Papers by Danielle Ayyash
Impact of sporadic reporting of poultry Salmonella serovars from selected developing countries
Evaluation of an Echinacea-based anti-coccidial preparation against different Eimeria spp. in bro... more Evaluation of an Echinacea-based anti-coccidial preparation against different Eimeria spp. in broilers The aim of this thesis is to evaluate an Echinacea-based anti-coccidial preparation against different Eimeria spp. in broilers.The thesis is divided into three parts namely, Study A, B and C. Study A aimed at establishing a base-line data on intestinal pathogenesis in broilers with a controlled challenge by eight Eimeria spp., administered at different ages of 14, 21, 28, and 35 days old. A possible success in reproducing pathogenesis of Eimeria spp. infection in broilers by the implemented experimental design could help in evaluating the Echinacea-based preparation (EBP) in Studies B and C aiming at reducing mortality, feed conversion, lesion score, oocyst counts and improving the percent weight gain. viii In conclusion, Kock's posulate to reproduce coccidiosis in broilers was achieved in Study A. In Study B, continous adminstration of EBP for the first 21d. of bird's age proved to have a negative effect on performance and we recommended in Study C intermittent adminstration of EBP that had an immunomodulatory effect and protection against Eimeria spp. alone or co-infected with Cl. perfringens, associated with improved performance especially at 14d. of the bird's age.
The purpose of this research is to establish a model of Koch’s postulate for reproducing coccidio... more The purpose of this research is to establish a model of Koch’s postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp. involved in this economic disease, in an attempt to use this model in future evaluation of new controlling biologics. Four groups of broilers each challenged at a different age (14, 21, 28, and 35 d) with an equivalent number of sporulated oocysts of eight Eimeria spp. had a reduction in their mean weight gain of 10.2% compared to the four parallel control groups of birds that were deprived of the challenge. The mean feed to live body Koch’s Postulate in Reproduction of Broiler Coccidiosis by Co-infection with Eight Most Common Eimeria spp.: a Model for Future Evaluation of New Biologics Elie K. Barbour1,* Danielle B. Ayyash2 Houssam Shaib2 Robert R. Bragg3 Esam Azhar4 Archana Iyer5 Steve Harakeh4 Zakaria Kambris6 Taha Kumosani5 1Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Americ...
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2015
This review documents the sporadic reporting of poultry Salmonella serovars in South Africa, Egyp... more This review documents the sporadic reporting of poultry Salmonella serovars in South Africa, Egypt, Indonesia, India, and Romania, five countries selected based on the importance of their distribution in different regions of the world and their cumulative significant population size of 1.6 billion. South Africa reported contamination of its poultry carcasses by S. Hadar, S. Blockley, S. Irumu, and S. Anatum. Results from Egypt showed that S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were predominant in poultry along with other non-typhoid strains, namely S. Infantis, S. Kentucky, S. Tsevie, S. Chiredzi, and S. Heidelberg. In Indonesia, the isolation of Salmonella Typhi was the main focus, while other serovars included S. Kentucky, S. Typhimurium, and S. Paratyhi C. In India, S. Bareilly was predominant compared to S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Paratyphi B, S. Cerro, S. Mbandaka, S. Molade, S. Kottbus, and S. Gallinarum. Romania reported two Salmonella serovars in poultry that affect humans, namely S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, and other non-typhoid strains including S. Infantis, S. Derby, S. Colindale, S. Rissen, S. Ruzizi, S. Virchow, S. Brandenburg, S. Bredeney, S. Muenchen, S. Kortrijk, and S. Calabar. The results showed the spread of different serovars of Salmonella in those five developing countries, which is alarming and emphasizes the urgent need for the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network (WHO-GFN) to expand its activities to include more strategic participation and partnership with most developing countries in order to protect poultry and humans from the serious health impact of salmonellosis.
The classical and the most commonly used approach for the prevention of coccidiosis in chickens i... more The classical and the most commonly used approach for the prevention of coccidiosis in chickens is the incorporation of synthetic coccidiostats into their feed during the first weeks of their life. This approach has been challenged by consumers, objecting against residual antimicrobials and drug resistant microorganisms that may contaminate poultry products. Moreover, the coccidiostat application approach has been challenged in the last decade by the emerging regulations in the developed world, targeting the cessation of such a practice. The pressures from the consumers as well as from regulation agencies resulted in a great need for alternative methods to reduce, or completely replace the use of coccidiostats in modern chicken production. This replacement requires seeking for safer products that do not have any negative impact on the consumer's health. Such products are very much in demand, especially in organic poultry farming. The purpose of this review is to present approaches for the replacement of coccidiostat application in chickens through improvements in poultry house management, research in vaccine developments, and application of holistic natural products for the prevention of the economic losses resulting from coccidiosis.
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2015
This review documents the sporadic reporting of poultry Salmonella serovars in South Africa, Egyp... more This review documents the sporadic reporting of poultry Salmonella serovars in South Africa, Egypt, Indonesia, India, and Romania, five countries selected based on the importance of their distribution in different regions of the world and their cumulative significant population size of 1.6 billion. South Africa reported contamination of its poultry carcasses by S. Hadar, S. Blockley, S. Irumu, and S. Anatum. Results from Egypt showed that S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were predominant in poultry along with other non-typhoid strains, namely S. Infantis, S. Kentucky, S. Tsevie, S. Chiredzi, and S. Heidelberg. In Indonesia, the isolation of Salmonella Typhi was the main focus, while other serovars included S. Kentucky, S. Typhimurium, and S. Paratyhi C. In India, S. Bareilly was predominant compared to S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Paratyphi B, S. Cerro, S. Mbandaka, S. Molade, S. Kottbus, and S. Gallinarum. Romania reported two Salmonella serovars in poultry that affect humans, namely S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, and other non-typhoid strains including S. Infantis, S. Derby, S. Colindale, S. Rissen, S. Ruzizi, S. Virchow, S. Brandenburg, S. Bredeney, S. Muenchen, S. Kortrijk, and S. Calabar. The results showed the spread of different serovars of Salmonella in those five developing countries, which is alarming and emphasizes the urgent need for the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network (WHO-GFN) to expand its activities to include more strategic participation and partnership with most developing countries in order to protect poultry and humans from the serious health impact of salmonellosis.
The purpose of this research is to establish a model of Koch's postulate for reproducing coccidio... more The purpose of this research is to establish a model of Koch's postulate for reproducing coccidiosis in broilers by co-infection with eight most common Eimeria spp. involved in this economic disease, in an attempt to use this model in future evaluation of new controlling biologics. Four groups of broilers each challenged at a different age (14, 21, 28, and 35 d) with an equivalent number of sporulated oocysts of eight Eimeria spp. had a reduction in their mean weight gain of 10.2% compared to the four parallel control groups of birds that were deprived of the challenge. The mean feed to live body
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Papers by Danielle Ayyash