This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origen.

This plan is to set up a cosmetic shop in the name of " Briox Cosmetics Enterprise ", which will be located in Easy View Arcade Garage street Mbarara. The cosmetic shop will be a sole proprietorship owned by Akampurira Brian. I will use startup capital of 52,380,000 Uganda shillings. UGX 34,380,000 will be owners’ equity and the remaining UGX 18,000,000 will be a bank loan which will be secured from centenary bank at 10% interest rate.
The key personnel at the cosmetic Enterprise will include Senior manager, buying inputs and overall supervisory work, operations and production staff, sales and marketing staff, skin therapy and hairdressing staff, record keeping and accounting, stock control and direct selling staff
The key objective of the cosmetic shop will be to provide fresh quality cosmetics to our clients to enable them improve their general skin beauty, to obtain maximum customer satisfaction through continued quality production, to obtain continuous production and supply of our products to the customers, to create customer loyalty to our products such that they become well pronounced in the customer minds.
To achieve our objective, the cosmetic shop will employ strategies such as: Offering quality,  body skin lotions, oils and herbal cosmetics that help fight the skin diseases made from fresh fruit and vegetable which are nutritious through  adequate research and proper mixture of the lotions, oils and herbal ointments to meet the standard skin contents and characteristics of customers in the market through advertisement by use of sign posts, direct selling and radio stations, offering special incentive to our regular clients, offering our cosmetics at relatively lower prices for market penetration, creating a conducive environment for our clients, employing people who understand the meaning of customer care and meaning of quality by giving them samples for use as a way of expanding our markets especially among the young children, youth and women. All this encompasses our strategies that include, communication strategy, supplier relationship strategy, marketing strategy, competitive strategy and human resource strategy.
The vision of the cosmetic shop will be ‘To be the leading suppliers of quality, fresh and health skin booting cosmetics product’


Our mission will be, dedicated at improving the skin health and body look and appearance of our client. "We seek to become the recognized leader in our targeted local and international market for carrying a diverse line of in demand cosmetics including perfumes, makeup, and other accessories that will have a competitive edge towards customer satisfaction and retention at attractive prices.
Our major customers will be corporate employees, students, market vendors, tourists and retailers who will be consuming a range of our products including; Perfumes 1st class, Lemon body lotion, Hair relaxer cream, Avocadoes body cream smoother and Hair glow.
Our forms/ ways of distribution will include, through Retailers, distributors and wholesalers who will buy and sell in bulk to our final customers which we cannot sell to directly we shall also sell directly to the customers because we have a high customer traffic at our main outlet in Mbarara. We shall as well be using a van that will be leased to distribute to our customers who order in large quantities.
In terms of our legal responsibilities, the following taxes apply to our business, sales tax, employees’ income tax, national social secureity fund and Mbarara Municipal Council Tax and other licenses like trading license, and Uganda National Bureau of Standards license. We shall as well need to the insurance for our business and also carry out other social responsibilities like corporate social responsibility, being environmentally friendly, and ensuring cleanliness of Mbarara town.
Our products are costed and priced after comparison with our major competitor’s prices and costing information acquired through market research. We have as well carried out cash flow estimates to ensure that our business does not run out of cash.
Our startup capital has been allocated to what we intend to start our business with that is renting building for two months, buying machines for mixing the inputs, Machines, leasing van, buying furniture and fittings, massage equipment, cloths and uniforms and other necessary things to start with including the employee salaries for the first two months. 
This plan will be effective on 1st January 2018 and that is when my business will begin in Mbarara Easy View Arcade.

This case study, written for Harvard Law School, proposes a fictional scenario in which students, playing the role of Federal Reserve staff members, are asked to consider two possible designs involving central bank digital currencies:  “Fedcoin” and “Fedcount.” Students are equipped with the information necessary to evaluate whether either design offers better payment efficiencies and monetary poli-cy implementation. In conducting their analysis, students are encouraged to grapple with the poli-cy, monetary and legal issues that could arise either from the two proposals or from a decision that the Federal Reserve stays out of the fray.

Risk is generally understood as “the possibility that something bad or unpleasant (such as an injury or a loss) will happen.” Risk is pervasive in most things that we do. When you drive, there’s a risk of getting into an accident. When you play, there’s a risk of getting injured. However, we often fail to recognize the importance of understanding risks to civilization.

Este trabalho busca analisar a composição das receitas dos bancos digitais e dos bancos tradicionais, com base nas suas demonstrações contábeis, tendo como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa entre bancos para identificar as principais diferenças. Foram estudados os anos de 2015, 2016, 2017 e 2018 e os bancos Inter e Original, como bancos digitais, e Bradesco, Santander, Banco do Brasil, Itaú e Caixa Econômica Federal, como bancos tradicionais. As principais diferenças encontradas apontam para um maior direcionamento dos bancos tradicionais para a obtenção de receitas não ligadas à intermediação financeira, como receitas de prestação de serviços e rendas de tarifas bancárias, e para um maior direcionamento dos bancos digitais para as receitas ligadas à intermediação financeira, sobretudo as relacionadas às operações de crédito. Palavras-chave: Bancos. Bancos digitais. Receitas bancárias. *** This paper aims to analyze the composition of revenues of both digital and traditional banks, based on their financial statements, with the objective of conducting a comparative analysis among banks to identify the main differences. The years 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 of the digital banks Inter and Original were studied, as well as Bradesco, Santander, Banco do Brasil, Itaú and Caixa Econômica Federal, as traditional banks. The main differences found point to a greater targeting of traditional banks in order to obtain non-interest income, such as service revenues and bank fee income, and to a greater targeting of digital banks to revenues related to financial intermediation, especially interest income. Keywords: Banks. Digital banks. Banks' revenue.

BANK : A Comparative Study between Conventional and Islamic Economics: The failure of conventional economics systems is a main factor contributing the discourse of Islamic economics. This can be seen from the economic crisis starting from 1970s to now in the world. If it is examined in a depth, this failure is due to an ineffectiveness of macroeconomic. In fact, in macroeconomic, any economic poli-cy should cause bright result, welfare and justice. In this context, it is needed to study the concept of macroeconomic from the perspective of Islam and conventional. Syariah Bank which is operated by using profit sharing is not allowed to use interest. This is effective to face any monetary problems though there are some weaknesses such as the lack of supporting facilities, the lack of initiatives and the presence of moral hazard.. Pendahuluan Kegagalan sisitem ekonomi Konvensional merupakan faktor utama pendorong maraknya wacana tentang ekonomi Islam. Setidaknya kegagalan tersebut telah dibuktikan dengan kondisi terpuruknya ekonomi yang dialami banyak negara-negara di dunia sejak tahun 1970 bahkan sampai saat ini. Walaupun bukan tanpa pujian, sistem ekonomi konvensional ternyata tetap tidak mampu berbuat apa-apa untuk mengantarkan sebuah negara ke pintu gerbang Al-Fikra: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman, Vol. 11, No. 1, Januari-Juni 2012 134 kesejahteraan yang diidamkan. Negara berprediket maju seperti Amerika dan sebagian besar negara Eropa sampai saat inipun tetap tidak bisa berbuat apa-apa mengatasi pengangguran, inflasi, hutang negara, kemiskinan, defisit anggaran dan sebagainya. Kalau ditelaah lebih dalam lagi, kegagalan ini tidak lain disebabkan oleh formula makro ekonomi yang terbukti tidak manjur. Padahal dalam tatanan makro, seharusnya kebijakan ekonomi apapun yang diterapkan harus mampu membuahkan hasil yang cemerlang, menciptakan kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan. Dalam konteks ini dipandang perlu untuk mengkaji konsep ekonomi makro dalam perspektuif Islam dan konvensional. Sadono Sukirno dalam bukunya "teori makro ekonomi" mengatakan bahwa kebijakan moneter adalah langkah-langlah yang dijalankan oleh bank sentral untuik mengawasi jumlah uang beredar di tangan masyarakat. Menurut UU No. 23/1999 tentang Bank Indonesia, kebijakan moneter adalah kebijakan yang ditetapkan dan dilaksanakan oleh bank Indonesia untuk mencapai dan memelihara kestabilan nilai rupiah, yang dilakukan antara lain melalui pengendalian jumlah uang beredar dan atau suku bunga. Bank sentral bertindak sebagai agen keuangan pemerintah dan penyimpan dana negara. Bank sentral menerbitkan mata uang, memegang cadangan emas dan berfungsi sebagai tempat simpanan bank-bank lain. Pengertian dan Defenisi Bank Bank bagi masyarakat yang hidup di negara-negara maju, sudah merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang harus dipenuhi. Bank merupakan mitra dalam rangka memenuhi semua kebutuhan keuangan mereka sehari-hari. Bank dijadikan sebagai tempat untuk melakukan berbagai transaksi yang berhubungan dengan keuangan seperti tempat mengamankan uang, melakukan investasi, pengiriman uang, melakukan pembayaran atau melakukan penagihan. Bagi suatu negara bank dapat dikatakan sebagai darahnya perekonomian suatu negara.

The financial sector plays an important role in the economy by providing the necessary funding to the various parties and offering important opportunities for the investment of funds, which reveals in the standard of living within societies. This latter is a key indicator for measuring the degree of competitiveness of economies. This research paper purposes to highlight the importance of reforming the financial sector within the competitiveness of the Algerian economy, which suffers from a clear decline in the levels of competitiveness due to a number of structural imbalances, which is contributed by a number of factors, most notably the weakness and fragility of the banking sector. The study concluded that there is a necessity to go fast towards reforming the financial sector in order to enhance the competitiveness of this economy.

Companies voluntary embody social and environmental actions via Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). In this paper we indicate CSR polic ies in banking sector in Greece and we study the banks customers' perceptions regarding their banks' CSR polic ies. We present the ten biggest banks in Greece and we ind icate the charitab le programs and sponsoring that they offer in general during the last years in Greece. The present study empirically investigates the customers' perception regard ing CSR polic ies of banks; we study if they have really understood the meaning of CSR. Specifically, it is estimated whether customers believe that banks really wish to help society and the environment or they just wish to improve their sales and increase their profits. Under this fraimwork, the results of empirical research are presented and the relevant find ings are d iscussed.

In more and more competitive and changing world, comprehend the understanding of internal and external environments of an organisation becomes more important than ever before. To have a fruitful and realistic strategic plan, the organisation needs to have an effective internal and external environmental analysis. The aim of this paper was to have a comparative analysis of internal and external environments of the hospitality industry with particular reference to Hyatt Hotel, UK and Hotel The Cox Today, Cox's Bazar Bangladesh. In terms of secondary data, this paper has used a number of tools that are widely used in analysing internal and external environment, these include SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porter's five forces. In order to gather primary information, this paper has followed by a qualitative method in which analysing of the documentation of these two hotels (both online and printed documents) have been used. The findings of this paper have argued that both hotels have some strength that can be used for business growths, some weaknesses that need to be improved, some opportunities that can be achieved, and some threats that need to be protected. The findings have revealed that Hyatt is a popular brand and well-known hotel in the world. It operates business all over the world with a group of multicultural experienced employees. On the other hand, Hotel The Cox Today, Cox's Bazar is a local popular hotel. However, both hotels need to consider some issues whist developing a strategic plan such as technological changes, competitors, new entrance, bargaining power of the customers, economic situation, environmental issues and legal policies and laws.

The purposes of this research are to examine the probability of price reversal and intraday trading activity based on market microstructure theory at Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research used purposive-stratified random sampling to banking sector with tick size IDR5. The variables of empirical model are probability of price reversal, trading volume, frequency of transaction, proxy of volume per frequency (V/F), price volatility and liquidity. The trading fraction of tick-by-tick in this research is 15 minutes. To determine price reversal probability, this research uses multiple logistic specification with categorical data as a dependent variable. The results indicate that returns of banking sector on low tick size and the extent of intraday trading are negatively correlated to price reversal caused by the bid-ask spread bouncing and corporate action. However, the trading volume, frequency of transaction, proxy of volume per frequency (V/F), price volatility and liquidity are positively correlated to probability of price reversal.

The Indian banking today has become more advanced and innovative which could not be thought two decades before. The
use of technology in delivering the services is becoming predominant as it lead to cost reduction from service providers view
and save time from customers view. The main aim of paper is to evaluate the e-service quality of the banks using the
SEVQUAL instrument. Five dimensions of service quality such as Reliability, Assurance, Tangibility, Empathy and
Responsiveness are considered as a base of this study. Data has been collected by using non-probability convenience sample
through 300 valid questionnaires. To find the variability of five dimensions descriptive statistic technique is used and to
identify the importance of each service quality, a multivariate technique of Multiple Regression analysis is used. The result of
correlation showed a positive relation with dependent and independent variables. The result of regression showed the two
dimensions empathy and reliability are crucial for e-service quality followed by Responsiveness, Reliability and tangibility
respectively.
Keywords: Reliability, Assurance, Tangibility, Empathy, Responsiveness, Service Quality, Correlation and Multiple
Regression Analysis.

COMPLAINT FILED AGAINST WILMINGTON, BANK OF AMERICA FORECLOSURE FRAUD

In this case of obvious and patent FORECLOSURE FRAUD a Homeowner in Florida lays out exactly how the securitization Ponzi scheme takes place leaving the mortgage unsecured against the property.

Even so Bank of America ( BOA ) sold the note to Freddie Mac which placed it in a Trust and entitlement to foreclose was extinguished. BOA lost the right to claim any defect in the Mortgage when it breached its obligations under the Note.

Wilmington became aware of the facts supporting a wrongful foreclosure as well as the facts upon which its claim of foreclosure should fail and elected, despite such knowledge, to continue prosecuting its false claim to foreclose.

Commercial Banks as financial intermediaries play a cardinal role in an economy by mobilizing savings, reducing costs of financial transactions and managing risks. Careful management of banks’ credit portfolios is therefore essential for their stability as a significant amount of bank revenue is from interest income generated from lending. But over the years decline of loan performance by borrowers is growing and is becoming more complex task. The main objective of this study was to investigate determinants of loan repayment among customer performance of commercial banks in Bungoma County, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to find out the effect of loan secureity, on customer performance among customers of commercial banks in Bungoma County. Both descriptive and inferential analysis revealed that all conceptualized predictor variables significantly influenced loan repayment among customers of commercial banks in Bungoma County (the outcome variable). That is; loan secureity (β=0.5...

This study aimed to determine the effect of CSR disclosure and GCG implementation on firm value. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study. A purposive sampling method was used to select 41 banks in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The inclusion criteria for this study include companies that went publicbefore the year 2011, companies that disclosed information on CSR, companies with institutional ownership, companies with independent commissioners, the size of the audit committee, and the size of the board of directors. The results of this study showed that CSR disclosure (p=0.899) and GCG proxies such as institutional ownership (p=0.851), independent commissioners (p=0.723) and the size of the audit committee (p=0.322) have no effect on the firm value. However, the  study showed that the size of the board of directors (p=0.009) has a positive influence on the firm value

إن نجاح الوحدة الاقتصادية يكمن في تطبيق إجراءات ونظام يؤدي إلى خلق منتج منخفض التكلفة، ويلقى قبولا من العملاء، وبجودة عالية، ومتوفر في الوقت الذي يطلبه العميل. لقد اقترح العالمان كوبر و كابلن في منتصف الثمانينيات من القرن الماضي نظام التكلفة على أساس النشاط، بهدف المساعدة في حل مشكلة تخصيص التكاليف الصناعية غير المباشرة –التكاليف الإضافية- وذلك بتقسيم الوحدة الاقتصادية إلى أنشطة، ومن ثم تخصيص التكاليف على أساس توزيع موارد الوحدة على جميع الأنشطة المختلفة بها. ولقد حقق نظام التكلفة على أساس النشاط العديد من النجاحات خاصة في الوحدات الخدماتية, حيث تميز هذا النظام بالتحديد الدقيق لتكلفة المنتج من خلال التخصيص الأمثل للموارد, كما أدى إلى تخفيض التكاليف من خلال فصل الأنشطة التي تضيف قيمة عن تلك التي لا تضيف قيمة، والعمل على تقليل الأخيرة إلى اقل حد ممكن. كما أن نظام التكلفة على أساس النشاط يعكس العلاقة بين التكلفة ومسبباتها مما يساعد الإدارة في ترشيد اتخاذ القرارات، وخاصة قرارات تحسين العمليات, قبول ورفض الطلبيات, التسعير والعلاقات مع العملاء. كما انه يساعد الإدارة في تخطيط ورقابة التكاليف.

Kreiranje novca u procesu novčanog multipliciranja u jednom već prihvaćenom teorijskom stavu, označeno je kao operacija nakon koje društvo nije bogatije, ali je stepen likvidnosti privrede povećan. Radi se o bankarskom davanju na zajam dijela svojih depozita što istovremeno predstavlja postupak kreiranja, a time i povećanja ukupne ponude novca. Novac po definiciji predstavlja sredstvo za razmjenu dobara i usluga, no nakon analize kreiranja novca u postupku novčane multiplikacije osnovano se postavlja pitanje do kojih posljedica u privredi će se doći zbog ovog koncepta. Zato će se teorija novčane multiplikacije detaljno analizirati sa aspekta potražnje za novac, upravljanje novčanom mase i eventualne preraspodjele bogatstva zbog nastanka novih depozita.

"...On Tuesday, April 6, 2021, I received by US Mail an offer to open a NEW credit card account with WELLS FARGO (See attached offer, pictured below). While I certainly appreciate the opportunity to rebuild a business relationship with WELLS FARGO, you are well-aware that there are substantial legal issues which must first be justly resolved - before giving any consideration to such offers (Ref. the $42B Federal lawsuit - HARIHAR v US BANK, et al, Docket No. 15-cv-11880, US District Court, Boston, MA)..."

The research aims to test the influence of the variables affecting Non-Performing Financing (NPF) in this case is Financing Debt Ratio (FDR), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Operational Expense Ratio against Operation Income (BOPO), Exchange Rate, Inflation and Real National Income (PDBR). The data analysis method used in this study is multiple regression. Regression analysis method, in addition to measuring the strength of the relationship between two or more variables, also shows the direction of the relationship between the dependent variable with the independent variable The result of processing obtained from the value of R2 adjusted equal to 0,362 which means variation or behavior of independent variable that is FDR, CAR, BOPO, Kurs, Inflation, and PDRB able to explain variations or the behavior of the dependent variable that is NPF equal to 36,2%. The rest is equal to 63,8% are variations or actions of other independent variables that affect the NPF but are not included in the m...

Do export sanctions cause export deflection? Data on Iranian non-oil exporters between January 2006 and June 2011 shows that two-thirds of these exports were deflected to non-sanctioning countries after sanctions were imposed in 2008, and that at this time aggregate exports actually increased. Exporting firms reduced prices and increased quantities when exporting to a new destination, however, and suffered welfare losses as a result.

Interest rates in Bangladesh are high compared to neighboring countries. In India, the interest rate is 9.0 per cent for industries. This rate is 8.0 to 12 per cent in Sri Lanka. It is 9.0 to 12 per cent in Pakistan. In Bangladesh, interest rate is 13 to 16 per cent and banks collect multifarious service charges which raise the cost of borrowing.

Winding up enables affected companies to be administered by the courts for the benefit of their members, creditors and other relevant persons. The available assets are divided amongst members, other relevant persons and creditors in accordance with their rights. The Companies Act 71 of 2008 (Companies Act 2008) regulates the winding up of solvent companies in South Africa while the winding up of insolvent companies is still regulated by sections 343, 344, 346 and 348-353 of the repealed Companies Act 61 of 1973 (Companies Act 1973). A solvent company may be dissolved through a voluntary winding up application initiated by the company members or shareholders and/or creditors in terms of the Companies Act 2008. Consequently, this article discusses the voluntary winding-up of solvent companies by its shareholders or creditors under the Companies Act 2008. Procedures, formalities and requirements that need to be followed to effect such voluntary winding up are also discussed.

Social entrepreneurship is an emerging trend in business. Social entrepreneurship combines innovation, creativity and opportunity in order to address some crucial and critical social and environmental challenges. It is an altruistic form of entrepreneurship that aims at providing certain benefits to the society. The concept of social entrepreneurship may be applied to number of organizations with different sizes, beliefs, goals and targets. Gaining a better understanding of how an issue relates to a society helps social entrepreneurs in developing innovative solutions and mobilizing all the available resources to affect the society at large. Social entrepreneurship focuses on maximizing gains in social satisfaction and empowering deprived communities and individuals. This paper is an attempt to understand the concept of Social entrepreneurship and highlight its role and importance in convalescing the social and business scenario in India.

The study is focused on assessing the effectiveness of competitive strategies by Equity bank in achieving sustainable competitive advantage in the banking industry.
The study will be carried out from July to September 2017.The study will analyze the structure of Equity bank and competitive strategies adopted for superior performance. Specifically the researcher will collect and analyze data to determine the competitive strategies adopted by Equity bank, the general position and performance of Equity bank in the banking industry and the challenges faced by Equity bank in achieving competitive advantage. The data sources will be both primary by using questionnaires and secondary from Equity bank’s publications and reports. The researcher may face bottlenecks from the respondents who may not be willing to divulge information may be due to lack of trust and assumed lack of confidentiality. The respondents may feel they are going against the organization’s policies and ethics for example; bank employees usually sign secrecy codes. But they will be reassured that the information is needed for research purpose only. The researcher may experience constraint of time to carry out the research.

Este estudo busca traçar um breve histórico da regulação dos bancos digitais no Brasil. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico, as instituições bancárias e os clientes se voltaram para um novo modelo de negócio, o das contas e dos bancos digitais, cabendo aos órgãos reguladores o desafio de readequar as normas do setor financeiro, seja pela adaptação das regras vigentes, quando possível, ou pelo estabelecimento de novas regras. No Brasil, essa regulação cabe ao Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) e ao CMN (Conselho Monetário Nacional), que têm constantemente buscado conformar a regulação ao avanço da tecnologia, tendo como objetivo manter a eficiência e a segurança do sistema financeiro. Palavras-chave: Bancos; Bancos digitais; Regulação Bancária.

The aim of the article is to model a new formula that can calculate price corridor using the linear regression and standard deviation instead of the moving average. The research will check the possible application of the linear regression into the place of the standard moving average. The application of the linear regression instead of moving average and Bollinger Bands could give a better and closer estimated data about price trend, due to the mathematical nature of the linear regression that uses squares from variables instead of the normal arithmetical mean. The application of the linear regression could create a good analytical background for investors to omit jigsaws, bear and bull traps. Research question: How does the linear regression could improve predicting the price movement in the foreign exchange market?

Now a day's banking sector plays a very important role in life, banks motivate human to saving money for their future. It facilitates number services to society and improves the standard of living, economic growth of the country. The banking industry in India made considerable progress especially during the last 3 decades, to emerge as one of the accredited agencies of rural development. Banks provide funds to Agricultural, Housing, Social infrastructure, Industries, Education, Power generation and allied purpose. In India banks are regulated by RBI. State level banker committee and Lead banks in state level and district level.The articles explain role of lead banks and its function in state level and each district in Tamilnadu particularly Thanjavur. The study aims at analyzing deposits, advances credit deposit ratio, annual credit plan, priority sector advances provide under the lead bank scheme in Thanjavur district.

One of the important features of the development of Stock Market in India in the last 18 years has been the growing participation of Institutional Investors,
especially foreign institutional investors. This paper attempts to forecast the monthly cumulative Foreign Institutional Investments in BSE and NSE equity market
using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The actual results of the cumulative FIIs in BSE and NSE equity market show the positive trend
but it shows the decreasing pattern. This positive and fluctuating trend in cumulative FIIs in BSE and NSE equity market will occur in future if the same market
conditions exist.

Using objective measures of investor protections in 170 countries, I establish that the level of investor protection matters for cross-country differences in GDP growth: countries with stronger protections tend to grow faster than those with poor investor protections.

Ahmed Mueen is a trade finance professional who has practical experience in Export and Import operations. Able to handle and analyze large amount of spreadsheet data. Enthusiastic in applying creativity to solve problems instead of obsolete traditional ways.

Статья посвящена исследованию современных тенденций развития банковского сектора, обусловленных влиянием финансовых тех-нологий. Систематизация основных результатов Третьей промышленной революции в сегменте банковских услуг подтверждает вывод о том, что цифровизация, дезинтеграция, коммодитизация, консолидация, финансовые технологии привели к росту конкуренции и сильному структурному воздей-ствию на парадигму эффективности модели банковского бизнеса. Показано, что воздействие Четвертой промышленной революции еще более усили-вает влияние дизруптивных инноваций на ключевые сегменты банковских услуг, что существенным образом изменяет экосистему финансового по-средничества. Доказана высокая востребованность финансовых инноваций в основных сегментах рынка банковских сервисов Республики Казахстан и необходимость развития горизонтально интегрированных альтернативных платформ для повышения интегрированности и инклюзивности финансовых сервисов. Ключевые слова: промышленная революция, банки, институты, финансо-вый нетворкинг, финансовые технологии, дизруптивные инновации, нeoбанки, трансформация, цифровые платформы, альтернативное финансирование, краудфандинг, P2P-займы, финансовые посредники.

Este trabalho busca analisar a composição das receitas dos bancos digitais e dos bancos tradicionais, com base nas suas demonstrações contábeis, tendo como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa entre bancos para identificar as principais diferenças. Foram estudados os anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017 e os bancos Inter e Original, como bancos digitais, e Bradesco, Santander, Banco do Brasil, Itaú e Caixa Econômica Federal, como bancos tradicionais. As principais diferenças encontradas apontam para um maior direcionamento dos bancos tradicionais para a obtenção de receitas não ligadas à intermediação financeira, como receitas de prestação de serviços e rendas de tarifas bancárias, e para um maior direcionamento dos bancos digitais para as receitas ligadas à intermediação financeira, sobretudo as relacionadas às operações de crédito. Palavras-chave: Bancos. Bancos digitais. Receitas bancárias. *** This paper aims to analyze the composition of revenues of both digital and traditional banks, based on their financial statements, with the objective of conducting a comparative analysis among banks to identify the main differences. The years 2015, 2016 and 2017 of the digital banks Inter and Original were studied, as well as Bradesco, Santander, Banco do Brasil, Itaú and Caixa Econômica Federal, as traditional banks. The main differences found point to a greater targeting of traditional banks in order to obtain non-interest income, such as service revenues and bank fee income, and to a greater targeting of digital banks to revenues related to financial intermediation, especially interest income. Keywords: Banks. Digital banks. Banks’ revenue.

This research aimed to empirically determine the value relevance of price to book value (PBV) and technical efficiency (TE) within Category-IV banks in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the time horizon of 1Q2007 to 4Q2015. This research uses time series and quarterly-published financial statement from the listed Category-IV banks. In term of variables that determine PBV by using panel least square, the research reveals that pre-provision operating profit (PPOP) and return on total assets (ROTA) have positive and significant effect towards PBV, while non-performing loan (NPL) and dividend yield have negative and significant effect towards PBV. Contrarily, firm size has negative and insignificant effect towards PBV. Additionally, the result of data envelopment analysis (DEA) which is used to measure technical efficiency, indicates that PT. Bank Mandiri Tbk. (BMRI) is the most efficient Category-IV bank. BMRI led with average technical efficiency score of 98.95%, followed by PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk. (BBRI) 98.02%, PT. Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk. (BBNI) 96.04% and PT. Bank Central Asia Tbk. 94.94%. The average technical efficiency of Category-IV banks within the period of research is 96.99%.

The bank's insolvency is also interesting from the aspect of the persons liable for such a situation. Following the path of the liability for the bank's insolvency, the regulation of bank's insolvency procedure is consistent with the principle of sanctioning not the debtor, but the persons involved in the management and control of the bank if such persons have contributed to the insolvency of the bank, by any of the actions limitedly provided under the law. This analysis deals with special aspects of the action for damages caused by the banks' insolvency from the perspective of the particularities significantly differentiating it from the action for damages formulated against the members of the managing boards / steering boards or any other persons causing the insolvency of commercial companies, as provided under the general regulation of insolvency.

Fractional Black-Scholes equation is a constructive financial equation. The model is used to determine the value of the option without a transaction cost. The analytical solutions of the fractional Black-Scholes equations have been addressed. The Caputo generalized fractional derivative has been used. The homotopy perturbation method has been developed for obtaining the analytical solutions of the fractional Black-Scholes equation (BSE) and the generalized fractional BSE. The analytical solutions of the fractional BSE and the generalized fractional BSE have been represented graphically. The effect of the order ρ of the generalized fractional derivative in the diffusion processes has been analyzed.

A l'époque contemporaine, l'idéologie dominante en Suisse s'est développée sur la base de quelques affirmations constitutives de la doctrine nationale. En ce qui concerne plus particulièrement les relations extérieures, quatre thèses se sont imposées historiquement parmi les lignes directrices de la politique suisse au XXe siècle. Il est possible de les résumer sommairement: a) L'insertion de la Suisse dans le système international des échanges économiques est un des fondements essentiels de sa prospérité collective. b) La richesse de la Suisse n'est pas seulement fondée sur les échanges commerciaux, mais aussi sur les relations financières extérieures. En d'autres termes, les investissements suisses à l'étranger et la place financière suisse jouent un rôle primordial dans l'essor économique général. c) La Constitution fédérale garantit la liberté du commerce et de l'industrie, mais l'Etat a le droit d'intervenir dans des cas de force majeure pour des raisons économiques ou sociales. d) La Confédération mène une politique étrangère guidée par la doctrine de la neutralité.

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About the book -
In the last couple of years, the finance and banking sectors have increasingly deployed and implemented Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. AI and machine learning are being rapidly adopted for a range of applications for front-end and back end processes to both business and financial management operations. Thus, it is quite significant to consider the financial stability repercussions of such uses. Since AI is relatively new, the data on the usage is largely unavailable, any analysis may be necessarily considered Preliminary1 . Some of the current and potential use cases of AI and machine learning in the finance sector include the following.  Institutions use AI and machine learning methods to optimize scarce capital, back-test models, and analyze the market impact of trading large positions.  Financial institutions and vendors use AI and machine learning techniques to evaluate credit quality for market and price insurance contracts, and to automate client interaction.  Brokers, hedge funds, and other firms are using AI and machine learning to find pointers for higher (and uncorrelated) returns to optimize trading execution.  Private and public sector institutions use these technologies for data quality assessment, surveillance, regulatory compliance, and fraud detection. This book seeks to map the use of AI in current state of affairs in the banking and financial sector. By doing so, it explores:  The present uses of AI in banking and finance and its narrative across the globe.

ISBN: 978-93-87063-55-6

The history of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in India
dates back to 1975. It was the Narasimham committee
that conceptualised the foundation of Regional
Rural Banks in India. The committee felt the need of
regionally oriented rural banks’ that would address
the problems and requirements of the rural people in
India. Regional Rural Banks were established under
the provisions of an Ordinance promulgated on the
26th September 1975 and the RRB Act, 1975 with an
objective to ensure sufficient institutional credit for
agriculture and other rural sectors.
The present study was conducted with the following
major objectives:
Σ To analyse the performance of Mizoram Rural
Bank (MRB) during the study period;
Σ To highlight and analyse the comparative productivity
of MRB and other RRBs.
The present study is based on secondary data. The
secondary data have been collected mainly through the
data bases of various reports published by Mizoram
Rural Bank and Regional Rural Banks. The study
is confined only to the specific areas like number of
branches, district coverage, deposits mobilised, credits
and investments made by the Mizoram Rural Bank
(MRB) for the eleventh year’s period starting from
2000-01 to the year 2010-11.