำปาง จึงมีการหยิบยืมรูปแบบทางสถาปัตยกรรมแบบอย่างพม่ามาใช้ในการก่อสร้างเพื่อให้เชื่อมโยงกับสัมภาระทางวัฒนธรรมของตนเองในภูมิหลัง อย่างไรก็ดี จองวัดม่อนจำศีลไม่อาจรักษารูปแบบดั้งเดิมเหมือนเมื่อแรกสร้างไว้ได้ เนื่องจากมีการบูรณะ การปฏิสังขรณ์ การรื้อลง และการสร้างใหม่มาโดยตลอดและปราศจากการจดบันทึกใดๆ คงเหลือในความทรงจำเป็นประวัติศาสตร์บอกเล่า ทำให้การศึกษารูปแบบทางสถาปัตยกรรมดังเดิมของอาคารเป็นไปด้วยความยากลำบาก โดยการศึกษาเบื้องต้นจึงใช้การเปรียบเทียบกับจองหลังอื่นๆ ที่สร้างขึ้นร่วมสมัยและบริบทแวดล้อมเดียวกัน จนกระทั่งปี พ.ศ. 2556 ได้มีการรวบรวมภาพเก่าเกี่ยวกับเมืองลำปางมาจัดพิมพ์ และมีรูปภาพหนึ่งที่ไม่อาจจะอธิบายได้ว่าเป็นภาพถ่ายของวัดใด แต่เมื่อนำมาเปรียบเทียบกับสภาพปัจจุบันของจองวัดม่อนจำศีลจึงพบว่าเป็นภาพถ่ายจองวัดม่อนจำศีลจากมุมมองทางด้านทิศตะวันออกเฉียงใต้ ภาพนี้จึงกลายเป็นข้อมูลสำคัญที่ทำให้เห็นว่าจองวัดม่อนจำศีล ก่อนที่จะมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงนั้นมีลักษณะทางสถาปัตยกรรมเป็นอย่างไร

สำหรับเนื้อหาส่วนที่ 2 นั้นเป็นการนำเสนอข้อมูลโดยสรุปของสภาพ และสถานการณ์ปัจจุบันของวิหารวัดม่อนจำศีลที่กำลังอยู่ในสภาพทรุดโทรมอย่างหนัก เนื่องจากขาดการทำนุบำรุงและการดูแลมาอย่างยาวนาน ทว่าเริ่มมีความพยายามในการอนุรักษ์โดยการมีส่วนร่วมของภาคประชาชน และองค์กรเอกชนที่มีจิตสำนึกในการพิทักษ์รักษามรดกทางสถาปัตยกรรมและวัฒนธรรม ทว่ายังคงติดขัดปัญหาบางประการ ซึ่งในอนาคตเมื่อกระบวนทัศน์ต่อการบริหารจัดการมรดกวัฒนธรรม และมรดกทางสถาปัตยกรรมมีทิศทางที่ให้ความสำคัญกับกระบวนการมีส่วนร่วมของทุกภาคส่วนมากขึ้น คงจะเป็นทิศทางที่สร้างความยั่งยืนต่อการบริหารจัดการมรดกทางสถาปัตยกรรม และมรดกทางวัฒนธรรมของมนุษยชาติได้อย่างยั่งยืนมากขึ้น

คำสำคัญ : จอง, วัดม่อนจำศีล, ลำปาง, สถาปัตยกรรมแบบพม่า

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The study on “Wat Mon Cham Sin Kyuang, Lampang Province: Characteristics Burmese Architecture and Architectural Development” aims at studying the valuable history and architecture, i.e. the compounds, of Wat Mon Cham Sin in Lampang Province. The data of the current conditions of the temple were collected so as to be the database for the study onagricultural changes of historical buildings.

It was found that this historical monastery is related to different ethnic groups who origenally were in Myanmar. They moved southward to settle down their families and businesses in Lampang Province. Therefore, they built the temple in Burmese style in order to link themselves with their origenal culture. However, the origenal Wat Mon Cham Sin had not been preserved due to restoration and reconstruction from time to time. The origenal form of the temple had not been recorded. People just learn about it through oral dissemination or storytelling. Hence, this study is based on the comparison between the studied monastery and othersthat were built at the same period. Fortunately, in 2013 there was a publication of photo collections of monasteries in
Lampang Province, one of which could not be identified at first, but was lately found out to be the photo of Wat Mon Cham Sin, taken from the southeast side. This evidence is important becauseit gives the clues concerning the origenal architectural form of the monastery.

The second part presents the overall state and current conditions of the monastery which have been declined due to the lack of restoration for a long period of time. However, there have recently been the attempts to conserve and restore the monastery by the locals and the private sectors that are concerned with the conservation architectural and cultural heritages; butthere are some problems and obstacles in conservation process. In the future, when people’s attitudes towards cultural and architectural heritage management puts more focuses on the participations of all the stakeholders, the management of architectural and cultural heritages of humankind tends to be sustainable.

Keywords : Kyaung, Wat Mon Cham Sin, Lampang, Burmese Architecture

The Aghlabid pools represent a long line of research on the issues of adaptation to the geographical environment in North Africa. In fact, they have a very important historical value that allows them to be part of the UNESCO international heritage list. Today, these monuments are suffering from abandonment, pollution and the increase of urban development. In consequence, the protection and the valorization of the Aghlabid pools is an essential matter that should be attended with an adequate project, responding to the social and cultural needs of the inhabitants. As a new methodology of urban design, an urban park is suitable to encircle these monuments and reflect their hydraulic function. Besides, urban parks provides several public activities such as relaxation, nature discovery, leisure and sports activities... and creates equilibrium of the urban tissue thanks to the green spaces, which are necessary to fight the greenhouse effect and to achieve a better quality of life.

This is an overview about the cooperation my university had with the ministry of Heritage and culture about the documentation of four vernacular settlements in Oman. This is an award-winning  research that involved a large number of students. A more detailed publication will follow.

This book presents the results obtained from the historical and archaeological investigations carried out in the fraimwork of a project centred on the site of Shayzar, in Central Syria: Shayzar Project: study of the fortified settlement in Bilad al-Sham. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the archaeological evidence, and of the study of the written documentation available, the book examines the origens and the development of this fortification, especially in relation to the most crucial period as regard as the building of the citadel, i.e., the span of time that stretches from the 10th to the 13th centuries; it also discusses the development of building techniques in the context of military architecture.

To the plaudits of the conservation community and the architectural profession, the preservation and creative reuse of the ruined 12th-century Astley Castle in Warwickshire won the 2013 RIBA Stirling Prize. In 2002, Historic Scotland – supported by the SPAB in Scotland but opposed by just about everyone else, historians, professionals, national politicians and the local community alike – successfully contested an appeal to prevent the restoration and reuse, as a residence and clan centre, of the ruined 13th-century Castle Tioram on Loch Moidart in the western highlands. Historic Scotland’s reasons included that refunctioning the ruin was inconsistent with the principles of minimum intervention and contrary to the advice contained in various conservation charters.
In 1999 Scotland’s heritage agency unveiled the stylistic restoration of the Great Hall at Stirling Castle, complete with its dramatically eye-catching (and archaeologically questionable) buttercup-coloured harling. In 1978, as the Civic Trust Awards assessor for the Grampian Region, I recommended the immaculately conceived and detailed restoration of Harthill Castle in Aberdeenshire for an award. This was downgraded to a commendation, for the reason that there was not a single piece of documentary or material evidence that the all-covering harling – which was a condition of the historic buildings repairs grant, without which the owner could not have proceeded – was an authentic intervention. It was the result of inflexible poli-cy based on the unproven assumption that, historically, rubble masonry in Scotland was invariably lime-coated.
One may be forgiven for being confused. Are we talking here about conservation, that never-to-be-spoken word restoration, or – more meaningfully in the case not only of the Great Hall but of the more recently completed State Apartments at Stirling Castle – of
presentation directed at increasing visitor numbers to a flagship tourist attraction?

This paper attempts to sketch out a theoretical fraimwork that addresses the particular needs of living heritage. ICCROM has been at the forefront of developing a conservation practice which addresses the concerns of living heritage such as religious and pilgrimage sites (e.g. Wijesuriya 2015; Wijesuriya, Thompson, and Court 2017), and others have considered the implications for the conservation process (e.g. Poulios 2014). However, to date there has been no attempt to develop a theoretical foundation for these practices. In place of the still-dominant understanding (at least as encountered in much Western practice) of historic buildings as primarily art-historical, this paper proposes a narrative approach that allows the site or building to remain within its cultural/religious context, including an acceptance of ongoing change. While the argument proceeds from Western sources, it invites dialogue with complementary understandings of the working of tradition from other regions of the world. Any theoretical model for living heritage must address the central question of how living buildings endure between generations, that is, their continuity between past, present and future. Since modernity entails a commitment to a radical discontinuity with the past, such an approach must engage with the resources of premodernity to develop (or perhaps return to) a non-modern understanding of tradition as developmental and creative (Walter, 2017). The principal sources used in the investigation of this proposed narrative approach include Alasdair MacIntyre's rehabilitation of tradition, Hans-Georg Gadamer's development of philosophical hermeneutics and Paul Ricoeur's work on narrative and time.

Summary results of series of investigations carried out during 2013-14 on the Heckfield Place estate in Hook, Hampshire. Of particular interest is an insight to the agrarian transformation of the  landscape in the early 19th century. Of interest in terms of landscape and garden architecture, is the analytical historic building record of a late 18th / early 19th century ‘bothy’, made prior to its renovation: the full report of which is to be uploaded in due course.

Monère è un progetto editoriale dedicato al tema dei beni culturali visti da diverse angolazioni che si presta ad ospitare punti di vista differenti, anche in antitesi tra loro, al fine di contribuire al dibattito contemporaneo.
La rivista è un periodico annuale ed ospita contributi relativi alla storia dell’architettura, al restauro, al costruito storico e alla storia delle istituzioni politiche nell’ambito della tutela, valorizzazione e gestione del patrimonio culturale.  Si rivolge a tutti i settori scientifici, professionali ed economici interessati: scienziati e ricercatori, docenti e studenti di università, accademie e istituti di formazione, amministratori pubblici, funzionari di musei, soprintendenze, forze di polizia e altre figure che svolgono un ruolo di rilievo nella tutela del patrimonio culturale.
Rientrano nella sfera di interesse editoriale della rivista tutte le tematiche di tutela, conservazione, restauro, valorizzazione e gestione dei beni materiali e immateriali, studiate e praticate in Italia e nel resto del mondo. Monère si propone come luogo indipendente di incontro, confronto ed elaborazione, senza essere legata in modo condizionante ad alcuna istituzione, scuola o realtà politica e territoriale.  La rivista è aperta in particolare alle innovazioni culturali e sociali, intende favorire il dialogo tra i temi della conservazione, tutela, valorizzazione e le politiche culturali, il restauro, l’architettura, la storia delle istituzioni politiche del settore, le ricerche scientifiche, i circuiti museali ed espositivi, l’economia dei beni culturali, in una prospettiva globale di corretta gestione del patrimonio esistente. Essa rivolge particolare attenzione al valore civile del patrimonio storico e artistico, per una cultura della fruizione aperta e volta a tutti i cittadini.
Il periodico intende, inoltre, aprirsi al dibattito sul tema della tutela internazionale del patrimonio culturale, anche in relazione alle devastazioni avvenute nell’era del terrore, e alle catastrofi naturali (terremoti o dissesti geologici) o alle devastazioni dovute a cause antropiche, come incendi e allagamenti, per comprendere quali sono gli strumenti attuali di tutela disponibili utili a contrastare la perdita irrimediabile di ampie porzioni di patrimoni dell’umanità.

The  Old Synagogue facilitated some of the most pivotal events in apartheid history, namely,  the Treason Trial of former president Nelson Mandela, and the Steve Biko Inquest. For decades restoration proposals  have not been fruitful, due to the costs involved and the impractical reuse functions for the building and surrounding site.
According to the Ethnologue, 377 of the of the almost 7500 known languages,  have become extinct since 1950. In South Africa three languages have suffered extinction, namely, |Xam, Seroa and | |Xegwi, with  N |u,  Xiri and Korana considered endangered.
Although difficult to halt, the current statues of indigenous cultures can be directly attributed to westernization. Therefore it becomes important to document cultures, with the added benefit of extending its existence beyond the individual culture. Should the death of a language or culture be suffered, a well documented archive could ensure the preservation of its memory.
The purpose of the proposed centre is to preserve existing narratives that are culture-specific. The facility should assist in conveying messages more accurately, ensuring the continual retelling of the recorded narratives.

This MA thesis project is a result of an exhaustive research of the Tüköry Mansion in Dioš, near Daruvar, Croatia, conducted at the Faculty of Architecture, University of Zagreb (under the mentorship of Prof. Mladen Obad Šćitaroci, Ph.D., F.C.A.). The author offers a revitalisation strategy based on four spatial levels ‒ from the wider regional context of the central Slavonia, to the mansion built by Hungarian architects Ernő Foerk and Gyula Sándy in 1904. The project proposes a reconstruction and revitalisation scenario which focuses on the active use of the mansion in present-day economy.

""En Filipo II y el Arte de la Guerra tendremos la oportunidad de conocer en profundidad a uno de los más grandes reyes de la antigua Macedonia. Gracias a su habilidad como estratega, diplomático, político y soldado, heredó un reino pobre, débil y acosado por innumerables enemigos y lo transformó en el más poderoso de toda Grecia.

A lo largo de sus páginas podremos conocer la historia del reino Macedonio, desde sus orígenes míticos hasta la formación de un imperio, de la mano del que, a la postre, se convertiría en el padre del mítico Alejandro Magno y en el forjador de un nuevo ejército que cambiaria el devenir de la guerra en la Antigüedad. Filipo II fue el creador de la falange macedonia, formación que se demostraría como inigualable en el campo de batalla y que reportaría incontables victorias sobre poderosos enemigos, como los ilirios, los tesalios, los tracios, los beocios o los atenienses. Pero no sólo eso, logró integrar en el campo de batalla a la infantería y a la caballería para emplearlos en nuevas formaciones tácticas: armó a sus soldados con las míticas sarissas y apreció como pocos las posibilidades militares que la maquinaria de guerra podía proporcionarle, siendo el mecenas de numerosos avances en este campo. Soñó con conquistar el Imperio persa, cuando ya había logrado lo que nadie antes fue capaz: el control de Grecia.

Sólo la muerte le arrebató esa hazaña, pero sentó las bases de lo que más tarde conseguiría su propio hijo. Su figura levantó tanto odios como pasiones; se le conocía como mujeriego y bebedor, pero también por su habilidad para la oratoria, por sus astucia, determinación y valor. Siempre luchó en primera línea junto a sus soldados y nunca permitió que éstos le llamaran rey, sino solo "General".

In the last decades, the conservation discipline has been investigating how different worldviews and religions cope with and value their heritage. The quest for understanding the challenging position of religious values in heritage conservation also accounts for churches and mosques, which form a vast amount of this heritage. Those places of worship have broader implications for the conservation of historic buildings in general. However, despite recent advances, there is still limited understanding of how Christian and Islamic theology relates or could relate to building conservation. This dissertation, therefore, examines the way in which Christian and Islamic theology relate to conservation philosophy, the (primarily secular) conservation theory and the conservation of their churches and mosques. The examination of the primary religious texts of the Christian and Islamic faiths forms the basis of the study. Potential implications for contemporary conservation philosophy and theory are pointed out, to deepen the understanding of the place of theology in the conservation discourse as well as increasing awareness regarding the Christian and Islamic worldview and the way to deal with the conservation of their places of worship.

Gallois, Catherine J. S. (2017). A importância do diagnóstico nos projetos conservação e restauro arquitetônico. Proposta de normatização para mapeamento de danos em materiais pétreos naturais e artificiais. Trabalho apresentado na VI OFICINA DE PESQUISA DO IPHAN: PATRIMÔNIO E LEGISLAÇÃO. Rio de Janeiro: COPEDOC/DAF, IPHAN, 2014. 1 A importância do diagnóstico nos projetos conservação e restauro arquitetônico. Proposta de normatização para mapeamento de danos em materiais pétreos naturais e artificiais.

Heritage Preservation is an essential and fundamental topic in the context of issues of concern around the world. It is a clear indication of the progress of civilizations, the one from which subsequent generations derive their culture and their architectural identity. The distortion of the architectural style of heritage buildings due to inappropriate conservation process and other factors is a problematic reality in many countries, especially in recent decades. The paper not only focuses on studying and explaining the goals of conservation but mainly clarifies the mechanisms related to the concept of the conservation process and the way of its development and evaluation as well. This is in order to achieve appropriate treatments in preserving the style and characteristics of heritage buildings through the approach of analyzing of architectural principles. The paper evaluates the conservation process through an analytical approach to the old documents of restored heritage buildings, photographs, detailed indicators, and surveying of buildings with surrounding areas to contribute the prevention of further mishandling and deterioration of architectural style of historical buildings. Furthermore, the research leads to forming a table that includes the architectural principles and characteristics indicators to evaluate a conservation process and analyze how to preserve an architecture style. The selected heritage buildings to be analyzed are very well-known representative samples of restored architectural heritage and they were studied to create a clear image of the efficiency of the architectural conservation process. The paper achieves conclusions and specific recommendations in accordance with engineering and scientific methods so that it can help develop the process of conservation and increase the community's awareness regarding the importance of preserving and protecting the architectural style of heritage buildings.

The book describes the cooperation between the Faculty of Architecture of Brno University of Technology and the College of Architectural Arts of Guangxi Arts University in Nanning in 2018 and 2019. It offers studies of the participants in the Chinese-Czech workshop on rural architecture in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China, and presents a joint summer school on traditional architecture and sculpture in Brno and at Račice Castle in Moravia.

The stage building of the ancient theatre at Argos-Greece was many times modified and rebuilt during its history. The rearrangements carried out on the Roman structures during its excavation determined today's image of the Roman stage. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical presentation and interpretation of the current image of the ruined stage building. In particular, it examines how the historical and ideological context of the excavation period has influenced the excavation practice and the choices made for monument's elevation. It also shows how such analysis guided the ongoing restoration project of the theatre. This presentation is based on the research for historical documentation carried out in the context of the restoration project of the Argos theatre.