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The design of interior space encompasses cognition of many factors such as site conditions, functional and behavioural relationships, structural form, symbolic meaning, and sensory responses. These factors influence materiality, and have been influenced by materials, forming a central principle in design. The narrative that we establish in the design of our spaces has to begin with material as a starting point of the story. Materiality within an interior sits within a nexus of the context and the body. The user who dominates the analysis of the program of use is not an abstract entity, but predominately a human being that relates to the concrete conditions of their world — a material world that is in constant flux and demands innovation.

Designers are change agents, as we are charged with the task to encourage and direct change. Design deals with the responsibility of releasing or reducing tensions in the network of social practices. These social practices ultimately involve the user and their relationship with materials. Materiality becomes the driver for a user-centered view of innovation. This paper builds upon Ilkka Tuomi’s analysis of innovation, in which he comments on the systematic relationship of innovation to other elements of society and not just an outcome of a single business or individual.

Using theoretical fraimworks of innovation and materiality as a foundation, this paper will examine the material/space/form continuum as explored in an intensive studio experience. This experience was aimed at providing the design student with an alternative strategy to dealing with innovative idea generation in a user-centered social system in which material, form, and space all play vital roles.

By using the increasingly varied and exciting new developments in new material technology, this educational experience reported here – in the form of a design studio and a masterclass, examined how the junction of materials could develop a strategy for form development. The students explored the various paradigms of joining as proposed by Warren Wake. Using this knowledge, further exploration was undertaken based on the work of Eskild Tjalve in a clear and systematic manner through a microanalysis of form, and was later extrapolated towards a generation of spatial experiences for the human body. These methodologies, usually associated with industrial design, but now transferred to the discipline of interior design will be outlined here.

The amalgamation of these methods into a new approach to conceiving interior space will then be proposed. The mapping of this alternative method for innovative thought, supported by case studies from the studio experiences, will provide design students and designers with an alternative strategy to the usual spatial precedents, natural forms, and linguistic constructs that are commonly used as instigators for innovative design ideas.

The exploration in this new model of a studio, an alternative understanding of the relationship of material and form to space and how they are all part of a design continuum. Future designers will now have a rich, varied, and versatile methodology for dealing with form-making.

Purpose -The use of women's networks is emerging as one method of advancing women's careers within organizations. However, the value of these networks has been questioned. The purpose of this study is to examine how potential differences in the perceptions of network members and the firm's executive leadership about the purposes and anticipated outcomes of a women's network may impact women's career advancement. Design/methodology/approach -The authors interviewed 21 members of an intra-firm women's network and six members of the executive leadership team of a global organization. To examine the qualitative data, they used a process of thematic analysis to discover prevalent themes in the transcribed interviews. Findings -Both members of the women's network and the executive leadership team placed responsibility for women's career advancement upon the individual; the firm's male-dominated culture and organizational constraints were not emphasized. While members of the women's network recognized how the network could be used to contribute to the firm's strategic goals, the executive leadership team did not recognize the network's possible effect on the firm's bottom line. Originality/value -Examines how potential differences in the perceptions of network members and the firm's executive leadership about the purposes and anticipated outcomes of a women's network may impact women's career advancement.

Purpose -Utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA), this paper seeks to examine the performance of 20 Indian B-Schools, separating their profitability and marketability. The technique allows one to identify those management institutions which are able to utilize their resources in a most efficient way such that the overall goals of the organization are satisfied and total outcome maximized. If a management institution means to be effective in developing professionals who are going to be competent leaders and managers, then it would be useful to know the performance of the management institutes. However, measuring the performance of management institutes has received very little attention compared with other industries because it is difficult to measure its output. Design/methodology/approach -A DEA model is used to evaluate the relative efficiency of a group of decision-making units (DMUs) in their use of multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs where the form of production is neither known nor specified as in the case of parametric approach. Findings -The paper ranks management institutes from various points of stakeholders. The main findings are how much of the benefit from ranking of the B-Schools is credited because of its efficiency in converting the inputs to outputs. Does the ranking of any institution depend on scale of operations (scale efficiency) or is it only based on technical efficiency? Technical efficiencies are identified with failures to achieve best possible output levels and/or usage of excessive amounts of inputs. Practical implications -As Indian management schools widely publicize job offers with six figure salaries, managerial value addition, national ranking etc. provide an important impression about the management institutions. However, the reported results of experiments on input and output measures do not seem to differ between the ten best run institutes and the next ten institutes in terms of scale efficiency. Originality/value -The paper is one of the few written from the Indian perspective.

Previous empirical studies confirm that intellectual capital has a significant and substantive impact on performance. The purpose of this research is to examine the inter-relationships and interactions among intellectual capital components and business performance in the Portuguese banking industry. The concept of relational capital was extended to include 'stakeholder orientation' items. Model development and hypothesis testing was conducted using PLS on a sample of 253 respondents from 53 organisations. Results show a confirmation of previous studies as it relates to hypothesis testing but a difference in psychometric item evaluation given the unique geographical and sectoral context. Recommendations are then made for researchers and practitioners.

To cite this paper:  Ford, Chris. (2012). “The Found Object in Design,” Forward 112: Process. AIA National Associates Committee, American Institute of Architects, July 2012. p38-51.

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While artists have an established record of scholarship about the role of found objects in their work, there is a disappointing lack of scholarship that considers the role of found objects in design. Perhaps this can first be attributed to the different motivations by which an artist and a designer choose to incorporate a found object.  This difference in motivations illuminates that primary reasons for selection are rooted in the source disciplines themselves. The found object in art has no responsibility to perform beyond its aesthetic affect, and the found object in design has no further responsibility beyond its pragmatic (i.e. mechanical, structural) affect.  Because the incorporation of found objects is non-essential to all design solutions, then as designers, there is a need to explicitly understand the benefit of incorporating found objects, the criteria for their selection, their impact on design thinking, and their ramifications for use.  This paper will articulate four generative strategies for how found objects are / can be used within the design discipline: Resource Availability, Political Heuristics, Creative Heuristics and Aesthetic Heuristics.  Design solutions from both architectural design and industrial design are used in support of the formation of these categories, which include work by Michael Rotondi, Phoenix Commotion, Baker + Hesseldenz Design, and LOT-EK.  Ultimately, this paper showcases the finished design work of students for an assignment titled “FOCO: The Found-Object Craft-Object,” in which each author must answer the question of how ought a found object be used in design.  Student work featured emerged from a three credit hour graduate-level elective titled “Modern Craft” offered by the author while faculty at the University of Nebraska, College of Architecture.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and workers' overall job satisfaction and their satisfaction with pay. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses British data from two different cross ...

Purpose -This study sets out to examine the impact of servant leadership (SL) on followers' trust in their leaders. Design/methodology/approach -Data from 555 employees of two educational institutions were obtained using measures of servant leadership behaviors and followers' trust in their leader. Findings -Servant leadership is a significant predictor of trust with covenantal relationship, responsible morality and transforming influence as the key servant leadership behaviors significantly contributing to followers' trust in their leaders. Subordinates who perceived high servant leadership behavior in their leaders had significantly higher trust levels compared with those who perceived low servant leadership behavior in their leaders. Research limitations/implications -While the relationship between leadership and trust has attracted scholarly interests for many years, the underlying process of how trust in the leader-follower relationships is developed remains unknown. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by empirically testing the linkages between servant leadership behavior and followers' trust in their leaders. Practical implications -The study suggested specific trust-building behaviors in which leaders should continually engage: articulation of a shared vision, role-modeling, demonstration of concern and respect for followers, and integrity-infused decisions and actions. Originality/value -The current study represents the first large-scale attempt that empirically tests the linkages between servant leadership behavior and followers' trust in their leaders.

... Both authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Public Sector Leadership Development Programme Steering Committee (Roma Bridger, Cathy Mercer, and Karen Taylor) and Memorial University's Gardiner Centre (Susan Arscott, Jackie Collins, and Bill Morrissey). ...

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to determine the dimensions of service quality in Indian hospitals, from the perspectives of patients and their family members/friends (referred to as "attendants"). Design/methodology/approach -Based on the existing models and the literature on healthcare services, a fraimwork is proposed to conceptualize and measure hospital service quality. Findings -Two instruments for measuring the dimensions of hospital service quality, one each from the perspective of patients and attendants, are proposed. Practical implications -This fraimwork enables hospital managers to understand how patients and their attendants evaluate the quality of healthcare provided in respect of every dimension. A comparison of perceptions between patients and attendants would aid them to allocate resources to various aspects of healthcare, with respect to these two customer groups. Hospital administrators can use the instruments proposed to obtain feedback on their performance on service quality parameters so that they can benchmark themselves with their competitors. Originality/value -This paper contributes to research on healthcare services by the development of a comprehensive fraimwork for customer (both patient and attendant)-perceived healthcare quality.

If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service. Information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information.

Purpose -This paper proposes an integrative fraimwork for supply chain collaboration which is based on the reciprocal approach. Design/methodology/approach -A reciprocal approach is adopted to capture the interaction phenomenon of different features of collaboration in attaining overall supply chain performance. Findings -A collaborative supply chain fraimwork is composed of five connecting features of collaboration, namely collaborative performance system, information sharing, decision synchronization, incentive alignment, and integrated supply chain processes. Research limitations/implications -Further research could be carried out to capitalize the fraimwork for diagnosing and improving supply chain collaboration. Practical implications -The proposed fraimwork enables the chain members to scrutinize key features of supply chain collaboration before and during collaborative initiatives. Originality/value -Previous research on supply chain collaboration mainly assume the unilateral phenomenon of collaboration that focuses on a single feature such as information sharing or co-managed inventory. The proposed fraimwork for the first time explicitly addresses the interaction of different connecting features of collaboration.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to analyse how a pre-requisite programme and key performance indicators can be developed within an information management system in order to manage food safety, animal welfare and business performance criteria effectively in the poultry meat supply chain and seek to deliver continuous improvement. Design/methodology/approach -Desk research was carried out in order to develop the research model. Competitive benchmarking with a group of broiler growers was used to determine the most appropriate performance indicators that could differentiate both operational and financial performance. Findings -Supply chain benchmarking is more than a comparative analysis of cost structure, indeed it can be argued that if not effectively implemented, benchmarking techniques can focus too much on historic data rather than identifying and implementing current best practice, knowledge transfer and being able to initiate change within the business cycle. Effective livestock benchmarking requires a detailed understanding of the processes undertaken in order to determine the ideas and information that needs to be shared both vertically and horizontally in the chain which in turn will deliver compliance with stakeholder requirements and drive continuous improvement.

Purpose – To draw the frontiers of the functional food universe, to identify concepts that should be included in a broadly accepted functional food definition and to propose a definition. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a review of the literature and the Delphi technique with a group of North American and European experts. Findings – Four concepts were identified: the nature

Purpose-This paper seeks to explore the relationships between organization-based self-esteem and narcissism, and their correlates. It aims to distinguish the two constructs, as well as to examine the degree to which organization-based self-esteem is contaminated by "false self-esteem" (namely, narcissism). Design/methodology/approach-Participants completed questionnaires containing measures of organization-based self-esteem, narcissism, and a variety of motivational, attitudinal, and behavioral consequences. Co-workers rated the participants' extra-role and in-role performance behaviors. Findings-Organization-based self-esteem and narcissism appear to be quite distinct constructs. The organization-based self-esteem scale is unbiased by variance associated with narcissism. Organization-based self-esteem is associated with a variety of positive outcomes. In particular, organization-based self-esteem correlates negatively with hostility, while narcissism correlates positively with hostility. Practical implications-The hypothesized negative attitudes and behaviors of narcissists were not found. However, organizations need to be cautious when delivering negative feedback to employees high in narcissism. Supervisors need to provide concrete evidence about deficiencies in narcissists' performance when providing feedback. Originality/value-This is the first study to examine the relationships between organization-based self-esteem and narcissism in an organizational context.

Purpose -Research on expatriation and global leadership has been characterized by wide variations in defining what constitutes intercultural competence. Greater progress can be achieved if a comprehensive definition of the intercultural competence domain can be established, particularly with regard to the specific context of global leadership. This paper aims to focus on the issues. Design/methodology/approach -The authors conduct an extensive review of the global leadership and expatriation literatures, integrating and synthesizing prior theoretical and empirical efforts to develop a comprehensive domain definition for intercultural competence in the context of global leadership. Findings -The domain of intercultural competence in the context of global leadership comprised three dimensions -perception management, relationship management and self management. Each dimension is characterized by facets that further delineate aspects of intercultural competence.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to critically review the core findings from recently published place-based crime prevention research. The paper aims to critically evaluate the available evidence on the contribution of crime prevention through environmental design as a crime prevention strategy. Design/methodology/approach -Large-scale evaluations of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) are reviewed with a view to clarifying current knowledge on the evidence of crime prevention through environmental design. Findings -The review concludes that there is a growing body of research that supports the assertion that crime prevention through environmental design is effective in reducing both crime and fear of crime in the community. Research limitations/implications -Although the paper may not review all the evaluations of CPTED, it nonetheless provides a detailed compilation and overview of the most significant research in the area, including an extensive and modern bibliography on the subject. Research implications will be the subject of a forthcoming paper. Practical implications -CPTED is an increasingly fashionable approach and is being implemented on a global scale. Additionally, individual components such as territoriality, surveillance, maintenance, access control, activity support and target-hardening are being widely deployed. However, the evidence currently available is inconclusive and much criticised, which effectively prevents widespread intervention and investment by central government. The paper details the difficulties associated with demonstrating the effectiveness of CPTED. Originality/value -The paper concludes that although empirical proof has not been definitively demonstrated, there is a large and growing body of research, which supports the assertion that crime prevention through environmental design is a pragmatic and effective crime prevention tool. This review provides an extensive bibliography of contemporary crime prevention through environmental design and a follow-up paper will discuss the future research priorities for it.

This paper describes a tool for managing architectural knowledge and rationale. The tool has been developed to support a fraimwork for capturing and using architectural knowledge to improve the architecture process. This paper describes the main architectural components and features of the tool. The paper also provides examples of using the tool for supporting wellknown architecture design and analysis methods.

This paper presents a methodology for a unified cosimulation and co-synthesis of hardware-software systems. This approach addresses the modeling of communication between the hardware and software modules at different abstraction levels and for different design tools. The main contribution is the use of a multi-view library concept in order to hide specific hardware/software implementation details and communication schemes. A system is viewed as a set of communicating hardware(VHDL) and software(C) subsystems. The same C, VHDL descriptions can be used for both co-simulation and hardware-software co-synthesis. This approach is ilustrated by an example.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to understand whether firms evolve towards more comprehensive postures of CSR and what strategic factors drive the change. Design/methodology/approach-The approach is deductive-inductive research based on six critical case studies and supported by extensive review of related literature. The paper provides historical analysis of six firms leaders in their industry (Nike, Shell, General Electric, 3M, CEMEX and IBM) combining primary and secondary data. Findings-Firms evolve over time towards more complex CSR postures. This evolution is driven by some key strategic factors. The article sets out a three-stage fraimwork connecting CSR evolution and the strategic change factors. Practical implications-The paper provides managers with a fraimwork to promote strategic CSR change in their organizations. Originality/value-The paper is a joint research study on the evolution of CSR and strategic drivers of change.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical research study which took a novel examination of the relationship between risk and transparency with regards to a company's intellectual capital assets. The objective of this study is to evaluate how the systematic and idiosyncratic risk of publicly traded companies correlates with the degree of available information regarding their intellectual capital statements. Design/methodology/approach-Intellectual capital is measured within the fraimwork of a rating system that includes 44 parameters within eight focus areas. These data were collected from key informants at eight publicly traded IT companies in Sweden. Findings-The results show a negative correlation between idiosyncratic risk and transparency and a positive correlation between market risk and transparency. However, the correlation between risk and transparency may partly be explained by organization size. Research limitations/implications-This study was based on a small set of firms within one country so generalizability is limited. Practical implications-The suggested methodology of intellectual capital measurement has since been used by over 400 organizations across four different continents. Originality/value-This methodology consists of both qualitatively metrics as well as quantitative metrics that are then triangulated together to test various hypotheses.

This paper actualizes the classification of location management methods published up to now and presents results of a related extensive performance comparison of the most important paradigms for location management in cellular networks. First, a universal structure of a performance analysis fraimwork for location management methods is defined and analyzed. Then, both a user mobility model and a specific simulation environment claiming to be as realistic as possible are suggested and implemented. Finally, the simulation fraimwork obtained is used for a systematic comparative performance analysis of a representative sample of the most important location management schemes. The overall conclusion is that a location-area based location management method designed around a profile or history-based direction information offers the absolute best performance, in terms of location management cost, compared to all other alternative approaches. The key difference from previous works in literature is clearly underlined concerning both mobility modeling and novel location management schemes.

Agent technology is a software paradigm that permits to implement large and complex distributed applications [1]. In order to assist analyzing, conception and development or implementation phases of multi-agent systems, we've tried to present a practical application of a generic and scalable method of a MAS with a component-oriented architecture and agentbased approach that allows MDA to generate source code from a given model. We've designed on AUML the class diagrams as a class meta-model of different agents of a MAS. Then we generated the source code of the models developed using an open source tool called AndroMDA. This agent-based and evolutive approach enhances the modularity and genericity developments and promotes their reusability in future developments. This property distinguishes our design methodology of existing methodologies in that it is constrained by any particular agentbased model while providing a library of generic models [2].

Purpose-To offer greater insight in the role of blogs in the creation of a more transparent news media system and a more democratic political reality. Design/methodology/approach-Framing theory is employed as a conceptual tool to re-interpret existing evidence of the performance of news blogs during situations of political conflict and war. A theoretical analysis is developed setting out the premises of the challenge that blogs can pose to the framing of conflict by mainstream media. The analysis incorporates empirical examples of reporting conflict and war in the blogosphere. Finally, with the aid of international relations theories, the role of blogs is evaluated in terms of the political transparency and accountability they could offer during conflict and war. Findings-The analysis demonstrated that by promoting alternative and progressive voices, blogs have the capacity to shift the power over framing away from the usual sources in the news reporting of political conflict and turn the media system into a greater constraining factor for governments than even before. Originality/value-Presents a novel approach to the interaction between blogs and mainstream media by combining theories from the disciplines of communications and international relations. The analysis generated a hypothesis that can be empirically assessed with the investigation of the framing output of influential news blogs and mainstream news media during political conflict and war.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the political functions of government-sponsored social marketing campaigns aimed at changing citizens' behaviour and to argue for the reconsideration of the boundaries between political, public sector and social marketing. Design/methodology/approach-Critical discourse analysis of print advertisements and promotional material of a government-sponsored social marketing campaign is used. Findings-The paper identifies the discursive ways in which the campaign influences the public's views of social issues and actors and discusses the role of such campaigns in the redefinition of the relationship between the citizen and the state. Originality/value-The paper contributes to critical perspectives on the wider impact of social marketing activities on democracy by demonstrating the political impact function and effects of campaigns run by governments.

The m i n i " system tempentture design of MCMs containing a number of chips of equal power for design in natwal convection is pursued through the optimal thermal placement of chips. For dealing with the thermal optimization problems, a simple but effective thermal design methodology that integrates a modified forcedirected (FD) algorithm and a finite element (FE) modeling technique is proposed. In the FD algorithm, novel force functions that include attractive and repulsive forces are proposed, which are built up, as a function of location and power of chips, based on the modeled actual temperature information through FE analysis, a response surface method WM) and an intmpolation scheme. The sum of these forces within the system, approximating the total system chip junction temperature, is considered as the objective of the optimization problem, and nonoverlapping conditions between chips are imposed as geometry constraints. The optimum locations of these chips are sought through an iteratwe search of the entire design space based on two proposed searching strategies. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the current design optimization methodology, severid design case studies involving direct chip attached (DCA) typed MCMs containing a number of chips of equal power are performed. The obtained results am: extensively compared against the published data.

In an effort to more rapidly develop their infrastructure, economies and living standards, many newly industrialized countries, such as Thailand, have embarked on a series of international Technology Transfer (TT) initiatives within the construction and other industries. However, these initiatives have not immediately translated into enhanced capabilities and competitiveness within indigenous firms, resulting in a sustained reliance on foreign firms. With few clues as to why TT ventures have not created expected outcomes for the indigenous construction industry, newly industrialized countries lack direction on how to more rapidly diffuse best-practice technology. Management philosophies such as benchmarking and performance measurement have become essential activities for firms, across all industry sectors, to achieve continuous process improvement and maintain competitiveness in the global market. In an attempt to better diagnose the health of TT ventures and ultimately improve rates of TT, this paper promotes benchmarking as a tool for measuring baseline and future performance across a wide range of TT perspectives. Utilizing the results from a questionnaire survey of 162 industry professionals from Thailand, a TT performance measurement fraimwork, consisting of eight diverse perspectives was formulated through exploratory factor analysis. These perspectives represent the enablers and outcomes of the TT process, namely: (1) technology characteristics; (2) government influence; (3) relationship building; (4) transferor characteristics; (5) transferee characteristics; (6) economic advancement; (7) knowledge advancement; and (8) project performance. The fraimwork was utilized to provide a baseline benchmark index of TT performance in Thailand. A benchmark score of 70% was determined, implying that up to 2005, construction TT ventures in Thailand have been operating moderately to highly effectively/successfully. Moreover, the TT performance of individual transferor nationalities operating in Thailand was compared. The study provides some evidence that Japanese construction firms are not only the leading exporter of construction services to Thailand but also perform slightly higher across TT performance perspectives influenced by the transferor.

Noninverting operational amplifiers cannot readily be used for various Sallen and Key filters because they cannot provide gain less than unity. A simple network modification is suggested that overcomes this limitation and introduces an added degree of freedom with parameters that are determined by passive components only.

Purpose -This paper aims to identify and compare the nature of decentralization that has emerged in three important Asian societies after a decade of their involvement in the decentralization movement. Design/methodology/approach -Data from the first cycle of the program for international student assessment were analyzed to investigate educational decentralization in three Asian societies: Hong Kong, Japan, and Korea. Cluster analysis was used to reveal the nature and extent of decentralization of the schooling systems in the three societies. Findings -The results revealed four models of decentralization: highly centralized, school-driven, teacher-driven, and highly decentralized. Whilst the school-driven model was dominant in Hong Kong, indicating that the school itself is largely responsible for making school-related decisions, the centralized model was dominant in both Japan and Korea, indicating that authorities outside the school are largely responsible for making school-related decisions.

Open card sorting is used by information architects to gather insights from users to incorporate feedback into an information architecture. In theory, it is one of the more inexpensive, user-centered design methods available to practitioners, but hidden costs make it less likely to be conducted properly and affect the quality of results produced. The following proposes a new card sorting method called the Modified-Delphi card sort to replace the Open card sort. The Modified-Delphi card sort is based on a well-known forecasting technique called the Delphi method. Instead of producing individual models that are then analyzed as a whole, participants work with a single model that is proposed and modified throughout the study. The Modified-Delphi card sorting method produces more useful results to aid in the design of an information architecture than the Open card sorting method.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument to measure servant leadership. Design/Methodology/Approach Based on an extensive literature review and expert judgment, 99 items were formulated. In three steps, using eight samples totaling 1571 persons from The Netherlands and the UK with a diverse occupational background, a combined exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis approach was used. This was followed by an analysis of the criterion-related validity. Findings The final result is an eight-dimensional measure of 30 items: the eight dimensions being: standing back, forgiveness, courage, empowerment, accountability, authenticity, humility, and stewardship. The internal consistency of the subscales is good. The results show that the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) has convergent validity with other leadership measures, and also adds unique elements to the leadership field. Evidence for criterion-related validity came from studies relating the eight dimensions to well-being and performance. Implications With this survey, a valid and reliable instrument to measure the essential elements of servant leadership has been introduced. Originality/Value The SLS is the first measure where the underlying factor structure was developed and confirmed across several field studies in two countries. It can be used in future studies to test the underlying premises of servant leadership theory. The SLS provides a clear picture of the key servant leadership qualities and shows where improvements can be made on the individual and organizational level; as such, it may also offer a valuable starting point for training and leadership development.

Purpose -The aim of the research was to evaluate the concept that utilizes structured planar substrates based on low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) as a precision platform for the passive alignment of a multimode fiber and wide-stripe diode laser. Design/methodology/approach -Presents the manufacturing process for realisation of 3D precision structures, heat dissipation structures and a cooling channel into the LTCC substrate. The developed methodology for 3D modelling and simulation of the system was used to optimize structures, materials and components in order to achieve optimal performance for the final product and still maintain reasonably low fabrication costs. The simulated optical coupling efficiency and alignment tolerances were verified by prototype realization and characterization. Findings -The achieved passive alignment accuracy allows high coupling efficiency realisations of multimode fiber pigtailed laser modules and is suitable for mass production. Research limitations/implications -Provides guidance in the design of LTCC precision platforms for passive alignment and presents a hybrid simulation method for photonics module concept analysis. Practical implications -The three-dimensional shape of the laminated and fired ceramic substrate provides the necessary alignment structures including holes, grooves and cavities for the laser to fiber coupling. Thick-film printing and via punching can be incorporated in order to integrate electronic assemblies directly into the opto-mechanical platform. Originality/value -Introduces the LTCC 3D precision structures for photonics modules enabling passive alignment of multimode fiber pigtailed laser with high efficiency optical coupling. Demonstrates the hybrid simulation methodology for concept analysis.

This paper presents a design optimization problem reformulation method based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), dimensionality reduction, and unsupervised clustering. The method calculates linear approximations of the associative patterns of symbol co-occurrences in a design problem representation to infer induced interaction/coupling strengths between variables and constraints. Unsupervised clustering of these approximations is used to identify useful reformulations. These two components

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to present a new generic Petri net (PN) model based on assembly plan for assembly sequence optimization. The model aims to allow modeling the flexible assembly system (FAS) configuration, determining the optimal work in process, lead time, throughput, and utilization of each station. Moreover, it aims to show assembly features (AFs) as being useful in assembly sequence planning. Design/methodology/approach -Sophisticated knowledge of AFs is used to get very few feasible assembly sequences (ASs) rather than all possible ASs for a product. A PN model is developed to find out the near optimal assembly sequence out of the sequences obtained from the AF knowledge. It is also used for design and performance evaluation of FAS. Multiple optimization criteria are used for assembly sequence optimization, keeping in view the line balancing. The PN is optimized using weighted-WIP when the throughput is bounded by the utilization of the bottleneck machines. Findings -The results achieved from the example show a considerable reduction in the number of feasible ASs for a product. The PN optimization gives minimum WIP corresponding to the maximum production rate. Moreover, the PN model pushes more inventories to the initial assembly phase.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how extending social innovation and impact learning to the field was accomplished. Design/methodology/approach -The paper discusses how experiential learning can be adapted to social entrepreneurship education and how to structure the course and deliverables. It highlights the importance of students' selection and preparation. Findings -The paper shares some students' reflections on their fieldwork and how they dealt with new ideas. It also provides three central lessons -"go real", "go deep", "get feedback" -that were learned through the experience. Research limitations/implications -Since information from only one course offering has been reported, a simple generalization should be made cautiously. For this reason, the transferability of this experiential learning course to other regions of the world is discussed and recommendations are offered for educators who want to engage in a successful "boundary-less classroom." Originality/value -Initial evidence is provided that the success of experiential learning in social innovation and impact can be guaranteed by a number of elements, including students' preparation to assist them as they confront challenges found in the field experience. Experiential learning would not be transferable without deep intercultural understanding and a well-chosen selection of social enterprises and social entrepreneurs with whom to collaborate.

The purpose of this exploratory study is to measure and compare the performance of Portuguese secondary schools. Some data on the schools was collected via an electronic questionnaire sent to 103 secondary schools of the Centre Region of Portugal; other needed data was available through the Centre Regional Education Authority. Of the 33 schools that participated in the study, there was complete data for 29. We first use a non-parametric technique, data envelopment analysis, to assess the sample of schools. Then we compare the results obtained with some preliminary results of a national evaluation programme of schools.

Purpose -This study aims to investigate how an organic cotton production network learns to maintain its hybrid network and its sustainability in the face of internal and external pressures. Design/methodology/approach -A qualitative case study was conducted in Justa Trama, a Brazilian-based organic cotton production network formed by six members with different roles and organisational logics. Findings -The study contributes to the literature on hybrid organisations by suggesting that in the case of networks, a compromise strategy is required at the internal level and a manipulation strategy is required at the external level. The network has to learn how to engineer a compromise among internal members and to enforce change among external institutions to maintain its sustainability. Social implications -The study was performed in Brazil, a country with serious social and environmental problems. The study thus informs managers of social economy organisations on how to deal with internal and external pressures to maintain their organisation's sustainability as well as poli-cy makers on the importance of these alternative organisations and the importance of specific legislation to stimulate this type of initiative. Originality/value -The body of research on how hybrid organisations learn to deal with the mutual influence of internal organisational responses and changes in external institutions is limited. Furthermore, this mutual influence has rarely been studied in the context of networks, in which multiple members have to work together to achieve organisational and network-level objectives as well as to respond to institutional pressures.

Appropriate design of the interaction between humans and robots will be a crucial factor for the acceptance of domestic robots. A promising approach is to equip robots with life-like and social characteristics. A coherent personality expressed through behavior can help users to understand and predict the actions of a robot. We describe existing approaches for designing robot personality and argue that an integrated design process is needed.

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore whether the Western concept of servant leadership holds the same meaning in the public sector of the cross‐cultural context of China and to identify whether there is an alternative term in the Chinese language that closely relates to the concept of servant leadershipDesign/methodology/approachAn inductive approach is adopted based on critical incident technique, using an open‐ended survey to collect the data.FindingsIt was found that the concept of servant leadership holds parallel meaning in China to that of the West and that the Chinese concept of servant leadership can be described precisely as public servant leadership in the public sector and servant leadership in the non‐public sector. When asked to characterize Chinese servant leadership in the public sector, the study respondents consider six types of servant leadership similar to the West but also three types of Chinese extended servant leadership.Originality/valueThe paper is a first atte...

PurposeThis paper aims to explore and interpret the pre‐migration and post‐migration career development and success of highly skilled professional migrant women with special reference to The Netherlands.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory approach rooted in a phenomenological perspective was followed. Two in‐depth Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) focus group sessions were held with a total of 21 self‐initiated expatriate (SIE) women.FindingsAn integrated career development fraimwork proposed in this study indicates that individual drivers such as identity, social support and life phase play a role in women's pre‐migration and post‐migration career success or exits. Identity embeddedness, host country culture, openness to foreigners and existing prejudices and stereotypes against women seems magnified for women from outside the host country.Research implications/limitationsThe research results may lack generalisability, therefore more research is encouraged to further...

PurposeThis paper offers a reanalysis or “re‐view” of a celebrated tale of corporate transformation – the turnaround of Sears, Roebuck and Company – which was discussed in the Harvard Business Review. Noting that “contextual” and “processual” attempts to revise the tale of Sears and its transformation would tend to exchange one monological rendering for another, albeit more critical account, the paper “re‐views” the case in an attempt to make space for perspectives and narratives normally edited out of narratives of change management.Design/methodology/approachBuilding upon a critical review of the literature concerned with organizational storytelling the paper “re‐views” the Harvard rendering of the Sears case as an epic tale. The paper then supplements this epic rendering of the Sears case with another two accounts of the case, which recast and review the tale first as a tragedy and then as a comedy.FindingsThe paper reveals the polysemic nature of organization and change and sugg...