en

See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English English.

Symbol

en

(international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for English.

English

Etymology 1

Abbreviation.

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈɛn/, /ˈiː.ɛn/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Audio (Southern England): (file)

Noun

en

Abbreviation of English.

Etymology 2

The name of the letter comes from Latin en. The typographic sense dates to 1793.

Pronunciation

(UK, US) enPR: ĕn, IPA^(key): /ˈɛn/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
Rhymes: -ɛn
- (pin–pen merger) IPA^(key): /ɪn/
- Homophones: in, inn

Noun

en (plural ens)

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.
The ems and ens at the beginnings and ends.
- 1773 October, The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged:
  The word length, which contains only four sounds l e ng th, is usually spell'd thus, el ee en gee tee aitch.
- 2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:
  I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.
(typography) A unit of measurement equal to half an em (half the height of the type in use).

Derived terms

(letter):

enby

(typography, printing):

Translations

See en/translations § Noun.

Etymology 3

From French.

Pronunciation

(imitating the French pronunciation) IPA^(key): [ɑ̃], [õ]
(anglicised) IPA^(key): /ɒn/, /ɑn/
Audio (Southern England): (file)

Preposition

en

Used in various phrases borrowed from French or formed as if borrowed from French (see "Derived terms" below).

Derived terms

Etymology 4

From Old English hine.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/
Audio (Southern England): (file)

Pronoun

en

(dialectal, Newfoundland) him
- 1895, Thomas Hardy, A Pair of Blue Eyes‎^[2], page 236:
  Such a strappen fine gentleman as he was, too. Yes, I rather like en sometimes.
(dialectal, Newfoundland) it (when the thing being referred to is masculine)

Etymology 5

Noun

en (plural ens)

The name of the Cyrillic script letter Н / н.

Anagrams

nê, né, Ne., ne, -ne-, NE, ne., -ne

Afar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈen/ [ˈʔɛn]

Verb

én

(intransitive) be, exist

Conjugation

Conjugation of en (highly irregular)
		1st singular	2nd singular	3rd singular		1st plural	2nd plural	3rd plural
		1st singular	2nd singular	m	f	1st plural	2nd plural	3rd plural
perfective	V-affirmative	enéh	tenéh	yenéh	tenéh	nenéh	teneeníh	yeneeníh
	N-affirmative	én	tén	yén	tén	nén	tenén	yenén
	negative	mánanniyo	mánannito	mánanna	mánanna	mánannino	mánanniton	mánannon
imperfective (I)	V-affirmative	aníh	taníh	yaníh	taníh	naníh	taniiníh	yaniiníh
	N-affirmative	án	tán	yán	tán	nán	tanín	yanín
	negative	máan	mátan	máyan	mátan	mánan	mátanin	máyanin
imperfective (II)	V-affirmative	aniyóh	tanitóh	yaníh	taníh	naninóh	tanitoonúh	yaniiníh
imperfective (II)	N-affirmative	aniyó	tanitó	yán	tán	naninó	tanitón	yanín

References

E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 283
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/
Audio: (file)

(unstressed) IPA^(key): /ən/

Conjunction

en

and
Ek sit en drink koeldrank ― I sit and drink a cold drink.
well
En? ― well?

See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

Ainu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [e̞n]

Pronoun

en= (Kana spelling エン)

me (first-person singular object pronoun)

Alemannic German

Etymology

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos. Cognate with German ein, German Low German en, ein, Dutch een, English one, Icelandic einn, Swedish en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/

Article

en

(indefinite) a, an
- 1835, Jakob Stutz, Gemälde aus dem Volksleben nach der Natur aufgenommen und treu dargestellt in gereimten Gesprächen Zürcherischer Mundart, first part, 2nd ed., pp. 27, 49, 97, 109:
  - Ih wött dih jetz nu duße möge-n-
    Auh noh en einzigs Wörtli fröge.
  - [...] as en einzigs Mol, [...]
  - Denn ist er si Lebtig e stills Büebli gsi.
  - Aber es wot e chüels Windli goh.
- 1864, J. C. Ott, Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 53, 57:
  - „„Nu, wenn i öppis by d'r gilte,““
    Seit Franz, – „„so mach en End myr Qual!
    [...]““
  - „[...]
    O, schenk-mer, Herr, es gnädig's End,
    Nimm uf my Geist i dyni Händ!“
- 1864, J. C. Ott, Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 43, 76, 106, 186:
  - E Mezgerbursch i syne schönste Jahre
    Mit rothe Backe, schwarze, chruse Haare,
    Chunt spät am Aabe ganz allei
    Vom Erlebacher-Märit hei.
  - Im Berner Alpeg'länd sitzt vor sym chlyne Hüsi
    [...]
    En alte Veteran vom Cheiserrych
    Na Dörflerg'wohnheit i d'r Gartenlaube.
  - [...] Da villicht en alte Jud, [...]
  - En Ehrebrecher isch sy Kamerad, [...]
- Joh. Schönauer, Beschreibung miner Heimat, in: 1876, Volksthümliches aus dem Kanton Bern. Localsagen und Satzungen des Aberglaubens. Gesammelt von Heinrich Grunholzer durch seine Seminarzöglinge. Zusammengestellt und herausgegeben von J. E. Rothenbach. Separat-Abdruck aus der „Neuen Alpenpost“, p. 5:
  Vor zwei Jahra ist z' Höchstetta, das 20 Minuta vo Zäziwyl ist, emene Länder-Güterfuhrma der Waga verbrönnt worda.

Declension

Zürich:

	Singular
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	en	e	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)
Dative	eme	ene	eme
Accusative	en	e	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)

Bern:

	Singular
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	es (before a consonant)
Dative	emene
Accusative	e (before a consonant)	e (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)	es (before a consonant) en (before a vowel)

Asturian

Alternative forms

in (Paḷḷuezu)

Etymology

From Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/, [ẽŋ]

Preposition

en

in
(+ gerund) after
En comiendo, voi marchar
After eating, I'll leave

Usage notes

The preposition en contracts to n' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: n'Asturies (in Asturias), n'honor (in honor)

Derived terms

Aukan

Etymology

From English and.

Noun

en

and

Australian Kriol

Etymology

From English and.

Conjunction

en

and

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *ēn.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [en]
Audio (Baku): (file)

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural enlər)

width
Synonym: genişlik

Declension

Declension of en
	singular	plural
nominative	en	enlər
definite accusative	eni	enləri
dative	enə	enlərə
locative	endə	enlərdə
ablative	endən	enlərdən
definite genitive	enin	enlərin

Possessive forms of en
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enim	enlərim
sənin (“your”)	enin	enlərin
onun (“his/her/its”)	eni	enləri
bizim (“our”)	enimiz	enlərimiz
sizin (“your”)	eniniz	enləriniz
onların (“their”)	eni or enləri	enləri
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimi	enlərimi
sənin (“your”)	enini	enlərini
onun (“his/her/its”)	enini	enlərini
bizim (“our”)	enimizi	enlərimizi
sizin (“your”)	eninizi	enlərinizi
onların (“their”)	enini or enlərini	enlərini
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimə	enlərimə
sənin (“your”)	eninə	enlərinə
onun (“his/her/its”)	eninə	enlərinə
bizim (“our”)	enimizə	enlərimizə
sizin (“your”)	eninizə	enlərinizə
onların (“their”)	eninə or enlərinə	enlərinə
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimdə	enlərimdə
sənin (“your”)	enində	enlərində
onun (“his/her/its”)	enində	enlərində
bizim (“our”)	enimizdə	enlərimizdə
sizin (“your”)	eninizdə	enlərinizdə
onların (“their”)	enində or enlərində	enlərində
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimdən	enlərimdən
sənin (“your”)	enindən	enlərindən
onun (“his/her/its”)	enindən	enlərindən
bizim (“our”)	enimizdən	enlərimizdən
sizin (“your”)	eninizdən	enlərinizdən
onların (“their”)	enindən or enlərindən	enlərindən
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	enimin	enlərimin
sənin (“your”)	eninin	enlərinin
onun (“his/her/its”)	eninin	enlərinin
bizim (“our”)	enimizin	enlərimizin
sizin (“your”)	eninizin	enlərinizin
onların (“their”)	eninin or enlərinin	enlərinin

Derived terms

en dairəsi (“latitude”)

References

^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ēn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

“en” in Obastan.com.

Breton

Contraction

en

e (preposition "in") + un (indefinite article "a(n)")
e (preposition "in") + an (definite article "the")

Catalan

Etymology 1

From the final syllable of Latin domine (“Mister”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ən]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [en]

Article

en m sg (elided n', feminine na)

(Eastern) Personal article used before masculine given names instead of the definite article el.
En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.
Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.

Usage notes

While this article (and its feminine counterpart na) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article els is used in all dialects.

Derived terms

can (contraction of ca and ne)

Etymology 2

From Latin in (“in, inside”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ən]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [en]

Preposition

en

in

Etymology 3

Inherited from Latin inde (“thence”). Compare French en, Italian ne.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ən]
IPA^(key): (Valencia) [en]

Pronoun

en (proclitic, contracted n', enclitic ne, contracted enclitic 'n)

Represents an indeterminate number or quantity of a given noun.
Represents a place (associated with the action described by the verb) that would be introduced by the preposition de.
Replaces a phrase introduced by the preposition de.
Replaces the object of a causative verb.

Usage notes

en cannot be used more than once as the object of a given verb.
While en is usually used to replace phrases beginning with the preposition de, adverbial phrases (e.g., de pressa) are replaced with hi.
en is sometimes used instead of ho to replace an adjective or indefinite noun as the predicate of a verb.
en is sometimes used popularly to add emphasis to a sentence: in this sense, it has no translation in English.
en is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a consonant.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi³	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal¹	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal²	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal²	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
¹⁾ Behaves grammatically as plural. ²⁾ Behaves grammatically as third person.			³⁾ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴⁾ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈen]

Noun

en f (plural ens)

(traditional) Alternative form of ena (“the letter N”)

Central Franconian

Etymology 1

From Old High German in.

Alternative forms

on, ön (Eifel)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Preposition

en

(most dialects) in; into

Adverb

en

(most dialects) in

Etymology 2

From Old High German indi.

Alternative forms

on, un (predominant)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Conjunction

en

(some western dialects) and

Etymology 3

From Old High German ein.

Alternative forms

e (neuter and in some dialects masculine, before non-dental consonants)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/

Article

en (indefinite)

(most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
(most dialects) neuter nominative and accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
(some dialects) masculine nominative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
(some dialects) masculine accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/

Pronoun

en (personal, reduced)

(most dialects) him; masculine accusative
(some dialects) he; masculine nominative
(most dialects) them; plural dative

Chamorro

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Pronoun

en

ye, you (plural)

Usage notes

en is used as a subject of a transitive verb in realis mood, and as a subject with all verbs in irrealis mood. It is in complementary distribution with hamyo, which is generally used as an object of a transitive verb, and also as a subject of an intransitive verb in realis mood.

References

Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar‎^[4], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Chuukese

Pronoun

en

Second-person singular pronoun; you

Determiner

en (plural ekkan)

this (not in possession of the speaker)

Cimbrian

Pronoun

en

Alternative form of in (“him”)

Crimean Tatar

Noun

en

width

Czech

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɛn]

Noun

en n (indeclinable)

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

in

Etymology

From Latin in.

Preposition

en

in

Related terms

nel, nei, nela

Danish

**Danish cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : en Ordinal : første

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/, [en], (stressed) [ˈeːˀn]

Article

en (neuter et)

a, an

Numeral

en (neuter et)

one

Pronoun

en or én (neuter et or ét, definite ene)

one

Usage notes

Used as the oblique form of the generic pronoun man:^[1]
Hvis ens lærer behandler en uretfærdigt, kan man klage til skolens leder
If one's teacher treats one unfairly, one can complain to the head of the school

References

^ Erik Hansen & Lars Hedtoft, Grammatik over det Danske Sprog (Odense 2011), vol. 2, 557.

Dutch

Pronunciation

(stressed) IPA^(key): /ɛn/
(unstressed) IPA^(key): /ən/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: en
Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ende, from Old Dutch ande, inde, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

Conjunction

en

and
De oude man en de zee. ― The Old Man and the Sea.
well, so
En, hoe gaat het ermee? ― Well, how're you doing?

En? ― Well?

En, wat zou dat? ― So what?
(mathematics) plus, and
Synonym: plus

Drie en vier is zeven. ― Three plus four is seven.

Alternative forms

ende (archaic)

Derived terms

Descendants

Afrikaans: en
Berbice Creole Dutch: an
Jersey Dutch: en
Negerhollands: en, an
Petjo: en
Sranan Tongo: èn

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.

Adverb

en

(colloquial or dialectal in Belgium, obsolete elsewhere) not (often with another negator, see usage notes)
- 1544, "Van proper Janneken" (song 123), in Dieuwke E. van der Poel, Dirk Geirnaert, Hermina Joldersma, J.B. Oosterman & Louis Peter Grijp (eds.) Het Antwerps liedboek, vol. 1, Lannoo (publ. 2004), page 283.
  Schoon soete lief, waert u bequame / Dat ghi mi gaeft een troostelijc woort, / Ic en soude certeyn geen ander boelken kiesen, / Al sout mi oock aen mijn leven gaen.
  Beautiful sweet darling, if it were pleasing to you / that you gave me a word of consolation, / I would certainly choose no other girlfriend, / even if it were to put my life at risk.
- 1632, Jacob Cats, Spiegel van den ouden ende nieuwen tijt, bestaende uyt spreeckwoorden ende sinspreucken, "Een rotten appel in de mande, maeckt oock het gave fruyt te schande.", in J. van Vloten (ed.), Alle de werken, vol. 1, 1862, page 649.
  Daer magh geen rotte peer in onse manden wesen, / En wat'er niet en deught, dat dient'er uyt gelesen;
  There should not be any rotten pear in our baskets, / and what is not of decent quality, that ought be taken out of it;
- "Herr Halewyn", A.H. Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Horae Belgicae, page 41.
  ‘Uw zoon heer Halewyn is gaen jagen, / g’ en ziet hem weêr uw levens dagen.’
  'Your son Lord Halewyn has gone hunting / you won't see him again for the rest of your life.'
- c. 1860, Guido Gezelle, Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan:
  Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan: / 't en zal! / dat 't waalsch gezwets zal boven slaan: / 't en zal!
  You say that Flemish will go extinct: / no, it won't! / That Walloon banter [i.e. Belgian French, not the Walloon language] will gain the upper hand: / No, it won't!
...dat aldaer binnen Utrecht niet meer geacht ende respecteert en wordt, ... ― that in Utrecht is no longer valued and respected...
(obsolete) only, merely, no other than, none other than (together with maar)

Usage notes

In historical usage, en is always used directly before the finite verb. When used to negate it is commonly accompanied by another negator: gij en zult niet stelen (“thou shalt not steal”), en wat er niet en deugt (“and what is not of decent quality”), ik en zoude certein geen ander boelken kiezen (“I would certainly not choose another girlfriend”). Also when used as a stand-alone negator or when combined with maar, it still stands directly before the finite verb. Use of the particle does not trigger a change in the word order.
In Belgian Dutch it is still sometimes used in certain regional lects and in the tussentaal (“informal registers influenced by both Standard Belgian Dutch and the regional lects”). Details and frequency of use depend on what regional language variety influences a given speaker's idiom, as well as on the speaker's preferences.
- In West Flemish usage broadly conforms to historical use: the negation particle may be used along with other negators, independentely or it may be omitted. It is also used as a stand-alone negator to contradict a previous statement that was phrased with positive polarity: Gij zegt dat 't Vlaams te niet zal gaan: / 't en zal! (“You say that Flemish will go extinct: / no, it won't!”)
- In Belgian Brabantian it is frequently omitted, but it may also be used directly before another negator rather than before the finite verb: en niet.
In contemporary Netherlands Dutch the use of the particle is limited to old proverbs, such as wat baten kaars en bril als de uil niet zien en wil.

Anagrams

ne

Esperanto

Etymology

Primarily from French en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [en]
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: en

Preposition

en

in, within, inside
Ĝi estas en la domo. ― It is in (within, inside) the house.
into (when followed by a noun or phrase in the accusative case)
Li iras en la domon. ― He goes into the house.

Derived terms

ene

Fala

Alternative forms

in (Valverdeñu)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese en, from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

Preposition

en

in
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 2: Númerus:
  Cumu to é custión de proporciós, sin que sirva de argumentu por nun fel falta, poemus vel que en a misma Europa hai Estaus Soberarius con menus territoriu que os tres lugaris nossus, cumu: […]
  As everything is a matter of proportions, without its presence being an argument, we can see that even in Europe there are Sovereign States with less territory than our three places, such as: […]

Usage notes

When followed by the articles u/o, a, us/os, as; it contracts to nu/no, na, nus/nos, nas respectively.
The form in is more common in Valverdeñu.

References

Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[5], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Finnish

Etymology

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
Rhymes: -en
Hyphenation^(key): en

Verb

en

first-person singular indicative of ei

Anagrams

-ne, -ne-, ne

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑ̃/, (before a vowel) /ɑ̃.n‿/
Audio: (file)
Homophones: an, ans
Rhymes: -ɑ̃

Etymology 1

From Middle French en, from Old French en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Preposition

en

in (used to indicate space, also see usage notes)
J’habite en Angleterre. ― I live in England.
to (indicates direction towards certain very large locations, see usage notes)
Il est allé en France. ― He went to France.
by (used to indicate means)
aller en bus ― go by bus

partir en voiture ― leave by car
as
Il me traite en ami. ― He treats me as a friend.

habillé en père Noël ― dressed as Father Christmas
at (used to describe an ability)
fort en histoire ― good at history
of, made of (used to describe composition)
une chaise en hêtre ― a chair made of beech/a beech chair

une fourchette en métal ― a fork made of metal/a metal fork
in (during the following time (used for months and years))
en 1993 ― in 1993

en janvier ― in January

en septembre 2001 ― in September 2001
(followed by a gerund) while
(followed by a gerund) by, in (describing a way of getting something)
C’est en trichant qu’il est devenu champion. ― It was by cheating that he became champion.
in (used to describe color)
une photo en noir et blanc ― a photo in black and white
in (used to describe feelings)
en détresse ― in distress
in (as part of something)
en équipe ― on a team

Usage notes

En in the sense of while is often not translated into English.
When referring to location in countries, provinces, or similar subdivisions in sense 1 and direction in sense 2, en must be used when the name for that very large location is either a feminine singular noun or a vowel-initial masculine singular noun. If the name for the very large location is a consonant-initial masculine singular noun, au is used, while if the name of the very large location is plural, aux is used.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Latin inde (“thence”). Compare Catalan en, Italian ne.

Pronoun

en

Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity; of it, of them. Replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)
Essaies-en !
Try some (of it / them)!

Tu as combien de livres ? J’en ai trois.
How many books do you have? I have three (of them).

Y a-t-il beaucoup de pièces ? Oui. Il y en a beaucoup.
Are there many rooms? Yes, there are many (of them).

Martin a trois sandwichs, mais j’en ai seulement deux.
Martin has three sandwiches, but I have only two (of them).

Il y en a combien ?
How many of them are there?

Je bois de l’alcool parce que j’en ai besoin
I drink alcohol because I need it.
- 1654, Blaise Pascal, Traité du triangle arithmétique :
  J'en donnerai ici la méthode, que je poursuivrai seulement en deux ou trois exemples, qui seront si aisés à continuer qu'il ne sera pas nécessaire d'en donner davantage.
  I shall give (of it) here the method that I shall pursue only in two or three examples, which will be so easy to continue that it will not be necessary to give more of them.
Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already mentioned; from there, from it. Replaces the phrase de là or d’ici.
Est-ce qu’elle vient de Barcelone ? Oui, elle en vient.
Does she come from Barcelona? Yes, she comes from there.

Related terms

French personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)	Disjunctive (tonic)
Singular	First	—	je, j’	me, m’		—	—	moi
	Second	—	tu	te, t’		—	—	toi
	Third	Masculine	il	le, l’	lui	y	en	lui
		Feminine	elle	la, l’	lui	y	en	elle
		Indeterminate	on¹	—	—	—	—	—
		Reflexive	—	se, s’⁴		—	—	soi⁴
Plural	First	—	nous	nous		—	—	nous
	Second	—	vous²	vous²^,3		—	—	vous²
	Third	Masculine	ils³	les	leur	y	en	eux³
	Third	Feminine	elles	les	leur	y	en	elles

¹ Also used as the first person plural.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

³ Also used when a group has both men and women.

⁴ Also used as third person plural reflexive.

Anagrams

N.-É., NE, NÉ, ne, né

Fula

Pronoun

en

first person plural inclusive pronoun;short form we

Usage notes

Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

References

Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.
Ritsuko Miyamoto (1993) “A Study of Fula Dialects : Examining the Continuous/Stative Constructions”, in Senri Ethnological Studies‎^[6], volume 35, →DOI, pages 215-230

Gagauz

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jen/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish اَكْ (äŋ), from Proto-Turkic *eŋ. Compare Turkish en, Azerbaijani ən.

Adverb

en

used to make superlatives from the following adjective or adverb, most, -est.
en ii
the best

en gözäl kız
the prettiest girl

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural enlär)

sleeve, cuff

References

Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 30
Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 61
N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “en”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 176

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eŋ/

Preposition

en

in
when preceding a verb or a complement of a verb it can denote an unfinished or continued action:
O Manuel vai na casa ― Manuel went home (implying that eventually he'll be back)

María beberrica no licor ― María is sipping the liquor
- 1822, anonymous author, A Parola Polêteca:
  En escoitalo, señor tio Calacú, xà o peléxo do meu corpo tembra. Sei que á tanta agua que acarrexóu amolentoulle os miolos, é por eso louquéa
  While listening to you, my sir uncle Pumpkin, my body's skin trembles. Perhaps the much water you have carried softened you brain, and therefore you are going insane
- 1853, Xosé Manuel Pintos, A Gaita Gallega:
  xa morder ti ben non podes
  con tal podrico nos dentes,
  inda no pan teño mentes
  seique non podes chanchar
  you can no longer aptly eat
  with such rottenness in you teeth,
  even bread, I think,
  probably you cannot gnaw [chanchar means "bite", but en preceding pan, "bread", implies a repeated action]

Usage notes

The preposition en contracts to n- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

Derived terms

in/on + the table
-	Singular	Plural
Masculine	no	nos
Feminine	na	nas

nalgún, nalgunha, nalgunhas, nalgúns
nel, nela, nelas, neles
nese, nesa, neses, nesas, niso
neste, nesta, nestes, nestas, nisto
noutra, noutras, noutro, noutros
nestoutro, nestoutra, nestoutros, nestoutras

in/on + indefinite article table
-	Singular a	Plural some
Masculine	nun	nuns
Feminine	nunha	nunhas

naquel, naquela, naqueles, naquelas

Etymology 2

Probably from Old Galician-Portuguese en, from Latin inde.

Alternative forms

ende (now literary)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eŋ/

Adverb

en

while; as soon as (followed by the gerund of a verb, expresses immediacy or simultaneity)
En chegando mudas a roupa mollada ― As soon as you arrive change your wet clothes
- 1295, R. Lorenzo, editor, La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla., Ourense: I. E. O. P. F, page 111:
  Et o conde, en chegando et ferindo logo ẽnos mouros, todo en hũu o fezo
  And the count, [just] arriving, and hurting promptly the Moors, all in one he did that
- 1460, Rui Vasques, Corónica de Iria:
  en leendo perlos llibros algũus de canõicas antijgas, et preujlegios goticos dos santos catholicos et deuotos bispos de Yria et porla Escriptura, achey o fundamento para rreduzir aa memoria dos homes quanto durarõ çertas ydades
  [while/after] reading books, some of them of ancient canons, and Gothic privileges of the saint Catholic and devout bishops of Iria, and through the Bible, I found the foundation for reducing to the mind of men for how long some ages lasted
- 1461, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.), A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. 2 vols. Vigo: Galaxia, page 141:
  dito testigo en seendo moço pequeno con seu tyo Afonso Dominges, guardando o gaando en Curro do Moyño, que le dixera o dito Afonso Domingees "bees, por aquy se parte ho término do conde do de Juan d'Estúñiga
  said witness [while/when] being a young boy and together with his uncle Afonso Domínguez, watching the cattle in Curro do Muíño, he was told by said Afonso Domínguez: "you see, here the term of the count limits with that of Xoán de Estúñiga"
- 1858, Francisco María de la Iglesia, O orfiño da arquiña:
  Que pan e insinanza
  Pardiola has de ter,
  Roupiña e oficio
  Para deprender;
  E ende sendo grande
  Si es home de ben,
  Na Seña Duquesa
  Madriña tamén
  Such bread and teaching
  By gosh you'll have!
  Clothes and office
  to learn;
  And them when you're big
  If you're a good man
  our Lady the Duchess
  will be also your protector

References

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “en”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “en”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “en”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “en”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

German Low German

Alternative forms

'n, -'n
(in other dialects, including Low Prussian) een
(in some dialects) ein
(East Pomeranian) ain

Etymology

From Middle Low German ên, from Old Saxon ēn. Compare Dutch een, German ein, West Frisian ien, English one.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛɪ̯n/, /ˈeːn/, /ˈæɪ̯n/, /ˈeːɪ̯n/

Article

en m or n (indefinite article)

(in some dialects) a, an

Numeral

en

(in some dialects, including Low Prussian) one (1)

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French un (“one”), from Latin ūnus (“one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛ̃/

Numeral

en

one

Synonyms

youn

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /n̩/, /eːn/

Determiner

en (indefinite)

a, an
Sie sitze aan em runde Disch.
They are sitting at a round table.

Pronoun

en

unstressed accusative of er: him.

Inflection

Hunsrik personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative
	Proclitic	Enclitic	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ich eich	-ich	mich meich		meer	mer m'r
2nd person singular (informal)	du dau/Dau	-du, -de -Dau, -De	dich deich/Deich		deer	der d'r/D'r
3rd person singular (m.)	er; där	-er	ihn	en	ihm	em
3rd person singular (f.)	sie; die	-se	sie / ihns	se	eer ehr	re
3rd person singular (n.)	es; das et, 't	's	es et	-et, -'t	ihm	em
1st person plural	meer	mer	uns uhs
2nd person plural	deer Ehr, Dehr	der	eich Auch
3rd person plural	sie; die	-se	sie	se	denne

Declension

Hunsrik indefinite articles

	Masculine	Feminine	Neutral
nom./acc.	en e	en e	en e
dative	em	ener	em

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse en. The comparative superior conjunction and the hesitational conjunction have developed separately into the same form. The comparative conjunction is -an in the old language; -þan on runestone probably is related to -then, while the other form (hesitational) has formed from the augmentive.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɛːn/

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Adverb

en

how
Nei, Elín? En gaman að sjá þig! ― Elín? How good to see you!

Conjunction

en

but
Ég drekk kaffi en ég drekk ekki te. ― I drink coffee but I don't drink tea.

Ég ætla að fá brauð en ekki mjólk. ― I'll have bread but not milk.
than (with an adjective in the comparative)
Ég er betri en bróðir minn. ― I'm better than my brother.

Hún er skemmtilegri en ég. ― She is more fun than I am.
(formal written language) used to join closely linked sentences, similar to a semicolon in English
- 2019 April 25 (last accessed), “Baldur ákærður fyrir innherjasvik og brot í opinberu starfi”, in Vísir‎^[7], archived from the original on 19 September 2016:
  Rannsókn embættis sérstaks saksóknara á meintum innherjasvikum Baldurs Guðlaugssonar stóð yfir í rúmlega ár, en FME kærði málið með bréfi til embættisins hinn 9. júlí á síðasta ári.
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
conjunction similar to and
Sonur hans hét Jón, en dóttir hans Ása. ― His son was named John and his daughter was named Ása.

Veðrið var ekki gott framan af: rigning á fjallinu, en þoka í byggð. ― The weather was not good to begin with: rain in the mountains, and fog in the countryside.

Derived terms

References

Ido

Etymology

From French en, Spanish en, from Latin in, inde from Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Preposition

en

in

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/, [ɛn]

Noun

èn (plural en-en)

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.

Ingrian

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
(Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
Rhymes: -en
Hyphenation: en

Verb

en

first-person singular indicative of ei

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 29
Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 24

Anagrams

ne

Japanese

Romanization

en

Rōmaji transcription of えん

Jersey Dutch

Etymology 1

From Dutch een (“a”). Cognates include Afrikaans 'n.

Alternative forms

ên

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/, /ən/

Article

en

(indefinite article) Placed before a singular noun, indicating a general case of a person or thing: a, an.

Etymology 2

From Dutch en. Cognates include Afrikaans en.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən/

Conjunction

en

and
- 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
  Hai waz nît tevrêde täus en […]
  He was not content at home and […]

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese em.

Preposition

en

in

Kankanaey

Pronunciation

(Standard Kankanaey) IPA^(key): /ʔen/ [ʔen]
Rhymes: -en
Syllabification: en

Article

en

oblique argument
1. a singular proper nominal marker
2. a personal pronoun marker, wherein "en" is followed by a class III pronoun

References

Janet L. Allen (2014) Kankanaey: A Role and Reference Grammar Analysis‎^[8] (overall work in English), →ISBN, page 128

Kott

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔäń (˜x-) ("wave").

Noun

en (plural ēnaŋ)

wave

Noun

en

plural of ei

Ladino

Preposition

en (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling אין)

in
- 2000, David Altabé, “Ay koza triste en ser Sefaradi”, in Esther Benbassa, editor, Les Sépharades en littérature, page 164:
  En todas partes del mundo bivi,
  i pedasos de mi alma abandoni
  I've lived in all parts of the world,
  and abandoned pieces of my soul
- 2014, Şeli GAON, “La solidaridad”, in Şalom Gazetesi‎^[9]:
  Deke la solidaridad es emportante? Porke la solidaridad es lo djusto. Porke; todos bivimos en una sosyetad...
  Why is solidarity important? Because solidarity is what is right. Because we all live in a society...

Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /eːn/, [eːn]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /en/, [ɛn]

Interjection

ēn

look! behold! (presenting something in a lively or indignant manner)
really!? (surprise or anger in questions)
come on! (exhortation to action in imperatives)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /en/, [ɛn]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /en/, [ɛn]

Noun

en f (indeclinable)

The name of the letter N.

Usage notes

Multiple Latin names for the letter N, n have been suggested. The most common is en or a syllabic n, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, nē, ən, nə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιννε (inne).

Coordinate terms

(Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

en in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
en in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63

Etymology 3

Preposition

en

Early Latin form of in (“in”)

Latvian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɛn]
Audio: (file)

Noun

en m (invariable)

The Latvian name of the Latin script letter N/n.

Leonese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin in.

Preposition

en

in

Usage notes

When followed by an article, en is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:

Contractions of en

en + article	Combined form
en + el	nel
en + la	na
en + lu	nu
en + los	nos
en + las	nas

en + article	Combined form
en + un	nun
en + una	nuna
en + unos	nunos
en + unas	nunas

en + pronoun	Combined form
en + el	nél
en + eilla	neilla
en + eillu	neillu
en + eillos	neillos
en + eillas	neillas

en + dem. adjective	Combined form	en + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + esti	nesti	en + ésti	nésti
en + esta	nesta	en + ésta	nésta
en + estu	nestu	en + éstu	néstu
en + estos	nestos	en + éstos	néstos
en + estas	nestas	en + éstas	néstas

en + dem. adjective	Combined form	en + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + esi	nesi	en + ési	nési
en + esa	nesa	en + ésa	nésa
en + esu	nesu	en + ésu	nésu
en + esos	nesos	en + ésos	nésos
en + esas	nesas	en + ésas	nésas

en + dem. adjective	Combined form	en + dem. pronoun	Combined form
en + aquel	naquel	en + aquél	naquél
en + aqueilla	naqueilla	en + aquéilla	naquéilla
en + aqueillu	naqueillu	en + aquéillu	naquéillu
en + aqueillos	naqueillos	en + aquéillos	naquéillos
en + aqueillas	naqueillas	en + aquéillas	naquéillas

References

AEDLL

Livvi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈen/
Hyphenation: en
Rhymes: -en

Verb

en

first-person singular indicative of ei

References

N. Gilojeva, S. Rudakova (2009) Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect]‎^[10] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk, →ISBN, page 20
Olga Žarinova (2012) Pagizemmo Karjalakse [Let's speak Karelian], St Petersburg, →ISBN, page 142
Tatjana Boiko (2019) “ei”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 38

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Noun

en m inan

The name of the Latin-script letter n/N.

Lule Sami

Verb

en

first-person dual present of ij

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ən]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ən
Homophone: Ënn

Article

en m or n

Indefinite article; a, an
Ech droen en Hutt, wann et reent. ― I wear a hat when it rains.

Hues du e bloe Stëft? ― Do you have a blue pen?

Declension

Luxembourgish indefinite articles
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nom./acc.	en	eng	en	(eng)
dative	engem	enger	engem	(engen)
	Plural forms indicate a vague number (before numerals and certain adjectives).

Pronoun

en

unstressed form of hien
Hues de n e gefrot? ― Have you asked him?
unstressed form of hinnen
Ech hunn et e gesot. ― I told it them

Usage notes

Due to the Eifel Rule, the final -n is lost when the following word begins with a consonant other than <d>, <h>, <n>, <t> or <z>.

Declension

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
		str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	reflexive
1st person singular		ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (informal)		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular (formal)		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech	Iech [əɕ]	Iech
3rd person singular	m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
	f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
	n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
1st person plural		mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
2nd person plural		dir	der	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech	iech [əɕ]	iech
3rd person plural		si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Mandarin

Romanization

en (en⁵ / en⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄣ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗯

Romanization

en

Nonstandard spelling of ēn.
Nonstandard spelling of én.
Nonstandard spelling of ěn.
Nonstandard spelling of èn.

Usage notes

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/

Adverb

en

Alternative form of ne (“not”)

Conjunction

en

Alternative form of ende (“and”)

Middle English

Preposition

en

Alternative form of in (“in”)

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French en, from Latin in.

Preposition

en

on; on to

Descendants

French: en

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”).

Pronunciation

Unknown, possibly IPA^(key): /ɛn/ or /ən/.

Particle

en m

not; negates a verb, usage is facultative if it leads to a double negative
Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.
Nobody shall [not] sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...
unless
Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.
Nobody shall sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...

Alternative forms

ne (older, Eastphalian)

Movima

Verb

en

to stand

Norwegian Bokmål

**Norwegian Bokmål cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : en Ordinal : første

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eːn/ (stressed)
IPA^(key): /ən/ (unstressed)
Audio: (file)
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -eːn, -ən
Hyphenation: en
Homophone: -en

Article

en m (feminine ei or (non-standard since 1938) e, neuter et)

a, an (indefinite article)

Numeral

en m (feminine ei, neuter ett, stressed én)

one

Derived terms

References

“en” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Conjunction

en

(pre-1901) alternative form of enn

Etymology 2

Article

en

(dialectal, nonstandard) Alternative form of ein

Etymology 3

Preposition

en

Used as part of set phrases from French

Etymology 4

Conjunction

en

Used as part of the expression stopp en hal

Old French

Alternative forms

in (10th century)

Etymology

From Latin in.

Pronunciation

(archaic) IPA^(key): /en/
(classical, late) IPA^(key): /an/

Preposition

en

in; inside
- 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):
  Et pour ce qu’il se complaint moult de froit et horipilacion, pour ce au commencement on luy doit mettre les piés et les mains en eaue chaulde
  And if he complains about cold and shivers, to start with one must put his feet and is hands in hot water
on; upon
- 12th Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:
  qi en la crois fu mis
  [He] who was put on the cross
in (experiencing an emotion, a feeling, etc.)
en paine ― in pain
in (indicates a language)
en latin ― in Latin

Descendants

Middle French: en
- French: en
Norman: en

Old Frisian

**Old Frisian cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : ēn Ordinal : ērest

Alternative forms

ān
(Late Old Frisian) een

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ain. Cognates include Old English ān and Old Saxon ēn.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈeːn/, [ˈɛːn]

Numeral

ēn m or n

one
ēn skilling ― one shilling

Article

ēn m or n

a, an

Declension

Declension of ēn

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ēn, ān	ēne	ēn
Accusative	ēnne, ānne	ēne	ēn
Genitive	ēnes	ēnere, ēnre	ēnes
Dative	ēne	ēnere, ēnre	ēne

Descendants

North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum:
Föhr: een m, ian f or n

Amrum: ään m, ian f or n

Goesharde:
Hoolmer: åån m, iin f or n

Hoorninger: aan m, iin f or n

Halligen: aon m, ian f or n

Heligoland: iaan, jaan

Mooring: ån m, iinj f or n

Sylt: jen

Wiedingharde: oan m, iin f or n
Saterland Frisian: aan m, een f or n
West Frisian: ien

References

Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈẽ/

Preposition

en

in
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 294 (facsimile):
  
  [C]omo hũa moller q̇ iogaua os dados en pulla lançou hũa pedra aa omagen de ſṫa maṙi[a] poꝛ q̇ perdera ⁊ parou un angeo de pedra que y eſtaua a mão ⁊ reçibiu o colpe.
  How a woman who was playing dice in Apulia threw a stone at the statue of Holy Mary because she had lost, and an angel of stone which was there reached out its hand and received the blow.

Descendants

Fala: en
Galician: en
Portuguese: em

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *anþi, *andi. Unstressed doublet of enn (“yet, still”).

Conjunction

en

but
(as a copulative): and
Synonym: ok

Descendants

Icelandic: en
Norwegian Nynorsk: enn, en
Norwegian Bokmål: enn
Old Swedish: æn
- Swedish: än
Danish: end

Etymology 2

From earlier an (“than”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þan, possibly through *þannai, whence cognate with Old English þonne (“than”). For similar loss of þ- compare at from earlier Proto-Norse ᚦᚨᛏ (þat), ᚦᛡᛏ (þᴀt).

Conjunction

en

than
Synonym: an

Descendants

Icelandic: en
Norwegian Nynorsk: enn
Norwegian Bokmål: enn
Old Swedish: æn
- Swedish: än
Danish: end

References

en in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Occitan

Pronoun

en

of it; of them
- 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Can vei la lauzeta mover
  Ailas! Tan cuidava saber
  D'amor, e tan petit en sai,
  Alas! I thought I knew so much
  about love, and I know so little [of it]!

Old Saxon

**Old Saxon cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : ēn

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ain.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛːn/

Numeral

en m

one
thoh uui hēr te meti habdin garu im te geƀanne sō uui mahtin fargelden mēst tueho uuāri is noh than that iro ēnig thar ēnes gināmi
Though we had food that we should buy to give him. The most doubt is still there that anyone once felt
(Heliand, verse 2637)

Article

en m

a, an (rarely used)

Declension

Declension of ēn

	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
nominative	ēn	ēn	ēn
accusative	ēnana	ēn	ēna
genitive	ēnes	ēnes	ēnaro
dative	ēnumu	ēnumu	ēnaro

Descendants

Middle Low German: ên, ein
- Low German:
  - German Low German: een (Hamburgisch)
  - Westphalian:
    Lippisch: eun
    
    Ravensbergisch: åine
    
    Sauerländisch: ên
    
    Westmünsterländisch: een, eene, ne
- Plautdietsch: een

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos.

Numeral

ēn m or f

one

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German ein.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Article

en

a, an

Declension

Declension of en
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	en	en	en	–
dative	emme me	re	emme me	–
accusative	en	en	en	–

Pronoun

en

accusative of er: him

Declension

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns

	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	3rd person			1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	singular						plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar	2nd person polite/formal	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹unstressed

Plautdietsch

Preposition

en

in

Conjunction

en

alternative form of un; and

Slovene

**Slovene numbers ^(edit)**
		10
	← 0	1	2 →	10 →
Cardinal: en Nominalized cardinal: eden Cardinal prefix: eno- Ordinal: prvi Fixed ordinal: prvoten Latinate ordinal: primaren Ordinal prefix: prvo- Number: ena Digit: enka Digit place: enica Adverbial: prvič Krat adverbial: prvikrat Multiplier: enojen Krat multiplier: enkrat Fixed multiplier: enkraten Adverbial multiplier: enojno Latinate multiplier: singleten Multiplier verb: poeniti Multiplier prefix: enojn- Krat multiplier prefix: enkratn- Krat adverbial multiplier: enkratno Collective: enoje Separable collective: enoj Greek or Latinate collective: monada Greek collective prefix: mono- Latinate collective prefix: uni- Fractional: enina Greek prefix: proto- Number of musicians: solo

Etymology

Contraction of earlier êden, from Proto-Slavic *(j)edinъ.

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /ɛ́n/
Rhymes: -ɛn
Hyphenation: en

Numeral

ȅn

one

Usage notes

The form éden is used when the word does not modify a noun directly, but stands in predicate position. When counting or reciting numbers, the feminine form éna is normally used (see the number box).

Declension

First declension (hard), fixed accent
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom sg	ȅn	éna	éno
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	ȅn	éna	éno
genitive rodȋlnik	énega	éne	énega
dative dajȃlnik	énemu	éni	énemu
accusative tožȋlnik	nom^inanim gen^anim	éno	éno
locative mẹ̑stnik	énem	éni	énem
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énim	éno	énim
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȅn	ȇna	ȇno

Other forms
	positive	comparative	superlative
accusative singular masculine isolated form	énega	–	–
accusative singular neuter isolated form	éno, énega	–	–
adverb	–	–	–

Derived terms

enóta

Determiner

ȅn

(colloquial) some (someone/something – indefinite determiner)
Synonyms: nekȁk, nekȁkšen

Eni moški stojijo tam. ― Some men are standing there.
(colloquial, also unstressed) some (someone/something arbitrary – unspecified determiner)
Synonyms: kāk, kākšen

Declension

First declension (hard), fixed accent
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom sg	én	éna	éno
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	én	éna	éno
genitive rodȋlnik	énega	éne	énega
dative dajȃlnik	énemu	éni	énemu
accusative tožȋlnik	nom^inanim gen^anim	éno	éno
locative mẹ̑stnik	énem, énemu	éni	énem, énemu
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énim	éno	énim
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇn	ȇna	ȇno
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éna	éni	éni
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énima	énima	énima
accusative tožȋlnik	éna	éni	éni
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énima	énima	énima
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇna	éni	éni
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éni	éne	éna
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énim	énim	énim
accusative tožȋlnik	éne	éne	éna
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énimi	énimi	énimi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇni	ȇne	ȇna

Positive definite forms
singular
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éni	éna	éno
genitive rodȋlnik	énega	éne	énega
dative dajȃlnik	énemu	éni	énemu
accusative tožȋlnik	nom^inanim gen^anim	éno	éno
locative mẹ̑stnik	énem, énemu	éni	énem, énemu
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énim	éno	énim
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇni	ȇna	ȇno
dual
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éna	éni	éni
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énima	énima	énima
accusative tožȋlnik	éna	éni	éni
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énima	énima	énima
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇna	ȇni	ȇni
plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative imenovȃlnik	éni	éne	éna
genitive rodȋlnik	énih	énih	énih
dative dajȃlnik	énim	énim	énim
accusative tožȋlnik	éne	éne	éna
locative mẹ̑stnik	énih	énih	énih
instrumental orọ̑dnik	énimi	énimi	énimi
(vocative) (ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)	ȇni	ȇne	ȇna

Other forms
	positive	comparative	superlative
accusative singular masculine isolated form	énega	–	–
accusative singular neuter isolated form	éno, énega	–	–
adverb	–	–	–

Noun

ȅn m anim

(regional) Alternative form of éden

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Article

en

(colloquial, regional) a
To je ena velika izmišljotina! ― This is a big made-up story.

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognate with Old English in and English in.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en/ [ẽn]
- Audio: (file)
- Rhymes: -en
- Syllabification: en
IPA^(key): /ˈem/ [ˈẽm] (before b, v, p)

Preposition

en

in, at, on
Estoy en casa. ― I'm at home.

Estoy sentado en la computadora. ― I'm sitting at the computer.

en esta página ― on this page

en la caja en la mesa ― in the box on the table
in (a time)
en la antigüedad ― in antiquity

en 1999 ― in 1999
in (a language)
No conozco esta palabra en francés.
I don't know this word in French.

en todos los idiomas ― in all languages
used after some verbs and translated by various prepositions in English
Pienso en ti. ― I'm thinking of you.
in (in various expressions)
en el sentido ― in the sense

en nuestro afán ― in our eagerness

Sranan Tongo

Alternative forms

hem (obsolete)

Etymology

From older hem, from English him.

Pronoun

en

Third-person singular possessive determiner/pronoun; his, her, its

Pronoun

en

Third-person singular object pronoun; him, her, it
Contrastive variant of a; he, she, it.

Sumerian

Romanization

en

Romanization of 𒂗 (en)

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish ēn, æn, from Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛnː/; /ɛŋː/ (numeral and article when used before g in close syntactic connection)
Homophones: än, N, n

Pronoun

en (genitive ens)

object form of the indefinite pronoun man ("one," "you")
Det man inte vet skadar en inte
What one doesn’t know doesn’t hurt one.
(dialectal, colloquial) one, you
Det en inte vet har en inte ont av.
What you don't know can't hurt you.

Usage notes

Besides being the subject form in some dialects and vernaculars, en is sometimes deliberately used as an alternative subject form of the indefinite pronoun man, which is a homonymous derivative of the noun man ("man"). This development is in some ways parallel to the gender-neutral pronoun hen.

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej³	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej³	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han², en⁵	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na⁵	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)¹	hen	hen, henom⁷	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en⁴	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran²	vårt, vårat²	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran², ers⁶	ert, erat²	era
	second	archaic	I	eder	eder, eders⁶	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom³	dem, dom³	deras
	third	reflexive	—	sig, sej³	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Numeral

**Swedish cardinal numbers**
< 0	1	2 >
Cardinal : en Ordinal : första

en (neuter ett)

one

Coordinate terms

Cardinal numbers from 0 to 99

	—0	—1	—2	—3	—4	—5	—6	—7	—8	—9
0—	noll	en/ett	två	tre	fyra	fem	sex	sju	åtta	nio
1—	tio	elva	tolv	tretton	fjorton	femton	sexton	sjutton	arton/aderton	nitton
2—	tjugo	tjugoen/-ett	tjugotvå	tjugotre	tjugofyra	tjugofem	tjugosex	tjugosju	tjugoåtta	tjugonio
3—	trettio	trettioen/-ett	trettiotvå	trettiotre	trettiofyra	trettiofem	trettiosex	trettiosju	trettioåtta	trettionio
4—	fyrtio	fyrtioen/-ett	fyrtiotvå	fyrtiotre	fyrtiofyra	fyrtiofem	fyrtiosex	fyrtiosju	fyrtioåtta	fyrtionio
5—	femtio	femtioen/-ett	femtiotvå	femtiotre	femtiofyra	femtiofem	femtiosex	femtiosju	femtioåtta	femtionio
6—	sextio	sextioen/-ett	sextiotvå	sextiotre	sextiofyra	sextiofem	sextiosex	sextiosju	sextioåtta	sextionio
7—	sjuttio	sjuttioen/-ett	sjuttiotvå	sjuttiotre	sjuttiofyra	sjuttiofem	sjuttiosex	sjuttiosju	sjuttioåtta	sjuttionio
8—	åttio	åttioen/-ett	åttiotvå	åttiotre	åttiofyra	åttiofem	åttiosex	åttiosju	åttioåtta	åttionio
9—	nittio	nittioen/-ett	nittiotvå	nittiotre	nittiofyra	nittiofem	nittiosex	nittiosju	nittioåtta	nittionio

Cardinal numbers from 100 onward

100: hundra
10³: tusen
10⁴: tiotusen (myriad)
10⁶: miljon
10⁹: miljard
10¹²: biljon
10¹⁵: biljard
10¹⁸: triljon
10²¹: triljard
10²⁴: kvadriljon
10²⁷: kvadriljard
10³⁰: kvintiljon
10³³: kvintiljard
10³⁶: sextiljon
10³⁹: sextiljard
10⁴²: septiljon
10⁴⁵: septiljard
10⁴⁸: oktiljon
10⁵¹: oktiljard
10⁵⁴: noniljon
10⁵⁷: noniljard
10⁶⁰: deciljon
10⁶³: deciljard
10⁶⁶: undeciljon
10⁶⁹: undeciljard
10⁷²: duodeciljon
10⁷⁵: duodeciljard
10⁷⁸: tredeciljon
10⁸¹: tredeciljard
10⁸⁴: quattuordeciljon
10⁸⁷: quattuordeciljard

…

10¹⁰⁰: googol

…

10¹²⁰: vigintiljon
10¹²³: vigintiljard

…

Related terms

Article

en c (neuter ett)

the indefinite article: a, an.

Declension

en and ett are invariable in the singular, as nominative en konung (a king) and genitive en konungs (a king's).
The genitive enes and the dative enom are dated.

Etymology 2

From earlier ene (sometimes also ener), from Old Norse einir.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /eːn/

Noun

en c

juniper

Declension

Declension of en
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	en	ens
singular	definite	enen	enens
plural	indefinite	enar	enars
plural	definite	enarna	enarnas

Related terms

Descendants

⇒ Middle Low German: eynholz, eynholcz, eynberen holt, eynberenboem, einbeeren struke, enekenbehren, eynikenstrucke
- German Low German: Ênbêrnstrûk, Eenberen, Ehmkenstruk, Eenkenstruk, Euwerbush (Mecklenburg, Pommern, Rügen as of late 19th c.)

References

en in Svensk ordbok (SO)
en in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
en in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
han in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Brüch, Josef (1922) “Lateinische Etymologien”, in Indogermanische Forschungen. Zeitschrift für Indogermanistik und allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft‎^[11] (in German), volume 40, Berlin und Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co., pages 225–226

Anagrams

-ne

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from English en, the English name of the letter N/n.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔen/ [ʔɛn̪]
Rhymes: -en
Syllabification: en

Noun

en (Baybayin spelling ᜁᜈ᜔)

the name of the Latin-script letter N/n, in the Filipino alphabet
Synonyms: (in the Abakada alphabet) na, (in the Abecedario) ene

Derived terms

gatlang en

Anagrams

ne

Tedim Chin

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔen, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ken (“to see, to know”).

Verb

en

to look

References

Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

Turkish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /æn/, /en/

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish ان (en), from Proto-Turkic *ēn (“breadth, width”).

Noun

en (definite accusative eni, plural enler)

width
a cachet on an animal or bonded goods

Declension

Inflection

Nominative

en

Definite accusative

eni

Singular

Plural

Nominative

en

enler

Definite accusative

eni

enleri

Dative

ene

Locative

Ablative

Genitive

Possessive forms
Nominative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	enim	enlerim
2nd singular	enin	enlerin
3rd singular	eni	enleri
1st plural	enimiz	enlerimiz
2nd plural	eniniz	enleriniz
3rd plural	enleri	enleri
Definite accusative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	enimi	enlerimi
2nd singular	enini	enlerini
3rd singular	enini	enlerini
1st plural	enimizi	enlerimizi
2nd plural	eninizi	enlerinizi
3rd plural	enlerini	enlerini
Dative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	enime	enlerime
2nd singular	enine	enlerine
3rd singular	enine	enlerine
1st plural	enimize	enlerimize
2nd plural	eninize	enlerinize
3rd plural	enlerine	enlerine
Locative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	enimde	enlerimde
2nd singular	eninde	enlerinde
3rd singular	eninde	enlerinde
1st plural	enimizde	enlerimizde
2nd plural	eninizde	enlerinizde
3rd plural	enlerinde	enlerinde
Ablative
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	enimden	enlerimden
2nd singular	eninden	enlerinden
3rd singular	eninden	enlerinden
1st plural	enimizden	enlerimizden
2nd plural	eninizden	enlerinizden
3rd plural	enlerinden	enlerinden
Genitive
	Singular	Plural
1st singular	enimin	enlerimin
2nd singular	eninin	enlerinin
3rd singular	eninin	enlerinin
1st plural	enimizin	enlerimizin
2nd plural	eninizin	enlerinizin
3rd plural	enlerinin	enlerinin

References

Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “en2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish اڭ (eŋ), from Common Turkic *eŋ. Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰭 (ŋ /⁠eŋ⁠/), Azerbaijani ən, Kyrgyz эң (eŋ), Tuvan эң (eñ), Uzbek eng.

Adverb

en

the most ..., the ...-est (marks the superlative degree of any or most adjectives)
büyük, en büyük
big, (the) biggest

en küçük
the smallest

en acayip
the most interesting

Veps

Verb

en

first-person singular present of ei

Welsh

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/

Noun

en f (plural eniau)

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.

Mutation

Mutated forms of en
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
en	unchanged	unchanged	hen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian and, ende, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɛn/, /ɪn/

Conjunction

en

and

Zou

Etymology 1

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔen, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ken. Cognates include Chinese [Term?] 見／见 (jiàn) and Tibetan མཁྱེན་པ (mkhyen pa).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /en˧˥/

Verb

én

(intransitive) to look

Etymology 2

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔan (“vegetables”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *h(y)an.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ən˧˥/

Noun

én

food
meal

References

Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41

[1] Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ēn”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

[2] Erik Hansen & Lars Hedtoft, Grammatik over det Danske Sprog (Odense 2011), vol. 2, 557.

[1]

[1]

person	isolated form	affix form
person	isolated form	nominative	objective
first	singular	kuani, kani¹	ku=, k=¹ (before vowels)	en=
	exclusive plural	ciokay, coka¹, ciutari	ci=, c=¹ =as	un=
	inclusive plural	anokay, aoka¹, anutari	a=, =an	i=
second	singular	eani	e=
	plural	eciokay, ecioka¹, eciutari	eci=
	singular (polite)	anokay, aoka¹	a=, =an	i=
	plural (polite)	anokay, aoka¹, anutari	a=, =an	i=
third	singular	sinuma, anihi	∅=
third	plural	okay, oka¹	∅=
indefinite	singular	asinuma	a=, =an	i=
indefinite	plural	anokay, aoka¹, anutari	a=, =an	i=
1. Saru dialect

	singular	plural
1st person	ngaang, nganga, ngang	áám, am (exclusive) kiich, kich (inclusive)
2nd person	een, en	áámi, ami
3rd person	iiy, i	iir, ir

Person	Number	Class I (Single)	Class II (Transitive actor)	Class III (Transitive undergoer)
Tripartite split
First	singular	-ak	-ko, -k	sak-en
First	plural	-kami	-mi	dakami
Second	singular	-ka	-mo, -m	sik-a
Second	plural	-kayo	-yo	dakayo
Accusative split
Third	plural	-da		daida
First + second	singular	-ta		daita
First + second	plural	-tako		datako
Ergative split
Third	singular	Ø¹ / sisya	-na	Ø¹ / sisya
Fourth	impersonal singular/plural	Ø¹	-na	Ø¹ / siya
Blends
First + second	singular -ko + -ka	-naka		–
Third + second	singular -na + -ka	-daka		–
¹Null morpheme.

hu-type pronouns
	singular	plural inclusive	plural exclusive
1st person	hu	ta	in
2nd person	un	en
3rd person	ha	ma
yoʼ-type pronouns
	singular	plural inclusive	plural exclusive
1st person	yoʼ	hit	ham
2nd person	hao	hamyo
3rd person	gueʼ	siha
emphatic pronouns
	singular	plural inclusive	plural exclusive
1st person	guahu	hita	hami
2nd person	hagu	hamyo
3rd person	guiya	siha

en

Translingual

Etymology

Symbol

English

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Preposition

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Etymology 5

Noun

Anagrams

Afar

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

References

Afrikaans

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Ainu

Pronunciation

Pronoun

See also

Alemannic German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Article

Declension

Asturian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Usage notes

Derived terms

Aukan

Etymology

Noun

Australian Kriol

Etymology

Conjunction

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Breton

Contraction

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Article

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Preposition

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Usage notes

Declension

See also

Further reading