RESONANCE 1

SOT : RAV Sir

Solution of Triangle
Sine Rule :
In any triangle ABC, the sines of the angles are proportional to the opposite sides
i.e.
C sin
c
B sin
b
A sin
a
= = .
Example # 1 : In any AABC, prove that
c
b a +
=
2
C
sin
2
B A
cos |
.
|

\
|
.
Solution. Since
A sin
a
=
B sin
b
=
C sin
c
= k (let)
a = k sinA, b = k sinB and c = k sinC
L.H.S. =
c
b a +
=
C sin k
) B sin A (sin k +
=
2
C
cos
2
C
sin
2
B A
cos
2
B A
sin |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
| +
=
2
C
cos
2
C
sin
2
B A
cos
2
C
cos |
.
|

\
|
=
2
C
sin
2
B A
cos |
.
|

\
|
= R.H.S.
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S. Proved
Example # 2 : In any AABC, prove that
(b
2
c
2
) cot A + (c
2
a
2
) cot B + (a
2
b
2
) cot C = 0
Solution. Since a = k sinA, b = k sinB and c = k sinC
(b
2
c
2
) cot A = k
2
(sin
2
B sin
2
C) cot A = k
2
sin (B + C) sin (B C) cot A
= k
2
sin A sin (B C)
A sin
A cos
= k
2
sin (B C) cos (B + C) ( cos A = cos (B + C))
=
2
k
2
[2sin (B C) cos (B + C)]
=
2
k
2
[sin 2B sin 2C] ..........(i)
Similarly (c
2
a
2
) cot B =
2
k
2
[sin 2C sin 2A] ..........(ii)
and (a
2
b
2
) cot C =
2
k
2
[sin 2A sin 2B] ..........(iii)
adding equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
(b
2
c
2
) cot A + (c
2
a
2
) cot B + (a
2
b
2
) cot C = 0 Hence Proved
RESONANCE 2
SOT : RAV Sir
Self Practice Problems
In any AABC, prove that
(1) a sin
|
.
|

\
|
+ B
2
A
= (b + c) sin
|
.
|

\
|
2
A
.
(2)
C sin B sin
) C B sin( a
2
+

+
A sin C sin
) A C sin( b
2
+

+
B sin A sin
) B A sin( c
2
+

= 0
(3)
b a
c

=
2
B
tan
2
A
tan
2
B
tan
2
A
tan

+
.
Cosine Formula :
In any AABC
(i) cos A =
b c a
b c
2 2 2
2
+
or a = b + c 2bc cos A = b
2
+ c
2
+ 2bc cos (B + C)
(ii) cos B =
c a b
ca
2 2 2
2
+
(iii) cos C =
a b c
a b
2 2 2
2
+
Example # 3 : In a triangle ABC if a = 13, b = 8 and c = 7, then find sin A.
Solution : cosA =
bc 2
a c b
2 2 2
+
=
7 . 8 . 2
169 49 64 +
cosA =
2
1
A =
3
2t
sinA = sin
3
2t
=
2
3
Ans.
Example # 4 : In a AABC, prove that a(b cos C c cos B) = b
2
c
2
Solution : Since cosC =
ab 2
c b a
2 2 2
+
& cos B =
ac 2
b c a
2 2 2
+
L.H.S. = a

)

|
|
.
|

\
|
+

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
ac 2
b c a
c
ab 2
c b a
b
2 2 2 2 2 2
=
2
c b a
2 2 2
+

2
) b c a (
2 2 2
+
= (b
2
c
2
)
= R.H.S.
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S. Proved
RESONANCE 3
SOT : RAV Sir
Example # 5 : If in a AABC, ZA = 60, then find the value of
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
c
b
c
a
1 |
.
|

\
|
+
b
a
b
c
1
.
Solution.
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
c
b
c
a
1 |
.
|

\
|
+
b
a
b
c
1
=
|
.
|

\
| + +
c
b a c
|
.
|

\
| +
b
a c b
=
bc
a ) c b (
2 2
+
=
bc
bc 2 ) a c b (
2 2 2
+ +
=
bc
a c b
2 2 2
+
+ 2 = 2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
bc 2
a c b
2 2 2
+ 2
= 2cosA + 2 = 3 { ZA = 60}

|
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ +
b
a
b
c
1
c
b
c
a
1
= 3
Self Practice Problems :
(4) The sides of a triangleABC are a, b,
2 2
b ab a + + , then prove that the greatest angle is 120.
(5) In a triangle ABC, prove that a(cosB + cosC) = 2(b + c) sin
2
2
A
.
Projection Formula :
In any AABC
(i) a = b cosC + c cosB
(ii) b = c cosA + a cosC
(iii) c = a cosB + b cosA
Example # 6 : In a triangle ABC, prove that a(b cosC c cosB) = b
2
c
2
Solution. L.H.S. = a (b cosC c cosB)
= b (a cosC) c (a cosB) ............(i)
From projection rule, we know that
b = a cosC + c cosA a cosC = b c cosA
& c = a cosB + b cosA a cosB = c b cosA
Put values of a cosC and a cosB in equation (i), we get
L.H.S. = b (b c cos A) c(c b cos A)
= b
2
bc cos A c
2
+ bc cos A
= b
2
c
2
= R.H.S.
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S. Proved
Note: We have also proved a (b cosC c cosB) = b
2
c
2
by using cosine rule in solved *Example.
Example # 7 : In a AABC, prove that (b + c) cos A + (c + a) cos B + (a + b) cos C = a + b + c.
Solution. L.H.S. = (b + c) cos A + (c + a) cos B + (a + b) cos C
= b cos A + c cos A + c cos B + a cos B + a cos C + b cos C
= (b cos A + a cos B) + (c cos A + a cos C) + (c cos B + b cos C)
= a + b + c
= R.H.S.
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S. Proved
RESONANCE 4
SOT : RAV Sir
Self Practice Problems
In a AABC, prove that
(6) 2 |
.
|

\
|
+
2
B
cos c
2
C
cos b
2 2
= a + b + c.
(7)
C cos
B cos
=
A cos c b
A cos b c

.
(8)
C cos b B cos c
A cos
+
+
A cos c C cos a
B cos
+
+
A cos b B cos a
C cos
+
=
abc 2
c b a
2 2 2
+ +
.
Napiers Analogy - tangent rule :
In any AABC
(i) tan
2
C B
=
c b
c b
+

cot
2
A
(ii) tan
2
A C
=
a c
a c
+

cot
B
2
(iii) tan
A B
2
=
a b
a b

+
cot
C
2
Example # 8 : Find the unknown elements of the AABC in which a = 3 + 1, b = 3 1, C = 60.
Solution. a = 3 + 1, b = 3 1, C = 60
A + B + C = 180
A + B = 120 .......(i)
From law of tangent, we know that tan |
.
|

\
|
2
B A
=
b a
b a
+

cot
2
C
=
) 1 3 ( ) 1 3 (
) 1 3 ( ) 1 3 (
+ +
+
cot 30 =
3 2
2
cot 30
tan |
.
|

\
|
2
B A
= 1

2
B A
=
4
t
= 45
A B = 90 .......(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii), we get
A = 105 and B = 15
Now,
From sine-rule, we know that
A sin
a
=
B sin
b
=
C sin
c
c =
A sin
C sin a
=

+
105 sin
60 sin ) 1 3 (
=
2 2
1 3
2
3
) 1 3 (
+
+
sin105 =
2 2
1 3 +
c =
6
c = 6 , A = 105, B = 15 Ans.
RESONANCE 5
SOT : RAV Sir
Self Practice Problem
(9) In a AABC if b = 3, c = 5 and cos (B C) =
25
7
, then find the value of tan
2
A
.
(10) If in a AABC, we define x = tan |
.
|

\
|
2
C B
tan
2
A
, y = tan |
.
|

\
|
2
A C
tan
2
B
and
z = tan |
.
|

\
|
2
B A
tan
2
C
, then show that x + y + z = xyz.
Answer : (9)
3
1
Trigonometric Functions of Half Angles :
(i) sin
A
2
=
( ) ( ) s b s c
bc

, sin
B
2
=
( ) ( ) s c s a
ca

, sin
C
2
=
( ) ( ) s a s b
a b

(ii) cos
A
2
=
s s a
b c
( )
, cos
B
2
=
s s b
ca
( )
, cos
C
2
=
s s c
a b
( )
(iii) tan
A
2
=
( ) ( )
( )
s b s c
s s a

=
A
s s a ( )
=
A
) c s )( b s (
, where s =
a b c + +
2
is semi perimeter and A
is the area of triangle.
(iv) sin A =
) c s )( b s )( a s ( s
bc
2

=
bc
2A
Area of Triangle (A)
A =
2
1
ab sin C =
2
1
bc sin A =
2
1
ca sin B = s s a s b s c ( ) ( ) ( )
Example # 9 : In a AABC if a, b, c are in A.P., then find the value of tan
2
A
. tan
2
C
Solution : Since tan
2
A
=
) a s ( s
A
and tan
2
C
=
) c s ( s
A
tan
2
A
. tan
2
C
=
) c s )( a s ( s
2
2

A
A
2
= s (s a) (s b) (s c)
tan
2
A
. tan
2
C
=
s
b s
= 1
s
b
........(i)
it is given that a, b, c are in A.P. 2b = a + c
s =
2
c b a + +
=
2
b 3

s
b
=
3
2
put in equation (i), we get
tan
2
A
. tan
2
C
= 1
3
2
tan
2
A
. tan
2
C
=
3
1
Ans.
RESONANCE 6
SOT : RAV Sir
Example #10 : In a AABC if b sinC(b cosC + c cosB) = 42, then find the area of the AABC.
Solution : b sinC (b cosC + c cosB) = 42 ........(i) given
From projection rule, we know that
a = b cosC + c cosB put in (i), we get
ab sinC = 42 ........(ii)
A =
2
1
ab sinC from equation (ii), we get
A = 21 sq. unit
Example #11 : In any AABC, prove that (a + b + c) |
.
|

\
|
+
2
B
tan
2
A
tan = 2c cot
2
C
.
Solution : L.H.S. = (a + b + c) |
.
|

\
|
+
2
B
tan
2
A
tan
tan
2
A
=
) a s ( s
) c s )( b s (

and tan
2
B
=
) b s ( s
) c s )( a s (

L.H.S. = (a + b + c)
(
(

) b s ( s
) c s )( a s (
) a s ( s
) c s )( b s (
= 2s
s
c s
(
(

b s
a s
a s
b s
= 2 ) c s ( s
(
(

+
) b s )( a s (
a s b s
2s= a + b + c
2s b a = c
= 2 ) c s ( s
(
(

) b s )( a s (
c
= 2c
) b s )( a s (
) c s ( s


cot
2
C
=
) b s )( a s (
) c s ( s


= 2c cot
2
C
= R.H.S.
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S. Proved .
m - n Rule : In any triangle ABC if D be any point on the base BC, such that BD : DC :: m : n and if
ZBAD= o, ZDAC = |, Z CDA = u , then
(m+n) cot u
=
=
m n
n B m C
cot cot
cot cot
o |
RESONANCE 7
SOT : RAV Sir
Example #12 : If the median AD of a triangle ABC is perpendicular to AB, prove that tan A + 2tan B = 0.
Solution : From the figure, we see that u = 90 + B (as u is external angle of AABD)
Now if we apply m-n rule in AABC, we get
(1 + 1) cot (90 + B) = 1. cot 90 1.cot (A 90)
2 tan B = cot (90 A)
2 tan B = tan A
tan A + 2 tan B = 0 Hence proved.
Example #13 : The base of a triangle is divided into three equal parts. If t
1
, t
2
, t
3
be the tangents of the angles
subtended by these parts at the opposite vertex, prove that
4
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
2
t
1
1
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2 1
t
1
t
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
3 2
t
1
t
1
.
Solution : Let point D and E divides the base BC into three equal parts i.e. BD = DE = EC = d (Let) and
let o, | and be the angles subtended by BD, DE and EC respectively at their opposite vertex.
t
1
= tano, t
2
= tan| and t
3
= tan
Now in AABC
BE : EC = 2d : d = 2 : 1
from m-n rule, we get
(2 + 1) cotu = 2 cot (o + |) cot
3cotu = 2 cot (o + |) cot .........(i)
again
in AADC
DE : EC = d : d = 1 : 1
if we apply m-n rule in AADC, we get
(1 + 1) cotu = 1. cot| 1 cot
2cotu = cot| cot .........(ii)
from (i) and (ii), we get
u
u
cot 2
cot 3
=
|
| + o
cot cot
cot ) cot( 2
3cot| 3cot = 4cot (o + |) 2 cot
3cot| cot = 4 cot (o + |)
3cot| cot = 4
)
`

o + |
| o
cot cot
1 cot . cot
3cot
2
| + 3coto cot| cot| cot coto cot = 4 coto cot| 4
4 + 3cot
2
| = coto cot| + cot| cot + coto cot
4 + 4cot
2
| = coto cot| + coto cot + cot| cot + cot
2
|
4(1 + cot
2
|) = (coto + cot|) (cot| + cot)
4
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
+
2
tan
1
1
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
+
o tan
1
tan
1
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
| tan
1
tan
1
4
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
2
t
1
1
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2 1
t
1
t
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
3 2
t
1
t
1
Hence proved.
RESONANCE 8
SOT : RAV Sir
Self Practice Problems :
(11) In a AABC, the median to the side BC is of length
3 6 11
1

unit and it divides angle Ainto the

angles of 30 and 45. Prove that the side BC is of length 2 unit.
Radius of Circumcirlce :
If R be the circumradius of AABC, then R =
A sin 2
a
=
B sin 2
b
=
C sin 2
c
=
A 4
abc
Example #14 : In a AABC, prove that sinA + sinB + sinC =
R
s
Solution : In a AABC, we know that
A sin
a
=
B sin
b
=
C sin
c
= 2R
sin A =
R 2
a
, sinB =
R 2
b
and sinC =
R 2
c
.
sinA + sinB + sinC =
R 2
c b a + +
=
R 2
s 2
a + b + c = 2s
sinA + sinB + sinC =
R
s
.
Example #15 : In a AABC if a = 13 cm, b = 14 cm and c = 15 cm, then find its circumradius.
Solution : R =
A 4
abc
.......(i)
A = ) c s )( b s )( a s ( s
s =
2
c b a + +
= 21 cm
A =
6 7 8 21
=
2 2 2
3 4 7
A = 84 cm
2
R =
84 4
15 14 13

=
8
65
cm R =
8
65
cm. Ans.
Example #16 : In a AABC, prove that s = 4R cos
2
A
. cos
2
B
. cos
2
C
.
Solution. In a AABC,
cos
2
A
=
bc
) a s ( s
, cos
2
B
=
ca
) b s ( s
and cos
2
C
=
ab
) c s ( s
and R =
A 4
abc
R.H.S. = 4R cos
2
A
. cos
2
B
. cos
2
C
.
=
A
abc
. s
2
) abc (
) c s )( b s )( a s ( s
= s A =
) c s )( b s )( a s ( s
= L.H.S.
Hence R.H.S = L.H.S. proved.
RESONANCE 9
SOT : RAV Sir
Example #17 : In a AABC, prove that
a s
1

+
b s
1

+
c s
1

s
1
=
A
R 4
.
Solution :
a s
1

+
b s
1

+
c s
1

s
1
=
A
R 4
L.H.S. =
|
.
|

\
|

+
b s
1
a s
1
+
|
.
|

\
|

s
1
c s
1
=
) b s )( a s (
b a s 2


+
) c s ( s
) c s s (

+
2s = a + b + c
=
) b s )( a s (
c

+
) c s ( s
c

= c (

+
) c s )( b s )( a s ( s
) b s )( a s ( ) c s ( s
= c
(
(

A
+ + +
2
2
ab ) c b a ( s s 2
L.H.S. = c
(
(

A
+
2
2
ab ) s 2 ( s s 2
=
2
abc
A
=
2
R 4
A
A
=
A
R 4
R =
A 4
abc
abc = 4RA
L.H.S. =
A
R 4
= R.H.S.
Self Practice Problems :
In a AABC, prove the following :
(11) a cot A + b cotB + c cot C = 2(R + r).
(12) 4
|
.
|

\
|
1
a
s
|
.
|

\
|
1
b
s
|
.
|

\
|
1
c
s
=
R
r
.
(13) If o, |, are the distances of the vertices of a triangle from the corresponding points of contact
with the incircle, then prove that
y
y
+ | + o
o|
= r
2
Radius of The Incircle :
If r be the inradius of AABC, then
(i) r =
A
s
(ii) r = (s a) tan
A
2
= (s b) tan
B
2
= (s c) tan
C
2
(iii) r =
2
A
cos
2
C
sin
2
B
sin a
and so on (iv) r = 4R sin
A
2
sin
B
2
sin
C
2
RESONANCE 10
SOT : RAV Sir
Radius of The Ex- Circles :
If r
1
, r
2
, r
3
are the radii of the ex-circles of AABC opposite to the vertex A, B, C respectively, then
(i) r
1
=
A
s a
;
r
2
=
A
s b
;
r
3
=
A
s c
(ii) r
1
= s tan
A
2
;
r
2
= s tan
B
2
;
r
3
= s tan
C
2
(iii) r
1
=
a
B C
A
cos cos
cos
2 2
2
and so on (iv) r
1
= 4 R sin
A
2
. cos
B
2
. cos
C
2
Example #18 : In a AABC, prove that r
1
+ r
2
+ r
3
r = 4R = 2a cosecA
Solution : L.H.S = r
1
+ r
2
+ r
3
r
=
a s
A
+
b s
A
+
c s
A

s
A
= A
|
.
|

\
|

+
b s
1
a s
1
+ A
|
.
|

\
|

s
1
c s
1
= A
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

+
+
|
|
.
|

\
|

+
) c s ( s
c s s
) b s )( a s (
a s b s
= A (

+
) c s ( s
c
) b s )( a s (
c
= cA (

+
) c s )( b s )( a s ( s
) b s )( a s ( ) c s ( s
= cA
(
(

A
+ + +
2
2
ab ) c b a ( s s 2
=
A
abc
a + b + c = 2s
R =
A 4
abc
= 4R = 2a cosec A
A sin
a
= 2R = a cosec AA
= R.H.S.
Hence L.H.S. = R.H.S. proved
Example# 19 : If the area of a AABC is 96 sq. unit and the radius of the escribed circles are respectively
8, 12 and 24. Find the perimeter of AABC.
Solution : A = 96 sq. unit
r
1
= 8, r
2
= 12 and r
3
= 24
r
1
=
a s
A
s a = 12 .........(i)
r
2
=
b s
A
s b = 8 .........(ii)
r
3
=
c s
A
s c = 4 .........(iii)
adding equations (i), (ii) & (iii), we get
3s (a + b + c) = 24
s = 24
perimeter of AABC = 2s = 48 unit. Ans.
RESONANCE 11
SOT : RAV Sir
Self Practice Problems
In a AABC, prove that
(14) r
1
r
2
+ r
2
r
3
+ r
3
r
1
= s
2
(15) rr
1
+ rr
2
+ rr
3
= ab + bc + ca s
2
(16)
a
r r
1

+
b
r r
2

=
3
r
c
.
(17) If A, A
1
, A
2
and A
3
are the areas of the inscribed and escribed circles respectively of a AABC,
then prove that
A
1
=
1
A
1
+
2
A
1
+
3
A
1
.
Length of Angle Bisectors, Medians & Altitudes :
(i) Length of an angle bisector from the angle A = |
a
=
2
2
bc
b c
A
cos
+
;
(ii) Length of median from the angle A = m
a
=
1
2
2 2
2 2 2
b c a +
&(iii) Length of altitude from the angle A = A
a
=
a
2A
NOTE : m m m
a b c
2 2 2
+ + =
3
4
(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)
Example #20 : AD is a median of the AABC. If AE and AF are medians of the triangles ABD and ADC
respectively, and AD = m
1
, AE = m
2
, AF = m
3
, then prove that m
2
2
+ m
3
2
2m
1
2
=
8
a
2
.
Solution : In AABC
AD
2
=
4
1
(2b
2
+ 2c
2
a
2
) = m
1
2
.........(i)
In AABD, AE
2
= m
2
2
=
4
1
(2c
2
+ 2AD
2

4
a
2
) .........(ii)
Similarly in AADC, AF
2
= m
3
2
=
4
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
4
a
b 2 AD 2
2
2 2
........(iii)
by adding equations (ii) and (iii), we get
m
2
2
+ m
3
2
=
4
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
2
a
c 2 b 2 AD 4
2
2 2 2
= AD
2
+
4
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
a
c 2 b 2
2
2 2
= AD AD
2
+
4
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
2
a
a c 2 b 2
2
2 2 2
= AD
2
+
4
1
(2b
2
+ 2c
2
a
2
) +
8
a
2
= AD AD
2
+ AD
2
+
8
a
2
RESONANCE 12
SOT : RAV Sir
= 2AD
2
+
8
a
2
= 2m
1
2
+
8
a
2
AD
2
= m
1
2
m
2
2
+ m
3
2
2m
1
2
=
8
a
2
Hence Proved
Self Practice Problem :
(18) In a AABC if a = 5 cm, b = 4 cm, c = 3 cm. G is the centroid of triangle, then find circumradius
of AGAB.
Answer : (18)
12
5
13
The Distances of The Special Points from Vertices and Sides of Triangle :
(i) Circumcentre (O) : OA = R and O
a
= R cos A
(ii) Incentre (I) : IA = r cosec
2
A
and I
a
= r
(iii) Excentre (I
1
) : I
1
A = r
1
cosec
2
A
and I
1a
= r
1
(iv) Orthocentre (H) : HA = 2R cos A and H
a
= 2R cos B cos C
(v) Centroid (G) : GA =
3
1
2 2 2
a c 2 b 2 + and G
a
=
a 3
2A
Example #21 : If x, y and z are respectively the distances of the vertices of the AABC from its orthocentre,
then prove that (i)
x
a
+
y
b
+
z
c
=
xyz
abc
(ii) x + y + z = 2(R + r)
Solution : x = 2R cosA, y = 2R cosB, z = 2R cosC and
and a = 2R sinA, b = 2R sinB, c = 2R sinC

x
a
+
y
b
+
z
c
= tanA + tan B + tan C .........(i)
&
xyz
abc
= tanA. tanB. tanC ........(ii)
We know that in a AABC tanA = H tanA
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
x
a
+
y
b
+
z
c
=
xyz
abc
x + y + z = 2R (cosA + cosB + cosC)
in a AABC cosA + cosB + cosC = 1 + 4sin
2
A
sin
2
B
sin
2
C
x + y + z = 2R |
.
|

\
|
+
2
C
sin .
2
B
sin .
2
A
sin 4 1
= 2 |
.
|

\
|
+
2
C
sin .
2
B
sin .
2
A
sin R 4 R r = 4R sin
2
A
sin
2
B
sin
2
C
x + y + z = 2(R + r)
RESONANCE 13
SOT : RAV Sir
Self Practice Problems
(19) If I be the incentre of AABC, then prove that IA . IB . IC = abc tan
2
A
tan
2
B
tan
2
C
.
(20) If x, y, z are respectively be the perpendiculars from the circumcentre to the sides of AABC,
then prove that
x
a
+
y
b
+
z
c
=
xyz 4
abc
.
Orthocentre and Pedal Triangle :
The triangle KLM which is formed by joining the feet of the altitudes is called the Pedal Triangle.
(i) Its angles are t 2A, t 2B and t 2C.
(ii) Its sides are a cosA = R sin 2A,
b cosB = R sin 2B and
c cosC = R sin 2C
(iii) Circumradii of the triangles PBC, PCA, PAB and ABC are equal.
Excentral Triangle :
The triangle formed by joining the three excentres I
1
, I
2
and I
3
of A ABC is called the excentral or
excentric triangle.
(i) A ABC is the pedal triangle of the A I
1
I
2
I
3
.
(ii) Its angles are
2
A
2

t
,
2
B
2

t
and
2
C
2

t
.
(iii) Its sides are 4R cos
2
A
, 4R cos
2
B
and 4R cos
2
C
.
(iv) I I
1
= 4 R sin
2
A
; I

I
2
= 4 R sin
2
B
; I

I
3
= 4 R sin
2
C
.
(v) Incentre I of A ABC is the orthocentre of the excentral A I
1
I
2
I
3
.
Distance Between Special Points :
(i) Distance between circumcentre and orthocentre OH
2
= R
2
(1 8 cosA cos B cos C)
(ii) Distance between circumcentre and incentre OI
2
= R
2
(1 8 sin
2
A
sin
2
B
sin
2
C
) = R
2
2Rr
(iii) Distance between circumcentre and centroid OG
2
= R
2

9
1
(a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
)
RESONANCE 14
SOT : RAV Sir
Example #22: If I is the incentre and I
1
, I
2
, I
3
are the centres of escribed circles of the AABC, prove that
(i) II
1
. II
2
. II
3
= 16R
2
r
(ii) II
1
2
+ I
2
I
3
2
= II
2
2
+ I
3
I
1
2
= II
3
2
+ I
1
I
2
2
Solution : (i)
We know that
II
1
= a sec
2
A
, II
2
= b sec
2
B
and II
3
= c sec
2
C
I
1
I
2
= c. cosec
2
C
,
I
2
I
3
= a cosec
2
A
and I
3
I
1
= b cosec
2
B
II
1
. II
2
. II
3
= abc sec
2
A
. sec
2
B
. sec
2
C
......(i)
a = 2R sin A, b = 2R sinB and c = 2R sinC
equation (i) becomes
II
1
. II
2
. II
3
= (2R sin A) (2R sin B) (2R sinC) sec
2
A
sec
2
B
sec
2
C
= 8R
3
.
2
C
cos .
2
B
cos .
2
A
cos
2
C
cos
2
C
sin 2
2
B
cos
2
B
sin 2
2
A
cos
2
A
sin 2 |
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
= 64R
3
sin
2
A
sin
2
B
sin
2
C
r = 4R sin
2
A
sin
2
B
sin
2
C
II
1
. II
2
. II
3
= 16R
2
r Hence Proved
(ii) II
1
2
+ I
2
I
3
2
= II
2
2
+ I
3
I
1
2
= II
3
2
+ I
1
I
2
2
II
1
2
+ I
2
I
3
2
= a
2
sec
2
2
A
+ a
2
cosec
2
2
A
=
2
A
cos
2
A
sin
a
2 2
2
a = 2 R sinA = 4R sin
2
A
cos
2
A
II
1
2
+ I
2
I
3
2
=
2
A
cos .
2
A
sin
2
A
cos .
2
A
sin R 16
2 2
2 2 2
= 16R
2
Similarly we can prove II
2
2
+ I
3
I
1
2
= II
3
2
+ I
1
I
2
2
= 16R
2
Hence II
1
2
+ I
2
I
3
2
= II
2
2
+ I
3
I
1
2
= II
3
2
+ I
1
I
2
2
Self Practice Problem :
(21) In a AABC, if b = 2 cm, c = 3 cm and ZA =
6
t
, then find distance between its circumcentre
and incentre.
Answer : (21) 3 2 cm