German Tutorials Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and Grammar: Download Babelfish Translator

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German Tutorials Basic Phrases, Vocabulary and

Grammar
Note: Before heading to the tutorial I would Strictly recommend to download any
online dictionary which could easily translate the difficult German words
proided below so that you can understand them easily and learn !uic"ly, if
you hae one so that#s good if not then I#ll personally prefer Babel$ish
dictionary which is free so you don#t need to buy it% The download lin" is
proided below:
Download BabelFish Translator
1. Basic Phrases
Guten &orgen
goot-en mor-gen
Good Morning
Guten Tag
goot-en tahk
Hello/Good Day
Guten 'bend
goot-en ah-bent
Good Evening
Gute Nacht
goot-eh nakht
Good Night
Tag ( )allo ( Serus
tahk / hah-loh / sair-voohs
Hi / Hello / Hi Bye
!"o#thern Ger$any %#stria&
'uf *iedersehen
owf vee-dair-zayn
Goodbye
Gr+, dich ( Gr+, Gott-
Hello' / Greetings' !"o#thern
Ger$any %#stria&
Tsch+s ( Tschau
tchews / chow
Bye'
Gehen wir-
geh-en veer
(et)s go'
Bis sp.ter
biss shpay-ter
"ee yo# later
Bis bald
biss bahlt
"ee yo# soon
Bis morgen
biss mohr-gen
"ee yo# to$orrow
Bitte
bih-tuh
Please
/an"e 0sch1n ( sehr2
dahn-kuh shurn/zair
Than* yo#
Bitte sch1n
bih-tuh shurn
+o#)re welco$e
3s tut mir leid%
ehs toot meer lite
,)$ sorry
3ntschuldigen Sie
ehnt-shool-dih-gun zee
E-c#se $e
Ver4eihung
Pardon $e
*ie geht es Ihnen5
vee gayt es ee-nen
How are yo#. !/or$al&
*ie geht6s5
vee gayts
How are yo#. !in/or$al&
0Sehr2 Gut ( So lala
zair goot / zo lahlah
!0ery& Good / 12
Schlecht ( Nicht Gut
shlekht / nisht goot
Bad / Not good
3s geht%
ess gate
,)$ o*. !in/or$al&
7a ( Nein
yah / nine
+es / No
*ie hei,en Sie5
vee hie-ssen zee
3hat)s yo#r na$e. !/or$al&
*ie hei,t du5
vee hiesst doo
3hat)s yo#r na$e.
!in/or$al&
Ich hei,e%%%
ikh hie-ssuh
My na$e is... 4, a$ called...5
3s freut mich%
froyt mikh
Pleased to $eet yo#.
Gleichfalls%
glykh-fals
(i*ewise.
)err ( $rau ( $r.ulein
hair / frow / froi-line
Mister / Misses / Miss
*oher "ommen Sie5
vo-hair koh-men zee
3here are yo# /ro$.
!/or$al&
*oher "ommst du5
vo-hair kohmst doo
3here are yo# /ro$.
!in/or$al&
Ich "omme aus%%%
ikh koh-muh ows...
,)$ /ro$...
*o wohnen Sie5
vo voh-nen zee
3here do yo# live. !/or$al&
*o wohnst du5
vo vohnst doo
3here do yo# live.
!in/or$al&
Ich wohne in%%%
ikh voh-nuh in
, live in...
*ie alt sind Sie5
vee alt zint zee
How old are yo#. !/or$al&
*ie alt bist du5
vee alt bisst doo
How old are yo#. !in/or$al&
Ich bin 8888 7ahre alt%
ikh bin ____ yaa-reh alt
, a$ 6666 years old.
Sprechen Sie deutsch5
shpreck-en zee doytch
Do yo# s7ea* Ger$an.
!/or$al&
Sprichst du englisch5
shprikhst doo eng-lish
Do yo# s7ea* English.
!in/or$al&
Ich spreche 0"ein2%%%
ikh shpreck-uh kine
, !don)t& s7ea*...
Verstehen Sie5 ( Verstehst
du5
fehr-shtay-en zee / fehr-
shtayst doo
Do yo# #nderstand. !/or$al /
in/or$al&
Ich erstehe 0nicht2%
ikh fehr-shtay-eh nikht
, !don)t& #nderstand.
Ich wei, 0nicht2%
ikh vise nikht
, !don)t& *now.
91nnen Sie mir helfen5
ker-nen zee meer hell-fen
8an yo# hel7 $e. !/or$al&
9annst du mir helfen5
kahnst doo meer hell-fen
8an yo# hel7 $e.
!in/or$al&
Nat+rlich ( Gerne
nah-tewr-likh / gair-nuh
1/ co#rse / Gladly
9ann ich Ihnen helfen5
kahn ikh ee-nen hell-fen
May , hel7 yo#. !/or$al&
9ann ich dir helfen5
kahn ikh deer hell-fen
May , hel7 yo#. !in/or$al&
*ie bitte5
vee bih-tuh
3hat. Pardon $e.
*ie hei,t 888 auf deutsch5
vee heist ___ owf doytch
How do yo# say 666 in
Ger$an.
*o ist ( *o sind%%% 5
voh ist / voh zint
3here is / 3here are... .
3s gibt%%%
ess geept
There is / are...
*as ist los5
vahs ist lohs
3hat)s the $atter.
/as macht nichts%
dass makht nikhts
,t doesn)t $atter.
/as ist mir egal%
dass ist meer eh-gahl
, don)t care.
9eine 'ngst-
ky-nuh ahngst
Don)t worry'
Ich habe es ergessen%
ikh hah-buh ess fehr-geh-
sen
, /orgot.
7et4t muss ich gehen%
yetz mooss ikh geh-en
, $#st go now.
Ich habe )unger ( /urst%
ikh hah-buh hoong-er / dirst
,)$ h#ngry / thirsty.
Ich bin "ran" ( m+de.
ikh bin krahnk moo-duh
,)$ sic* / tired.
Ich habe :angeweile%
ikh hah-buh lahn-guh-vy-luh
,)$ bored.
Ich m1chte ( Ich h.tte
gern%%%
ikh merkh-tuh / ikh heh-tuh
gairn
,)d li*e...
/as gef.llt mir%
dahs geh-fehlt meer
, li*e it.
Prima ( Toll ( Super-
pree-mah / tohl / zoo-pair
Great / Fantastic'
Gesundheit-
geh-soont-hyt
Bless yo#'
)er4lichen Gl+c"wunsch-
herts-likh-en glewk-voonsh
8ongrat#lations'
Sei ruhig-
zy roo-hikh
Be 9#iet' !in/or$al&
*ill"ommen-
vil-koh-men
3elco$e'
Viel Gl+c"-
feel glewk
Good l#c*'
Schauen Sie mal- ( Schau
mal-
show-en zee mal / show mal
(oo*' !/or$al / in/or$al&
Bitte sch1n5
+es. / 3hat wo#ld yo# li*e
to order.
*as darf6s sein5
3hat can , get yo#. / How
can , hel7 yo#.
Sonst noch etwas5
%nything else.
Bitte sch1n%
Here yo# go. !handing
so$ething to so$eone&
;ahlen bitte-
The chec*: 7lease'
Stimmt so%
2ee7 the change.
Ich bin satt%
,)$ /#ll.
&ir ist schlecht%
, /eel sic*.
3s tut mir weh%
,t h#rts.
Ich liebe dich%
ikh leeb-uh dikh
, love yo#. !in/or$al&
/u fehlst mir%
, $iss yo#. !in/or$al&
'lles ist in <rdnung%
Everything is /ine.
*ie w.re es mit %%% 5
How abo#t....
*as f+r ein%%%5
3hat *ind o/ !a&....
Nicht wahr5
4general tag 9#estion5
Ich is not act#ally 7rono#nced ikh: #nless yo# are s7ea*ing a northern dialect o/
Ger$an. ,/ yo# are s7ea*ing a so#thern dialect: then it is $ore li*e ish. There is no
e9#ivalent so#nd in English. ,n standard Ger$an: it is so$ewhere between ish and i*h.
Technically: it is a voiceless 7alatal /ricative and its voiced co#nter7art is the y so#nd in
yes.
;. Pron#nciation
German Vowels English Pronunciation
=i> viel meet, eat
=y> *<hl ee ro#nded / long vowel
= > Tisch mitt, it
= > h<bsch ih ro#nded / short vowel
=e> Tee mate, wait
=?> sch=n ay ro#nded / long vowel
[] Bett met, wet
=@> >w=l/ eh ro#nded / short vowel
=a> Mann mop, not
=> *a$ ah / longer vowel than 4a5
=u> g#t boot, suit
= > $#ss put, soot
=o> "ohn coat, goat
=> "toc* caught, bought
=> bitte cut, what
= > 3etter #hr / also short vowel li*e 45
ighlighted vowels do not e!ist in English.
Notice that words s7elled with 1 and + can be 7rono#nced with a long or short vowel: so
deter$ining the 7ron#nciation based on the s7elling is not 7ossible. The other #$la#ted
letter: .: is generally 7rono#nced as 4e5: tho#gh it can be 7rono#nced as 45 in so$e
dialects. % general r#le /or 7ron#nciation: however: states that the short vowels /
/ $#st be /ollowed by a consonant: whereas the long vowels / i y # e ? o / can occ#r at
the end o/ the syllable or word.
German /iphthongs English Pronunciation
=a > ein: $ein eye: b#y: why
=a > au/: *au/en cow: now: how
= > neu: Geb.ude toy: boy: /oil
German Aonsonants
There are a /ew Ger$an consonants that do not e-ist in English: and so$e consonant
co$binations that are not co$$on in English. Notice that the 7ron#nciation o/ the
Ger$an r changes according to the location in the co#ntries that s7ea* Ger$an: i.e. 4@5 in
northern Ger$any and 4r5 in so#thern Ger$any: %#stria and "wit>erland.
"pelling #P$ "ample words ow to pronounce%
ch 0with owels e and
i2
4A5
Ahemie, mich,
nicht
&ake yuh sound voiceless 'no vibration
of vocal cords(
ch 0with owels a, o, u2 4-5
Buch, lachen,
"ochen
&ake kuh sound a fricative 'continuous
airflow(
pf 47/5
'pfel, Pferd,
Pfanne
Pronounce together as one sound
4 4ts5
;eit, ;ug,
Tan4
Pronounce together as one sound
B 4B5
Ba, 7anuar,
7unge
yuh
!u 4*v5
Cuote, Cui4,
Cuitte
kv
st ( sp 0at beginning of
syllable2
4 t5 /
4 75
Stadt,
sprechen
sht / shp
sch 4 5
schen"en,
schlafen
sh
th 4t5
Theater,
Thron
t
4/5
Vater,
erboten
f
w 4v5 *asser, warm v
, 4s5 Stra,e, gro, s
s 0before owel2 4>5 Sal4, seit, Sit4 z
,n addition: the so#nds 4b5: 4d5: and 4g5 lose their voicing at the end o/ a syllable: so they
are 7rono#nced as their voiceless co#nter7arts 475: 4t5: and 4*5: res7ectively. However: the
s7elling does not re/lect the 7ron#nciation.
Stress
"tress generally /alls on the /irst syllable o/ the word: e-ce7t in words borrowed /ro$
other lang#ages: where the stress /alls on the last syllable !es7ecially with French words.&
D% 'lphabet
a ah B yoht s ess
b bay " *ah t tay
c tsay l el u oo
d day m e$ /ow
e ay n en w vay
f e// o oh E ee*s
g gay p 7ay y ir7CseClon
h hah ! *oo 4 tset
i ee r ehr
There is another letter in written Ger$an: D !esC>et&: 7rono#nced li*e 4s5. However: this
letter is only #sed a/ter long vowels or di7hthongs: and it is not #sed at all in "wit>erland.
F% Nouns G Aases
%ll no#ns have a gender in Ger$an: either $asc#line: /e$inine or ne#ter. There really
isn)t a lot o/ logic to which no#ns are which gender: so yo# $#st $e$ori>e the gender o/
each no#n.
1. Male 7ersons or ani$als: the seasons: $onths: and days are all masculine: as are no#ns
ending in Cant: Cast: Cich: Cig: Cis$#s: Cling: Cor and C#s.
;. Fe$ale 7ersons or ani$als: and n#$erals are all feminine: as are no#ns ending in Ca:
Can>: Cei: Cen>: Cheit: Cie: Ci*: Cin: C*eit: Cscha/t: Csion: Csis: CtEt: Ction: C#ng and C#r.
F. +o#ng 7ersons or ani$als: $etals: che$ical ele$ents: letters o/ the al7habet: hotels:
resta#rants: cine$as: continents: co#ntries and 7rovinces are all neuter: as are no#ns that
end in Cchen: Cicht: Cil: Cit: Clein: C$a: C$ent: Ctel: Ct#$: and C#$. No#ns re/erring to
things that end in Cal: Can: Car: CEt: Cent: Cett: Cier: Civ: Co and Con: as well as $ost words
with the 7re/i- geC and $ost no#ns ending in Cnis and Csal are also ne#ter.
%ll no#ns in Ger$an are ca7itali>ed in writing.
%ll no#ns !as well as 7rono#ns and adBectives& have a case de7ending on what /#nction
they serve in the sentence. These $ay see$ strange: b#t re$e$ber that English #ses
cases alsoG however: we wo#ld say direct obBect instead o/ acc#sative: or indirect obBect
instead o/ dative. %ltho#gh these cases $ay $a*e learning new words di//ic#lt: they
act#ally hel7 with word order beca#se the 7osition o/ words in a sentence is not as /i-ed
in Ger$an as it is in English. %nd the reason /or that is beca#se words can occ#r in these
/o#r casesH
Nominatie s#bBect o/ the sentence The girl is reading.
'ccusatie direct obBects
3e see the
$o#ntain.
, bo#ght a gi/t.
/atie indirect obBects
3e tal* to the
g#ide.
, gave $y $o$ a
gi/t.
Genitie
indicates 7ossession or
relationshi7
The boo* of the
girl.
The dog)s tail.
The no#ns yo# loo* #7 in a dictionary will be in the no$inative case.
H% 'rticles G /emonstraties
/efinite 'rticles 0The2
Masc#line Fe$inine Ne#ter Pl#ral
)ominative der 'dare( die 'dee( das 'dahs( die
$ccusative den 'dane( die das die
*ative dem 'dame( der dem den
+enitive des 'dess( der des der
Indefinite 'rticles 0', 'n2
Masc#line Fe$inine Ne#ter
)om. ein 'ine( eine 'ine-uh( ein
$cc. einen 'ine-en( eine ein
*at. einem 'ine-em( einer'ine-er( einem
+en. eines 'ine-es( einer eines
/emonstraties 0This, That, These, Those2
This ( These That ( Those
Masc. Fe$. Ne#. Pl. Masc. Fe$. Ne#. Pl.
)om. dieser diese dieses diese der die das die
$cc. diesen diese dieses diese den die das die
*at. diesem dieser diesem diesen dem der dem den
+en. dieses dieser dieses dieser des der des der
7ener is an older word /o#nd in written Ger$an that was #sed to $ean that or those: b#t
today in s7o*en Ger$an the de/inite articles are #sed. /ort or da $ay acco$7any the
de/inite articles /or e$7hasis. /as is also a #niversal de$onstrative and there/ore shows
no agree$ent. Notice the last letter o/ each o/ the words above. They corres7ond to the
last letters o/ the words /or the de/inite articles. 3ords that are /or$ed this sa$e way are
called der-words beca#se they /ollow the 7attern o/ the derCdieCdas declension. 1ther
derCwords areH BederCevery: and welcherCwhich. &ancher !$any& and solcher !s#ch&
are also derCwords: b#t they are #sed al$ost always in the 7l#ral.
I% SubBect 0Nominatie2 Pronouns
SubBect Pronouns
ich ikh , wir veer we
du doo yo# !/a$iliar& ihr eer yo# !all&
er, sie, es, man air, zee, ess, mahn he: she: it: one sie, Sie zee they: yo# !/or$al&
&an can be translated as one: we: they or the 7eo7le in general. 3hen re/erring to no#ns
as it: yo# #se er /or $asc#line no#ns: sie /or /e$inine no#ns and es /or ne#ter no#ns.
However: the de/inite articles der, die and das can be s#bstit#ted /or er, sie and es to
show $ore e$7hasis.
J% To Be, to )ae, G to Become
Present tense of sein K to be 'zine(
, a$ ich bin ikh bin we are wir sind veer zint
yo# are
!/a$iliar&
du bist doo bihst yo# !7l#ral& are ihr seid eer zide
he/she/it is er(sie(es ist
air/zee/ess
isst
they/yo# !/or$al&
are
sie(Sie sind zee zint
Past tense of sein
, was ich war ikh var we were wir waren
veer vah-
ren
yo# were
!/a$iliar&
du warst doo varst yo# !7l#ral& were ihr wart eer vart
he/she/it was er(sie(es air/zee/es var they/yo# !/or$al& sie(Sie zee vah-
war were waren ren
Present tense of haben K to hae 'hah-ben(
ich habe hah-buh wir haben hah-ben
du hast hahst ihr habt hahbt
er(sie(es hat haht sie(Sie haben hah-ben
Past tense of haben
ich hatte hah-tuh wir hatten hah-ten
du hattest hah-test ihr hattet hah-tet
er(sie(es hatte hah-tuh sie(Sie hatten hah-ten
Present tense of werden K to become 'vair-den(
ich werde vair-duh wir werden vair-den
du wirst veerst ihr werdet vair-det
er(sie(es wird veert sie(Sie werden vair-den
Past tense of werden
ich wurde voor-duh wir wurden voor-den
du wurdest voor-dest ihr wurdet voor-det
er(sie(es wurde voor-duh sie(Sie wurden voor-den
)aben is /re9#ently #sed in e-7ressions that wo#ld nor$ally ta*e to be in English.
Ich habe )unger% I , a$ h#ngry.
,ch hatte /urst% I , was thirsty.
Ich habe :angeweile% I , a$ bored.
Ich hatte )eimweh. I , was ho$esic*.
Ich habe 'ngst% I , a$ a/raid.
,n everyday s7eech: the /inal Ce on the ich conB#gations can be dro77edH ich hab6 or hab6
ich
L% Mseful *ords
and und oont isn)t it. nicht wahr5 nikht vahr
b#t aber ah-ber too bad schade shah-duh
very sehr zair gladly gern gehrn
or oder oh-der i$$ediately sofort zoh-fort
here hier here s#re!ly& sicher0lich2 zikh-er-likh
also auch owkh b#t: rather sondern zohn-dehrn
both beide by-duh /inally schlie,lich shleess-likh
so$e etwas eht-vahss right' stimmt shtimt
only nur noor anyway +berhaupt oo-ber-howpt
again wieder vee-der eno#gh genug guh-nook
ho7e/#lly hoffentlich hoh-fent-likh e-act!ly& genau guh-now
between 4wischen zvish-en so$eti$es manchmal mahnch-mal
there/ore deshalb des-halp always immer im-er
a lot: $any iel0e2 feel'uh( never nie nee
really wir"lich veerk-lish o/ten oft ohft
together 4usammen tsoo-zah-men o/ co#rse "lar klahr
all alle ahl-luh 7erha7s ielleicht fee-likht
now Bet4t yetst a little ein bisschen ine biss-khen
so also al-zoh a little ein wenig ine vay-nikh
another noch ein nohkh ine not at all gar nicht gar nikht
already schon shone not a bit "ein bisschen kine biss-khen
3s gibt is co$$only #sed to $ean there is/are and it is always /ollowed by the
acc#sative case.
N% Cuestion *ords
3ho wer vehr
3ho$
!acc.&
wen vain
3hat was vahs
3ho$
!dat.&
wem vaim
3hy warum
vah-
room
How
co$e
wieso vee-zo
3hen wann vahn
3here
/ro$
woher vo-hair
3here wo voh
3here
to
wohin vo-hin
How wie vee 3hich
welche(K
r(Ks
velsh-
uh/er/es
OP% Numbers ( /ie Nummern
J null nool
1 eins ines 1st erste
; 4wei tsvy ;nd 4weite
F drei dry Frd dritte
K ier feer Kth ierte
L f+nf fewnf Lth f+nfte
M sechs zecks Mth sechste
N sieben zee-bun Nth siebte
O acht ahkht Oth achte
P neun noyn Pth neunte
1J 4ehn tsayn 1Jth 4ehnte
11 elf elf 11th elfte
1; 4w1lf tsvurlf 1;th 4w1lfte
1F drei4ehn dry-tsayn 1Fth drei4ehnte
1K ier4ehn feer-tsayn 1Kth ier4ehnte
1L f+nf4ehn fewnf-tsayn 1Lth f+nf4ehnte
1M sech4ehn zeck-tsayn 1Mth sech4ehnte
1N sieb4ehn zeep-tsayn 1Nth sieb4ehnte
1O acht4ehn ahkh-tsayn 1Oth acht4ehnte
1P neun4ehn noyn-tsayn 1Pth neun4ehnte
;J 4wan4ig tsvahn-tsikh ;Jth 4wan4igste
;1 einund4wan4ig ine-oont-tsvahn-tsikh ;1st einund4wan4igste
;; 4weiund4wan4ig tsvy-oont-tsvahn-tsikh ;;nd 4weiund4wan4igste
;F dreiund4wan4ig dry-oont-tsvahn-tsikh ;Frd dreiund4wan4igste
;K ierund4wan4ig feer-oont-tsvahn-tsikh ;Kth ierund4wan4igste
FJ drei,ig dry-sikh FJth drei,igste
KJ ier4ig feer-tsikh KJth ier4igste
LJ f+nf4ig fewnf-tsikh LJth f+nf4igste
MJ sech4ig zekh-tsikh MJth sech4igste
NJ sieb4ig zeep-tsikh NJth sieb4igste
OJ acht4ig ahkh-tsikh OJth acht4igste
PJ neun4ig noyn-tsikh PJth neun4igste
1JJ 0ein2hundert ine-hoon-duhrt
1:JJJ 0ein2tausend ine-tow-zuhnt
"o$eti$es >wo 'tsvoh( is #sed instead o/ >wei to avoid con/#sion with drei when tal*ing
on the tele7hone. The #se o/ co$$as and 7eriods is switched in Ger$an: tho#gh a s7ace
is co$$only #sed to se7arate tho#sandths: i.e. 1:JJJ wo#ld be 1 JJJ. 3hen saying
tele7hone n#$bers: yo# can either say each n#$ber individ#ally or gro#7 the$ in twos.
For years: yo# #se the h#ndredsH 1PN; is ne#n>ehn h#ndert >wei#ndsieb>igG or the
tho#sandsH ;JJL is >wei ta#send /<n/.
*ann sind Sie geboren5 3hen were yo# born.
Ich bin in ONLQ geboren% , was born in 1PO;.
OO% /ays of the *ee" ( /ie Tage
Monday &ontag mohn-tahk
T#esday /ienstag deens-tahk
3ednesday &ittwoch mit-vock
Th#rsday /onnerstag don-ers-tahk
Friday $reitag fry-tahk
"at#rday
!) , E +ermany&
Samstag
Sonnabend
zahms-tahk
zon-nah-bent
"#nday Sonntag zon-tahk
day der Tag 0Ke2 dehr tahk
$orning der &orgen 0K2 mawr-gun
a/ternoon der Nachmittag 0Ke2 nakh-mih-tahk
evening der 'bend 0Ke2 ah-bunt
night die Nacht 0., Ke2 nahkt
today heute hoy-tuh
to$orrow morgen mawr-gun
tonight heute 'bend hoy-tuh ah-bunt
yesterday gestern geh-stairn
last night gestern 'bend geh-stairn ah-bunt
wee* die *oche 0Kn2 voh-kuh
wee*end das *ochenende 0Kn2 voh-ken-en-duh
daily t.glich teh-glikh
wee*ly w1chentlich wer-khent-likh
To say on a certain day or the wee*end: #se am. %dd an Cs to the day to e-7ress Qon
Mondays: T#esdays: etc.Q %ll days: $onths and seasons are $asc#line so they all #se the
sa$e /or$ o/ these wordsH Beden C every: n.chsten C ne-t: let4ten C last !as in the last o/
a series&: origen C 7revio#s. In der *oche is the e-7ression /or Qd#ring the wee*Q in
Northern and Eastern Ger$any: while unter der *oche is #sed in "o#thern Ger$any:
%#stria and "wit>erland.
OQ% &onths of the Rear ( /ie &onate
Ran#ary 7anuar yah-noo-ahr
'$ustria( Jnner yeh-ner
Febr#ary $ebruar fay-broo-ahr
March &.r4 mehrts
%7ril 'pril ah-pril
May &ai my
R#ne 7uni yoo-nee
R#ly 7uli yoo-lee
%#g#st 'ugust ow-goost
"e7te$ber September zehp-tehm-ber
1ctober <"tober ok-toh-ber
Nove$ber Noember no-vehm-ber
Dece$ber /e4ember deh-tsem-ber
$onth der &onat 0Ke2 moh-naht
year das 7ahr 0Ke2 yaar
$onthly monatlich moh-naht-likh
yearly B.hrlich -ehr-likh
To say in a certain $onth: #se im.
*ann hast du Geburtstag5 3hen is yo#r birthday.
&ein Geburtstag ist im &ai% My birthday is in May.
1F. "easons / Die Rahres>eiten
3inter der *inter dehr vin-ter
"7ring der $r+hling dehr frew-ling
"#$$er der Sommer dehr zom-mer
%#t#$n der )erbst dehr hehrpst
To say in the S a season: #se im.
OF% /irections ( /ie Sichtungen
right rechts
le/t lin"s
straight geradeaus
North der Norden
"o#th der S+den
East der <sten
3est der *esten
im Norden I in the North
nach 1sten I to the East
aus 3esten I /ro$ the 3est
OH% Aolors G Shapes ( /ie $arben G /ie $ormen
orange orange s9#are das Vierec"
7in* rosa circle der 9reis
7#r7le iolett ( lila triangle das /reiec"
bl#e blau rectangle das Sechtec"
yellow gelb oval das <al
red rot octagon das 'chtec"
blac* schwar4 c#be der *+rfel
brown braun s7here die 9ugel
gray grau cone der 9egel
white wei, cylinder der ;ylinder
green gr+n
t#r9#oise t+r"is
beige beige
silver silber
gold gold
Beca#se colors are adBectives: they $#st agree in gender and n#$ber with the no#n they
describe i/ they are 7laced be/ore the no#n. However: not all adBectives agree: s#ch as
colors ending in Ca or CeG nor do they agree when they are #sed as 7redicate adBectives.
More abo#t %dBectives in Ger$an ,,,. To say that a color is light: 7#t hellK be/ore it: and
to say that a color is dark: 7#t dun"elK be/ore it.
/as Vierec" ist braun% The s9#are is brown.
/as Sechtec" ist hellblau% The rectange is light bl#e.
OI% Time ( /ie ;eit
3hat ti$e is it. *ie sp.t ist es5 vee shpayt isst ess
!,t is& ; %M 3s ist 4wei Mhr nachts ess ist tsvy oor nahkts
; PM 3s ist 4wei Mhr nachmittags tsvy oor nahk-mih-tahks
MH;J 3s ist sechs Mhr 4wan4ig ze! oor tsvahn-tsikh
hal/ 7ast F 3s ist halb ier hahlp feer
9#arter 7ast K 3s ist Viertel nach ier feer-tel nahk feer
9#arter to L 3s ist Viertel or f+nf feer-tel for fewnf
1J 7ast 11 3s ist 4ehn nach elf tsyan nahk elf
;J to N 3s ist 4wan4ig or sieben tsvahn-tsikh for zee-bun
noon 3s ist nachmittag nakh-mih-tahk
$idnight 3s ist mitternacht mih-ter-nahk
in the $orning morgens ( fr+h mawr-guns / frew
in the evening abends aah-bunts
,t)s e-actly... 3s ist genau%%% ess ist guh-now
%t O. Mm L Mhr% oom akht oor
early!ier& fr+h0er2 frew'er(
late!r& sp.t0er2 shpayt'er(
1//icial ti$e: s#ch as /or b#s and train sched#les: always #ses the ;K ho#r cloc*. Notice
that halb S n#$ber $eans half to: not half past: so yo# have to #se the ho#r that co$es
ne-t.
OJ% *eather ( /as *etter
How)s the weather
today.
*ie ist das *etter
heute5
vie ist dahs vet-ter hoy-
tuh
,t)s hot 3s ist hei, ess isst hise
,t)s cold 3s ist "alt ess isst kahlt
,t)s bea#ti/#l 3s ist sch1n ess isst shern
,t)s bad 3s ist schlecht ess isst shlehkt
,t)s clear 3s ist "lar ess isst klahr
,t)s icy 3s ist eisig ess isst ise-ikh
,t)s war$ 3s ist warm ess isst varm
,t)s s#nny 3s ist sonnig ess isst zohn-ikh
,t)s windy 3s ist windig ess isst vin-dikh
,t)s clo#dy 3s ist bew1l"t ess isst beh-verlkt
,t)s ha>y 3s ist dunstig ess isst doons-tikh
,t)s $#ggy 3s ist schw+l ess isst schvool
,t)s h#$id 3s ist feucht ess isst foikht
,t)s /oggy 3s ist nebelig ess isst neh-beh-likh
,t)s snowing 3s schneit ess schnite
,t)s raining 3s regnet ess rayg-net
,t)s /ree>ing 3s friert ess freert
,t loo*s li*e rain.
3s sieht nach Segen
aus%
es seet nahkh ray-gen
ows
The weather is clearing
/as *etter "l.rt sich
auf%
dahs vett-er klairt sikh
owf
OL% $amily ( /ie $amilie
Parents die 3ltern @elative der Verwandte 0Kn2
Mother die &utter 0+2 Man der &ann 0., Ker2
Father der Vater 0.2 "ir / Mister der )err 0Ken2
"on der Sohn 01, Ke2
3o$an / Ma)a$ /
Mrs. / Ms.
die $rau 0Ken2
Da#ghter die Tochter 012 H#sband der 3hemann 0., Ker2
Brother der Bruder 0+2 3i/e die 3hefrau 0Ken2
"ister die Schwester 0Kn2 Boy der 7unge 0Kn2
Grand7arents die Gro,eltern Girl das &.dchen 0K2
Grand/ather der Gro,ater 0.2 Grand7a der <pa 0Ks2
Grand$other die Gro,mutter 0+2 Grand$a die <ma 0Ks2
Grandchildren die 3n"el"inder Dad der Vati
Grandson der 3n"el 0K2 Mo$ die &utti
Grandda#ghter die 3n"elin 0Knen2 Friend !$& der $reund 0Ke2
Niece die Nichte 0Kn2 Friend !/& die $reundin 0Knen2
Ne7hew der Neffe 0Kn2
Partner / "igni/icant
1ther !$&
der Partner 0K2
8o#sin !$& der Vetter 0Kn2
Partner / "igni/icant
1ther !/&
die Partnerin 0Knen2
8o#sin !/& die 9usine 0Kn2 Marital "tat#s der $amilienstand
Tncle der <n"el 0K2 "ingle ledig
%#nt die Tante 0Kn2 Married erheiratet
"iblings die Geschwister Divorced geschieden
Baby das Baby 0Ks2 Male m.nnlich
God/ather der Pate 0Kn2 Fe$ale weiblich
God$other die Patin 0Knen2 8hild das 9ind 0Ker2
"te7C der(die StiefK Toddler das 9lein"ind 0Ker2
CinClaw der(die SchwiegerK Teenager der Teenager 0K2
BrotherCinClaw der Schwager 0.2 %d#lt der 3rwachsene 0Kn2
"isterCinClaw
die Schw.gerin 0K
nen2
Twin der ;willing 0Ke2
The letters in 7arentheses indicate the 7l#ral /or$ o/ the no#n. Notice that so$eti$es an
#$la#t is 7laced over the $ain vowel o/ the word in the 7l#ral. For e-a$7le: der &ann
is sing#lar !the $an& and die &.nner is 7l#ral !the $en&. For ste7C and CinClaw relations:
B#st add StiefK or SchwiegerK be/ore the $ain 7erson: e-ce7t in the case o/ brotherCinClaw
and sisterCinClaw noted above. The 7l#rals /ollow the 7attern /or the $ain 7erson: i.e. die
Schwiegermutter !sing#lar& and die Schwiegerm+tter !7l#ral&
1P. To 2now Peo7le Facts
"ennen K to "now people wissen K to "now facts
ich "enne ken-nuh wir "ennen ken-nun ich wei, vise wir wissen vih-sun
du "ennst kenst ihr "ennt kent du wei,t vist ihr wisst vihst
er(sie(es
"ennt
kent
sie(Sie
"ennen
ken-nun
er(sie(es
wei,
vise
sie(Sie
wissen
vih-sun
2ennen is a reg#lar: while wissen is irreg#lar in the 7resent tense.
+o# $#st #se the s#bBect 7rono#ns !ich: d#: er...&G however: , will leave the$ o#t o/
/#t#re conB#gations.
;J. For$ation o/ Pl#ral No#ns
Pl#ral no#ns in Ger$an are #n7redictable: so it)s best to $e$ori>e the 7l#ral /or$ with
the sing#lar. However: here are so$e r#les that can hel7H
1. .eminine no#ns #s#ally add Kn or Ken. No#ns that end in Kin !s#ch as the /e$ale
e9#ivalents o/ $asc#line no#ns& add Knen.
eine (a$7e >wei (a$7en
eine T<r >wei T<ren
eine "t#dentin >wei "t#dentinnen
eine Gabel >wei Gabeln
;. &asculine and neuter no#ns #s#ally add Ke or Ker. Many $asc#line 7l#ral no#ns
ending in Ke add an #$la#t as well: b#t ne#ter 7l#ral no#ns ending in Ke don)t. Pl#rals
that end in Ker add an #$la#t when the ste$ vowel is a, o , u or au.
&asculine Neuter
ein @oc* >wei @1c*e ein He/t >wei He/te
ein Mann >wei M.nner ein B#ch >wei B+cher
F. &asculine and neuter sing#lar no#ns that end in Ker either add an #$la#t or change
nothing at all. Many no#ns with a ste$ vowel o/ a, o, u or au add an #$la#t. &asculine
and neuter sing#lar no#ns that end in Kel also add nothing at all !with three e-ce7tionsH
Panto//el: "tachel: M#s*el&.
&asculine Neuter
ein Br#der >wei Br+der ein Fenster >wei Fenster
ein 2egel >wei 2egel ein Mittel >wei Mittel
K. No#ns that end in a vowel other than an #nstressed Ce and no#ns o/ /oreign origin add
Ks.
ein Hobby >wei Hobbys
ein Hotel >wei Hotels

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