Decision-making is one of the vital roles of competent technical skills that helps in the effective functioning of business management. The development in business strategy has made a way to develop the technical and non-technical skills of both managers and employees. The analysis of the technical and non-technical skills of the manager is essential in the growth of business management. This article aims to analyze the competent technical skills of the managers those aid in taking efficient decisions. The analyzed competent skills of managers included technical skills, listening skills, documentation, external support in solving the issues, standard decision, lesson learned, and correct decisions. The data was collected through an online survey from 90 respondents and analyzed in SPSS using frequency analysis and factor analysis. The study finds that the manager's competent and technical skill is vital in the decision-making process. The study identified the nine most influential factors that contribute to a manager's competent and technical skills. Further, the compliance and non-compliance rate on identified factors were explored and interesting results were obtained. The effectiveness of these skills leads to a successful organization.

Decision-making is one of the vital roles of competent technical skills that helps in the effective functioning of business management. The development in business strategy has made a way to develop the technical and non-technical skills of both managers and employees. The analysis of the technical and non-technical skills of the manager is essential in the growth of business management. This article aims to analyze the competent technical skills of the managers those aid in taking efficient decisions. The analyzed competent skills of managers included technical skills, listening skills, documentation, external support in solving the issues, standard decision, lesson learned, and correct decisions. The data was collected through an online survey from 90 respondents and analyzed in SPSS using frequency analysis and factor analysis. The study finds that the manager's competent and technical skill is vital in the decision-making process. The study identified the nine most influential factors that contribute to a manager’s competent and technical skills. Further, the compliance and non-compliance rate on identified factors were explored and interesting results were obtained. The effectiveness of these skills leads to a successful organization.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the undertaken literature review regarding the extent to which analysis and research on design management and design managerial skills have been carried out so far. Methodology/approach: A literature review is presented along with several types of management as possible solutions to restraining the problem of introducing design to the organization as a way to develop the organization's innovative activities. Findings: The paper presents design as a type of organization activity important from the point of view of innovation and competitiveness of enterprises. The essence of design and its role in innovative processes are described. Design management and the role of design managers were characterized. Managerial skills necessary for the adequate implementation of design activities in the organization were also shown. The above considerations were based on the literature review. Implications/limitations either for future research, for practice, or for society: Most of the studies are based on research conducted years ago. The topic of design management returns in business practice, but there is little research on this topic in modern enterprises. Especially rarely, these topics apply to small and medium-sized enterprises that could benefit a lot from the implementation of design management. Originality/value of the paper: The paper begins with an overview of the role of the design in the innovation processes and then moves on to the implementation of design management. The author then proposes several categories of the managerial skills required for design activities in the organizations and presents their importance for the innovation activities in the organization.

Certe parti dell'umanità sembrano sacrificabili a vantaggio di una selezione che favorisce un settore umano degno di vivere senza limiti. In fondo, le persone non sono più sentite come un valore primario da rispettare e tutelare, specie se povere o disabili, se non servono ancora-come i nascituri-, o non servono più-come gli anziani […]. 19. Così, oggetto di scarto non sono solo il cibo o i beni superflui, ma spesso gli stessi esseri umani […]. 20. Questo scarto si manifesta in molti modi, come nell'ossessione di ridurre i costi del lavoro, senza rendersi conto delle gravi conseguenze che ciò provoca, perché la disoccupazione che si produce ha come effetto diretto di allargare i confini della povertà […]. 98. Tante persone con disabilità sentono di esistere senza appartenere e senza partecipare […]. L'obiettivo è non solo assisterli, ma la loro partecipazione attiva […]. Ugualmente penso alle persone anziane che, anche a motivo della disabilità, sono sentite a volte come un peso. Tuttavia, tutti possono dare un singolare apporto al bene comune attraverso la propria originale biografia. 108. Vi sono società che accolgono questo principio parzialmente. Accettano che ci siano opportunità per tutti, però sostengono che, posto questo, tutto dipende da ciascuno. Secondo tale prospettiva parziale non avrebbe senso investire affinché quelli che rimangono indietro, i deboli o i meno dotati possano farsi strada nella vita. Investire a favore delle persone fragili può non essere redditizio, può comportare minore efficienza. Esige uno Stato presente e attivo, e istituzioni della società civile che vadano oltre la libertà dei meccanismi efficientisti di certi sistemi economici, politici o ideologici, perché veramente si orientano prima di tutto alle persone e al bene comune […]. 110. Il fatto è che la semplice proclamazione della libertà economica, quando però le condizioni reali impediscono che molti possano accedervi realmente, e quando si riduce l'accesso al lavoro, diventa un discorso contraddittorio. Perché, in realtà, finché il nostro sistema economico-sociale produrrà ancora una vittima e ci sarà una sola persona scartata, non ci potrà essere la festa della fraternità universale. Una società umana e fraterna è in grado di adoperarsi per assicurare […] che tutti siano accompagnati nel percorso della loro vita, non solo per provvedere ai bisogni primari, ma perché possano dare il meglio di sé, anche se il loro rendimento non sarà il migliore, anche se andranno lentamente, anche se lo loro efficienza sarà poco rilevante […]. 123. L'attività degli imprenditori effettivamente è una nobile vocazione orientata a produrre ricchezza e a migliorare il mondo per tutti […]. Tuttavia, in ogni caso, queste capacità degli imprenditori, che sono un dono di Dio, dovrebbero essere orientate chiaramente al progresso delle altre persone […] attraverso la creazione di opportunità di lavoro diversificate. 177. Mi permetto di ribadire che la politica non deve sottomettersi all'economia e questa non deve sottomettersi ai dettami e al paradigma efficientista della tecnocrazia […]. 188. I politici sono chiamati a prendersi cura della fragilità, della fragilità dei popoli e delle persone. Prendersi cura della fragilità dice forza e tenerezza, dice lotta e fecondità in mezzo a un modello funzionalista e privatista che conduce inesorabilmente alla cultura dello scarto. Significa farsi carico del presente nella sua situazione più marginale e angosciante ed essere capaci di ungerlo di dignità. PAPA FRANCESCO, rassegna antologica su disabilità e cultura dello scarto, dalla enciclica Fratelli tutti, 3 ottobre 2020 POPE FRANCIS, anthological review on disabilities and the 'throw-away culture', from the Encyclical Fratelli tutti, 3 October 2020 Le persone con disabilità hanno diritto a buone condizioni sul posto di lavoro, a una vita indipendente, a pari opportunità e a partecipare pienamente alla vita della loro comunità. Tutti hanno diritto a una vita senza barriere. Ed è nostro dovere, in quanto comunità, garantire la loro piena partecipazione alla società, su un piano di parità con gli altri. URSULA VON DER LEYEN, presidente della Commissione europea, (9) Ad esempio, conferendo a taluni membri indipendenti del Consiglio o a un Comitato del Consiglio competenze in materia di sostenibilità e/o trasparenza.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Entrepreneurship has become mandatory for different societies because not only does entrepreneurship make it possible for individuals to access the financial resources generated by the idea but it also facilitates the development of a country by solving problems in a new way. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explore and determine the relationship between entrepreneurial skills on job performance of managers and deputies working in the municipalities of Hormozgan province located in the south of Iran. METHODS: The present study is a descriptive-practical correlation in terms of how data was collected. The collected data were based on the quantitative research method used to measure job performance by means of the Standard 15 Questionnaire. For evaluating the entrepreneurship skills, the 20 researcher-made questionnaire with 20 statements was used based on the research literature. The statistical population of the study consisted of 350 managers ...

Cost escalation refers to the changes occurring in cost of specific materials services in a given economy over a period of time. Construction industry is a most complicated and dynamic industry which is constantly facing uncertainties. The various factors that cause escalation in construction industry are studied and discussed in the article. The ideas suggested by researches were also analyzed and reported cost escalation can be minimized to a greater extent by carefully adopting the remedial measure.

Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative importance of four managerial skill dimensions (technical skill, administrative skill, human skill, and citizenship behavior) for predicting managerial effectiveness. In addition, it aims to explore whether the relative importance of these skill dimensions varies as a function of gender or organizational level. Design/methodology/approach -Participants were 733 managers enrolled in a nationally recognized leadership development program. Ratings of managerial skill were obtained from peers using a well-validated 360-degree assessment instrument, while manager effectiveness ratings were provided by supervisors. Moderated multiple regression and relative weight analysis were used to test the study's hypotheses. Findings -Using ratings provided by multiple sources, these results show that all four of the managerial skill dimensions were significantly important predictors of manager effectiveness. Human skills were significantly more important than technical skill and citizenship behavior, while administrative skills were most important overall. Gender was not a significant moderator of the skill-effectiveness relationship, but organizational level was. Practical implications -Individuals tasked with selecting, developing, or placing managers should take all four skill dimensions into account. Moreover, special consideration should be given to administrative skill, and this emphasis should increase for managers higher up in the organizational hierarchy. Originality/value -Although prior research has speculated about the importance of different managerial skills, this study is the first to provide empirical support for this skill typology in predicting actual managerial effectiveness using appropriate statistical analyses for examining the relative importance of these skill dimensions.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the improvement of managerial skills of hospitals' top managers after a specific management training programme, and to explore possible predictors and relations. Methods: The study was conducted during the years 2006 and 2007 with cohort of 107 managers from 20 Serbian general hospitals. The managers self-assessed the improvement in their managerial skills before and after the training programme. Results: After the training programme, all managers' skills had improved. The biggest improvement was in the following skills: organizing daily activities, motivating and guiding others, supervising the work of others, group discussion, and situation analysis. The least improved were: applying creative techniques, working well with peers, professional self-development, written communication, and operational planning. Identified predictors of improvement were: shorter years of managerial experience, type of manager, type of profession, and recognizing the importance of the managerial skills in oral communication, evidence-based decision making, and supervising the work of others. Conclusions: Specific training programme related to strategic management can increase managerial competencies, which are an important source of competitive advantage for organizations. (J. Marinkovic), msantric@med.bg.ac.rs (M.S. Milicevic), drvasic@yubc.net (V. Vasic). 1

A model of effective management is developed based on criticism of prior two-factor models. We identify six specific skills and explore their theoretical contributions. Both self-and others' evaluations of the skills are incorporated. The model is tested using both employees' attitudes and performance as measures of managerial effectiveness. Results of the analysis indicate that others' evaluations of skills are better indicators of employees' attitudes than self-evaluations. In addition, the results support that a complex set of relationships exists among self-and others' evaluations, employee attitudes, and managerial performance. Explanations for these complex relationships are discussed. D 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Today, managers should play different roles to do management task and subsequently they need different skills. Prioritizing skills in management positions is one of challenges in top management especially in physical education offices. The purpose of this research was ranking the managers based on their skills in offices of physical education in Mazandaran province. Research method was descriptive-survey and practical in purpose. The statistical population consists of 18 experts (masters, managers) in offices of youth and sport in Mazandaran province studied in order to be ranked based on their conceptual, human and technical skills. Data analysis is carried out using FMADM method (FAHP technique). Research result suggests that in conceptual skill, the role of strategic and long term objectives and also awareness of rules and regulations, in human skill effective communication and in technical skill delegation of authority have the highest priorities respectively. Planning based on above said results may increase effectiveness and efficiency in related organizations.

The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability and validity of entrepreneurial skills set construct developed by Smith and Eichholz (2008). The survey approach was used to collect response through 40 usable questionnaires from IT employees in Punjab as one of the largest populated province of Pakistan. The study adopted the stratified random sampling method for data collection. Then, reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed through experts from academia and industry and also from small sample of the data. The data was analyzed through SPSS v20 while results provide the evidence of validity and reliability of the instrument.

Adverse events in surgery have highlighted the importance of non-technical skills, such as communication, decision-making, teamwork, situational awareness and leadership, to effective organizational performance. These skills carry particular importance to surgical oncology, as members of a multidisciplinary team must work cohesively to formulate effective patient care plans. Several non-technical skills evaluation tools have been developed for use in surgery, without adequate comparison and consensus on which should be standard for training.

The construction industry is one of the most important economic activities in the world, and research in this field has identified a positive relationship between project management skills and the success of construction projects. This research project systematically reviewed more than 380 documents in 14 academic journals from the construction and project management fields, searching for construction managers' skills and competencies, and identifying key skills in educative terms for graduates. The final selection of articles was reviewed in detail and categorised into three themes: education, project manager competencies, and employment. Additionally, a database with 306 competencies, gathered from the reviewed studies, was quantitatively analysed, grouping them into overarching categories. One of the main findings from this systematic literature review is the importance (in quantitative terms) of a project manager's personal attributes and leadership skills. This systematic literature review explores the current dichotomy the exists within the literature between research about key managerial competencies, and the lack of them within the industry and formal education institutions. Future research will explore how to bridge the gap between academic programs and industry needs.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Entrepreneurship has become mandatory for different societies because not only does entrepreneurship make it possible for individuals to access the financial resources generated by the idea but it also facilitates the development of a country by solving problems in a new way. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explore and determine the relationship between entrepreneurial skills on job performance of managers and deputies working in the municipalities of Hormozgan province located in the south of Iran. METHODS: The present study is a descriptive-practical correlation in terms of how data was collected. The collected data were based on the quantitative research method used to measure job performance by means of the Standard 15 Questionnaire. For evaluating the entrepreneurship skills, the 20 researcher-made questionnaire with 20 statements was used based on the research literature. The statistical population of the study consisted of 350 managers ...

This study examined the relationship between managerial skills, personality characteristics and administrative staff effectiveness in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study employed descriptive survey research design and the population of the study comprised all the administrative staff of the University of Ibadan. The sample size consisted of 225 administrative staff selected from nine departments of the university. Three research questions were raised and one hypothesis was formulated using simple percentages, frequency counts, mean and multiple regression An instrument titled "Managerial Skills, Personality Characteristics and Administrative Staff Effectiveness Questionnaire" (MSPCASEQ) was used to elicit relevant data for the study. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was ensured through the test re-test method of testing reliability and the coefficient value of 0.84 was obtained. Prominent among the findings from the study revealed that, there was joint contribution among managerial skills, personality characteristics and administrative staff effectiveness at F (6,218) = 15.444, p<0.05) and based on the findings, it was recommended that administrative staff should be exposed further by management to trainings and seminars, all aimed at improving their level of effectiveness and to also maintain or sustain the prevalent managerial skills, and learn new skills to improve administrative staff service delivery and positive attitude to work; the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) should be fully deployed or engaged to channel effective communication between the top management and administrative staff.

Workplace learning is a critical tool for both employees and organisations in their continuous adjustment to various global trends reshaping our workplaces, economies and societies. Workers learn most when engaging in new and challenging activities in which they are granted sufficient autonomy to solve issues themselves or in collaboration with their colleagues or mentors. Findings based on the data from the 2019 European Company Survey indicate that informal learning is the key aspect of workplaces in terms of company performance and employee wellbeing. Such results call for more attention from policy-makers and organisations’ management to various forms of informal learning at the workplace. This is particularly the case when considering the apparent lack of beneficial effects of formal and non-formal learning on employee wellbeing and company performance. These findings illustrate the overwhelming prominence of informal learning at the workplace compared to formal and non-formal learning forms. They also indicate the often untapped learning potential that exists at workplaces. However, analyses show that most companies are still not offering optimal learning environments and opportunities to their workers. Such a situation hurts both employees and companies but also presents an opportunity for action at organisational, national and international levels. Such an action would aim to create institutional conditions, legal frameworks, learning resources, and incentives for companies to start organising their workplaces in a way that will facilitate workplace learning, especially its various informal forms.

U radu su predstavljeni rezultati istraživanja menadžerskih znanja voditelja učeničkih zadruga. Istraživanje je provedeno u Splitsko -dalmatinskoj županiji 2012. godine. Voditelji učeničkih zadruga glavni su nositelji odgojno -obrazovne djelatnosti ove izvannastavne aktivnosti te su u mogućnosti vlastitim umijećima, stavovima i znanjima utjecati na sve one koje poučavaju . Kako bi voditelji učeničkih zadruga uspješno poučavali nužno je da permanentno nadopunjavaju već stečena menadžerska znanja novim znanstvenim spoznajama. Na tom putu bi im bilo od pomoći ciljano stručno usavršavanje koje u Republici Hrvatskoj provodi Agencija za odgoj i obrazovanje te poslijediplomsko obrazovanje. Svjesni ove činjenice, kreatori Strategije odgoja i obrazovanja menadžerskim bi znanjima trebali dati na važnosti te ih naglasiti kao bitan segment ukupnih znanja koje posjeduje učitelj -voditelj učeničke zadruge kao poučavatelj poduzetničkih kompetencija. Ključne riječi: menadžerska znanja, poučavanje, voditelji učeničkih zadruga, stručno usavršavanje UVOD U vremenu u kojem živimo učinkovito upravljanje, rukovođenje i vođenje ljudskih potencijala od iznimnog su značaja za uspješnost bilo koje organizacije. U okviru škola kao odgojno-obrazovnih institucija u posljednje se vrijeme sve više profilira rad Učeničkih zadruga. Zadruge su oblik izvannastavnih aktivnosti u kojima se osim poduzetništva poučava i samoodrživom razvoju te znanjima iz područja ekonomije koja su nužna za uspješan rad. U njima se svakodnevno obavljaju menadžerski poslovi i to na više razina. U zadružnom se radu može ostvariti i materijalna dobit kojom se djeca uče raspolagati. Raspolagati mogu i na način da ulažu s ciljem povećanja proizvodnje i ostvarivanja još veće dobiti. Kako bi školska zadruga bila uspješna i konkurentna u velikom broju drugih zadruga, od iznimne je važnosti voditelj učeničke zadruge i znanja koja on posjeduje iz područja menadžmenta.

Regardless the type of organization, the efficient functioning of today's organizations demands broader set of managerial skills different from what were required earlier. However, there is lack of studies identifying comprehensive and updated typology of managerial skills particularly in the developing country contexts like Nepal. In this context, this paper mainly aims to identify the patterns of managerial skills found in the extant literature and propose a comprehensive and updated typology of managerial skills. The study is descriptivecum-analytical and is based on a review of extant literature. Narrative review of literature suggested that despite the lack of consensus regarding what managerial skills actually mean, they are instrumental to organizational effectiveness. Though there is ongoing legacy of Katz's typology of managerial skills, several other typologies also prevail today. Synthesis of the major typologies of managerial skills revealed twenty-three specific skills that can be arranged under five broad categories of managerial skills-intra-personal, interpersonal, group, decision-making and problem solving, and technical. This paper can serve as a guide to universities and employers seeking to identify the managerial skills gap among their graduates as well as managers and design necessary interventions accordingly. Institutions that offer management training and development programs may also use the suggested typology to redefine their training and development curricula. Researchers may also use the framework of suggested typology of managerial skills to design their research for identifying the current status as well as skills gap in a chosen context.

Abstract—Daily growing of Internet technologies presents
complicated opportunities and challenges to organizations and
guiding them to develop new managerial roles and practices.
Academic researchers and business associations worldwide,
conducted several studies, which emphasized on clarifying
managers’ skills and competences, but there isn’t an overall
outlook on today’s requirements for e-commerce management.
Different companies have different points of view on what the
e-commerce manager’s roles and functions are. Some businesses
believe that e-commerce management includes marketing
functions; others dedicate it to IT functions or web design and
web development. In fact, e-commerce managers are in charge
of all related aspects of their business, from financial perspective
to website maintenance. Moreover, managerial decisions play a
substantial role in organization’s performance efficiency and
competitiveness in the irregular electronic era. So it is crucial
for business owners to be aware of latest e-skills to get their
business started successfully or either to help it develop. This
paper studies why and how e-commerce managers are trained to
deploy IT infrastructures for their business achievements.
Particularly, as e-commerce introduces new ways to
international business in which even small firms can operate as
global rivals, this article aimed to have a brief overview about
e-commerce management and e-skill training in current
business.

Index Terms—Business needs, business schools, electronic
commerce, managerial e-skills.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the main economic actors in terms of the healthy development of the countries’ economies and the increase of social welfare level. The continuity and success of these enterprises also have some social effects. Socially, effective use of capital, employment creation potential, support for the development and effective meeting of customer demands are among its most important and strategic features. The aim of this study is to determine the level
of knowledge of SME managers in Karaman province about strategic management discipline tools and to reveal their views on strategic management. Within the scope of the research, SMEs in the Karaman Organized Industrial Zone were determined according to the complete count method and a questionnaire study was applied. The differences in opinion and knowledge level according to the demographic variables of the participants were analyzed. According to the results of the research, there is a significant positive relationship between education level and strategic management awareness.

One of the primary functions of government is to ensure that resources consumed by government are proportionate with the benefits they deliver to society. In recent times and in many countries, there have been significant pressures on governments to assess how budgetary resources were used to achieve desired policy results. New concepts of transparency, value for money, economy-efficiency-effectiveness models, and civil society participation have significantly transformed the role of government. The shift from inputs and compliance to outputs and outcomes is continuing to change the nature of how governments the world over set, budget for, debate and deliver policy priorities. This brief provides an overview of the role of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) in informing budgetary decisions and presents one tool: The Readiness Assessmentthat can help determine the M&E capacity and demand present in a country. Case studies on the use of this assessment are included from Egypt, Romania, and a country in East Asia. This note expands upon an earlier PREM Note on "Assessing country readiness for resultsbased monitoring and evaluation systems, 1 " describing in detail the connection between M&E systems and budgetary processes.

Entrepreneurship consists of different elements gathered under certain circumstances that helps an entrepreneur to turn his/her vision into reality. This document represents a study that been conducted on three small companies (Polaris, Index and Liko) in order to identify the competences that an entrepreneur possess during the growth of the company and especially when it comes to building a team and building a professional relationship with the group who will be performing the business tasks to reach the main goals of the entire company. Throughout the research we found out that connection between the entrepreneur and the surrounding environment (family and friends) is a vital and critical factor, however the external network contributes directly on the success of the small company. The possessed competences and skills have a bigger meaning when it comes to organizing task and roles because if he/she lacks these competences then conflicts and misunderstanding can take a place and affect negatively on the company performance. The core competences that we found are communication management and skills, knowledge management and sharing, predefined roles and responsibilities, market analysis and financial understanding, management skills, problem solving and negotiation management.

Unit nurse managers in Malawi experience many challenges in the course of performing their roles. This affects their performance and service delivery including the quality of nursing care to patients. This study was conducted to determine the factors that hindered performance of unit managers in relation to expected quality of nursing services at two referral facilities (Kamuzu and Queen Elizabeth Central hospitals) in Malawi. These two central hospitals have the same structural settings and both offer specialized tertiary health services. A quantitative descriptive design was used to guide the planning and implementation of the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the two major hospitals in Malawi and all available 37 unit nurse managers during the time of the study at the two hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires after seeking consent from the participants and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The major roles identified by the unit managers were supervision (75.6%, n = 28) and coordination (70.3%, n = 26). Other roles such as team leader, liaison officer, research allocator, monitor and facilitator were rated by very few participants. Findings of the study showed that performance of unit nurse managers was affected by inadequate material (86.4%, n = 32) and human resources (94.5%, n = 35) and lack of managerial skills (5.4%, n = 2). In addition, the unit managers perceived their role to be stressful (38.9%, n = 14) and challenging (47.2%, n = 17). Therefore, there is a need to provide adequate material and human resources to the wards of the two central hospitals to enable the unit managers perform their duties efficiently.

The Kenyan Government has committed huge financial resources to youth development projects through the Uwezo fund. Despite establishment of Uwezo fund, Kenyan youths are not utilizing the funds as projected by the government. A report by District Youth Officer in Thika indicates that twenty eight youth groups have taken up Uwezo fund amounting to Kshs 1,560,000 as at 31st December 2016. The total amount repaid as at 30th June 2017 was Kshs 631,890, translating to 40.71 % repayment rate. Only 18.5% of the youth groups have fully settled their loan, 81.5% of the youth groups have not yet fully settled their loan with 40.7% of the youth groups failing to pay any amount on the loan. High default rate and low repayment rate indicates that Youth projects are not running well in Thika. It is in this regard that this study assessed influence of managerial skills on growth of projects in Kenya. A case of Uwezo funded youth projects in Thika Town. The study was guided by four objectives to:establish influence of leadership skills on growth of youth projects, determine the influence of marketing skills on growth of Uwezo funded youth projects, to assess extent to which financial management skills influence growth of Uwezo funded youth projects and to examine extent to which monitoring and evaluation skills influence growth of Uwezo funded youth projects. Descriptive survey design was employed for study. The study targeted 28 youth group projects funded under Uwezo Fund in Thika town with a sample of150 respondents participating in the study. Data was obtained using two instruments; Interview Schedule and Questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed by use inferential statistics and descriptive statistics while qualitative data was thematically analyzed based on specific objectives. From the study, it was established that majority of the youths had not attended leadership courses organized by Uwezo fund and many of them faced challenges in marketing their products. They also faced challenges in repaying their loans due to lack of adequate financial management skills. The study also established that though the youth carried out monitoring and evaluation of their projects they had no clear framework. The findings revealed that managerial skills have a positive influence on growth of Uwezo funded youth projects. The study recommends that before funding is done on a group, an elaborate and extensive training http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.9.2018.p8178 should be carried out in order to prepare youths in advance. The training of youths should focus on the following areas; Business management, market research, market strategies, monitoring and evaluation strategies and business leadership. An elaborate monitoring and evaluation framework of the fund should be set to ensure proper utilization of the funds.

This study has investigated the perception by New Zealand (NZ) managers of the relative importance of the skills and competencies they have and how they might go about acquiring those they perceive they need. Although there are a considerable number of studies on managerial skills and competencies, the literature is still inconclusive and much of it does not refer specifically to NZ. Therefore, the study undertook an online survey using a pre-structured questionnaire to collect primary data from managers of NZ firms. The results show that NZ managers rate interpersonal skills and communication skills higher than coaching and technical skills, and that they view 'on the job experience' as their primary source for up-skilling. Those who use training providers to up-skill prefer private to government-owned providers. The key attributes most favoured by managers are honesty, integrity and trustworthiness, with creativity the least favoured. It is a cause for concern to the future development of NZ firms that managers appear to place so little value on creativity. Therefore, study suggests that owners and directors should encourage their managers to consider creativity as a necessary attribute for enhancing innovation and competitiveness. The findings of this study may be of interest to managers, firms, training providers, researchers, and policy makers.

Localization also Known as Omanization aims to increase the number of Omani workforce in both public and private sectors in Oman. This study aims to determine the factors perceived to hinder localization practices in Oman's private sector. The research design is exploratory research. This research adopted quantitative research methodology. The study targeted the employees working under occupation of administrators, managers, and directors in Oman's private sector. The sample size is 84 respondents selected randomly. The study found that there is a strong positive relationship between leadership orientation and manager's localization. Also, Local managers having the ability of identifying and solving the work problem with high efficiency. However, local managers are not achieving their tasks with great efficiency as well as they needs to enhance the required knowledge and skills to accomplish job objective. Furthermore, the interpersonal skills of local managers enable them to work individually or within a group. However, an enhancement required in local managers skills in understanding their subordinate and motivate them. Moreover, a significant linear relationship identified with five factors which are: Managerial Skills, Monetary compensation, Non-Monetary compensation, Workplace Culture and Interpersonal skills. The demographic variables had no predictive ability for Leadership Orientation factor. Also, there is a statistically significant relationship between specific demographic variables and obstacles to manager's localization. The study concluded by providing some recommendations in enhancing localization the occupation of administrators, managers, and directors in Oman's private sector.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Entrepreneurship has become mandatory for different societies because not only does entrepreneurship make it possible for individuals to access the financial resources generated by the idea but it also facilitates the development of a country by solving problems in a new way. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explore and determine the relationship between entrepreneurial skills on job performance of managers and deputies working in the municipalities of Hormozgan province located in the south of Iran. METHODS: The present study is a descriptive-practical correlation in terms of how data was collected. The collected data were based on the quantitative research method used to measure job performance by means of the Standard 15 Questionnaire. For evaluating the entrepreneurship skills, the 20 researcher-made questionnaire with 20 statements was used based on the research literature. The statistical population of the study consisted of 350 managers ...

The main objective of the present study was to identify the required skills and competences for the managers of Telecom Company of the city of Ilam from the employee's perspective. The research method was descriptive-survey, and the participants were the staff of Ilam Telecom Company. 190 participants were selected randomly. The results of t-test and one the way ANOVA at the level of 0.05, and 95% confidence level showed that there is no significant difference between academic discipline and cognitive skills. There was a significant difference between gender and the three skills. There is no significant difference between experience and conceptual skills. Management competence was obtained based on the t-test and analysis of variance of these results. There was significant difference between gender and level of the managerial competence. There was a significant difference between the field of the study and the level of the managerial competence. And finally, between level of education and level of the conceptual competence, there was no significant difference.

Unit nurse managers in Malawi experience many challenges in the course of performing their roles. This affects their performance and service delivery including the quality of nursing care to patients. This study was conducted to determine the factors that hindered performance of unit managers in relation to expected quality of nursing services at two referral facilities (Kamuzu and Queen Elizabeth Central hospitals) in Malawi. These two central hospitals have the same structural settings and both offer specialized tertiary health services. A quantitative descriptive design was used to guide the planning and implementation of the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the two major hospitals in Malawi and all available 37 unit nurse managers during the time of the study at the two hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires after seeking consent from the participants and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The major roles identified by the unit managers were supervision (75.6%, n = 28) and coordination (70.3%, n = 26). Other roles such as team leader, liaison officer, research allocator, monitor and facilitator were rated by very few participants. Findings of the study showed that performance of unit nurse managers was affected by inadequate material (86.4%, n = 32) and human resources (94.5%, n = 35) and lack of managerial skills (5.4%, n = 2). In addition, the unit managers perceived their role to be stressful (38.9%, n = 14) and challenging (47.2%, n = 17). Therefore, there is a need to provide adequate material and human resources to the wards of the two central hospitals to enable the unit managers perform their duties efficiently.

The recent financial crisis that saw an increase in the risk premium and shareholders' return around the world is partly caused by the management use of excessive leverage. This paper investigates the effect of leverage and managerial skills on shareholders' return. Our regression analysis that accounts for managerial skill factors reveals that leverage has a positive relationship with shareholders' return. Similarly, managerial skills have a positive relationship with shareholders' return. Based on the findings, the study suggests that leverage and managerial skills may be priced in equity valuation. We develop an index measure of managerial skills and use the upper-echelon theory of the management literature to explain how managerial skills relate to shareholders' return.

Shipper, F. & Weer, C., (2011). “A Longitudinal Investigation of the Impact of Positive and Negative Coaching on Team Effectiveness.” Abstract published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Management, San Antonio, Texas, August 12-16, 2011.

This article explores the similarities and differences between coaching and other methods for developing professional and personal skills, like: consulting, mentoring and therapy. Issues covered include the definition of coaching, asserted by genus proximum et differentia specifica. Article consider also important factors that determine coaching, as process which can deliver tangible benefits to both individuals and organization, identify some of possible threats and proper antidote, making coaching successful.PL: W artykule zaprezentowany zostal obszar podobienstw i roznic pomiedzy coachingiem a pozostalymi metodami rozwoju profesjonalnych kompetencji i osobistych predyspozycji, m.in.: treningiem, mentoringiem, konsultingiem i nawet terapią. Zaproponowano takze analize zakresu znaczeniowego terminu „coaching” poprzez zastosowanie klasycznej procedury definiowania per genus proximum et differentia specifica. W artykule wskazano tez na kilka czynnikow warunkujących powodzenie coachingu jako procesu mogącego przynieśc korzyści zarowno jednostce jak i zespolowi oraz zidentyfikowano niektore spośrod zagrozen, mogących pojawic sie podczas wdrazania procesu coachingowego w organizacji.

The current competitive business environment is rapidly changing. Human resource is the main key to the business in recent years. In today’s retail business, the role of store leader is very important because the retail store performance is determined by a store leader. Unfortunately, some store leaders do not have the right mindset when running their job. The concept of intrapreneurship is to transform the personal initiative, innovative behaviour, and managerial skills into an individual performance. This framework of intrapreneurial mindset is expected to answer the gap in an empirical situation. The aim of this qualitative research is to construct the theoretical model by analyzing data inductively in the grounded theory approach. It utilizes interviews, observation and document analysis. Twenty-five individuals in a bicycle retail chain store in Indonesia were interviewed as theoretic samples. The result of research findings is the consistency of retail store leader who has an ...

The current competitive business environment is rapidly changing. Human resource is the main key to the business in recent years. In today's retail business, the role of store leader is very important because the retail store performance is determined by a store leader. Unfortunately, some store leaders do not have the right mindset when running their job. The concept of intrapreneurship is to transform the personal initiative, innovative behaviour, and managerial skills into an individual performance. This framework of intrapreneurial mindset is expected to answer the gap in an empirical situation. The aim of this qualitative research is to construct the theoretical model by analyzing data inductively in the grounded theory approach. It utilizes interviews, observation and document analysis. Twenty-five individuals in a bicycle retail chain store in Indonesia were interviewed as theoretic samples. The result of research findings is the consistency of retail store leader who has an intrapreneurial mindset will always involve the team and work for mutual achievement that prioritizes company's objective. It is useful for retail business practitioners to assign individual as a retail store leader. In addition, it also provides some suggestions to employees to improve their performance in business.

The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability and validity of entrepreneurial skills set construct developed by Smith and Eichholz (2008). The survey approach was used to collect response through 40 usable questionnaires from IT employees in Punjab as one of the largest populated province of Pakistan. The study adopted the stratified random sampling method for data collection. Then, reliability and validity of the instrument were assessed through experts from academia and industry and also from small sample of the data. The data was analyzed through SPSS v20 while results provide the evidence of validity and reliability of the instrument.

This chapter explores the constraints and challenges faced by District Health Management Teams (DMTs) as they strive to ensure the delivery of quality public health care in a rapidly changing environment characterised by major national reform initiatives, such as the re-engineering of primary health care (PHC) and the introduction of National Health Insurance (NHI).The main difficulties faced by this group of public health managers were identified through surveys and interviews conducted with a cross-section of managers from urban and rural districts. Data were collected using three methods. Firstly, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine district managers regarding the district planning process. Secondly, quantitative data using a structured questionnaire were collected from 233 operational and district managers within these nine districts regarding their qualifications and their length of service within the health department. Thirdly, this information was s...

Adverse events in surgery have highlighted the importance of non-technical skills, such as communication, decision-making, teamwork, situational awareness and leadership, to effective organizational performance. These skills carry particular importance to surgical oncology, as members of a multidisciplinary team must work cohesively to formulate effective patient care plans. Several non-technical skills evaluation tools have been developed for use in surgery, without adequate comparison and consensus on which should be standard for training. Eleven articles describing the use of three non-technical evaluation tools related to surgery: NOTSS (Non Technical Skills for Surgeons), NOTECHS (Non Technical Skills) and OTAS (Observational Teamwork Assessment for Surgery) were analyzed with respect to scale formulation, validity, reliability and feasibility. Furthermore, their use in training thus far and the future of non-technical rating scales in surgical curricula was discussed. Future work should focus on incorporating these assessment tools into training and into a real operating room setting to provide formative evaluations for surgical residents.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar as principais capacidades e competências consideradas importantes para a atuação gerencial no mercado atual (de acordo com a percepção dos pós-graduandos); a contribuição dos cursos de MBA, em termos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento dessas capacidades e competências; e a inter-relação desses resultados com a literatura. A partir desses objetivos, este trabalho buscou, primeiramente, revisar referencial bibliográfico que abordasse a questão das competências gerenciais essenciais, para, posteriormente, poder relacioná-lo com os dados empíricos levantados. Sendo assim, através de uma pesquisa junto a 23 pós-graduandos lato sensu de um curso de MBA Executivo Internacional da UFRGS, encontraram-se resultados que demonstram, por um lado, a contemporaneidade dessas abordagens, e, por outro, o entendimento por parte dos gestores das exigências para desempenhar com sucesso suas funções. Além disso, de um modo geral, percebe-se que a contribuição dos cursos tem sido avaliada como positiva pelos pós-graduandos, apesar de ainda ser necessário ampliar a flexibilização das metodologias e aprofundar as abordagens de ensino nesses cursos. Por fim, diante das limitações apontadas na pesquisa e de uma certa carência de estudos empíricos sobre o objetivo proposto, sugere-se investigar a efetividade do desenvolvimento e o impacto dessas capacidades e competências nas organizações. Palavras-chaves: competências gerenciais; aprendizagem; educação gerencial; gestores; desenvolvimento de competências.

The Kenyan Government has committed huge financial resources to youth development projects through the Uwezo fund. Despite establishment of Uwezo fund, Kenyan youths are not utilizing the funds as projected by the government. A report by District Youth Officer in Thika indicates that twenty eight youth groups have taken up Uwezo fund amounting to Kshs 1,560,000 as at 31 st December 2016. The total amount repaid as at 30 th June 2017 was Kshs 631,890, translating to 40.71 % repayment rate. Only 18.5% of the youth groups have fully settled their loan, 81.5% of the youth groups have not yet fully settled their loan with 40.7% of the youth groups failing to pay any amount on the loan. High default rate and low repayment rate indicates that Youth projects are not running well in Thika. It is in this regard that this study assessed influence of managerial skills on growth of projects in Kenya. A case of Uwezo funded youth projects in Thika Town. The study was guided by four objectives to:establish influence of leadership skills on growth of youth projects, determine the influence of marketing skills on growth of Uwezo funded youth projects, to assess extent to which financial management skills influence growth of Uwezo funded youth projects and to examine extent to which monitoring and evaluation skills influence growth of Uwezo funded youth projects. Descriptive survey design was employed for study. The study targeted 28 youth group projects funded under Uwezo Fund in Thika town with a sample of150 respondents participating in the study. Data was obtained using two instruments; Interview Schedule and Questionnaire. Quantitative data was analyzed by use inferential statistics and descriptive statistics while qualitative data was thematically analyzed based on specific objectives. From the study, it was established that majority of the youths had not attended leadership courses organized by Uwezo fund and many of them faced challenges in marketing their products. They also faced challenges in repaying their loans due to lack of adequate financial management skills. The study also established that though the youth carried out monitoring and evaluation of their projects they had no clear framework. The findings revealed that managerial skills have a positive influence on growth of Uwezo funded youth projects. The study recommends that before funding is done on a group, an elaborate and extensive training should be carried out in order to prepare youths in advance. The training of youths should focus on the following areas; Business management, market research, market strategies, monitoring and evaluation strategies and business leadership. An elaborate monitoring and evaluation framework of the fund should be set to ensure proper utilization of the funds.

Leaders with global skills are in demand by MNCs. Global management skills depend on the applicability of management practices across cultures. Using data from managers in 50 countries, this study examines the interaction effect of cultural values and managerial skills on two outcomes, employees' attitudes and workgroup effectiveness. Our results indicate that cultural values tend to have a greater effect when a manager is less skilled than when the manager is highly skilled. When the manager is highly skilled, the interaction effects of culture tend to disappear. The practical and research implications of these findings are discussed.

The purpose of the study was to establish factors influencing the implementation of social protection projects in Kamukunji Sub County. The study was informed by resource based theory which was linked to resources availability. The research used descriptive research design. The population sample size was 198 respondents drawn from Kamukunji Sub County. The study findings indicated that the four variables that are managerial skills, Resource mobilization positively and significantly affect the implementation of social protection projects in Kamukunji Sub County. The study recommends that future studies should focus on other sectors. The study sought to find out the relationship between managerial skills and implementation of projects, from the findings the respondents agreed that managerial skills influence implementation of social protection projects, with specific emphasis on technical ability and interpersonal proficiency and conceptual expertise. From the findings, the respondents agreed that resource mobilization affects the implementation of social protection projects.