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    Lecture 1 - Screening

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    The document discusses screening as a solid-solid separation technique where particles are separated based on size alone using screens with different sized apertures. It covers screening theory, equipment, particle characteristics like size and shape, methods for determining particle size distribution, and provides examples of material balance calculations and determining screen effectiveness.

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    Lecture 1 - Screening

    Uploaded by

    roxette
    302 views25 pages
    The document discusses screening as a solid-solid separation technique where particles are separated based on size alone using screens with different sized apertures. It covers screening theory, equipment, particle characteristics like size and shape, methods for determining particle size distribution, and provides examples of material balance calculations and determining screen effectiveness.

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    The document discusses screening as a solid-solid separation technique where particles are separated based on size alone using screens with different sized apertures. It covers screening theory, equipment, particle characteristics like size and shape, methods for determining particle size distribution, and provides examples of material balance calculations and determining screen effectiveness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    302 views25 pages

    Lecture 1 - Screening

    Uploaded by

    roxette
    The document discusses screening as a solid-solid separation technique where particles are separated based on size alone using screens with different sized apertures. It covers screening theory, equipment, particle characteristics like size and shape, methods for determining particle size distribution, and provides examples of material balance calculations and determining screen effectiveness.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    TIP - Manila

    363 P. Casal, Quiapo


    City of Manila, Philippines
    Website: www.tip.edu.ph
    Tel. Nos. (+632) 733-9117 / (+632) 733-9142

    CHE 509: INTRODUCTION TO PARTICLE TECHNOLOGY

    LECTURE 1
    SOLID-SOLID SEPARATION:
    SCREENING
    Lecturer:
    ENGR. MICHAEL ALLAN G. RAMOS
    Department of Chemical Engineering
    Technological Institute of the Philippines
    1st Semester, A.Y. 2016-2017

    SCREENING
    A separation method used to separate solids based
    on their particle size alone.
    Different screening surfaces:
    Interwoven Wire Mesh
    Cloth
    Perforated Plates
    Bars

    SEPARATION THEORY
    Basic design features in screening:
    1. Surface and aperture
    2. Types of screens
    3. Screen movement

    FEED

    Screen

    OVERSIZE (Tails)

    UNDERSIZE (Fines)

    Important Characteristics of a Particle


    1. Composition
    q made up of one kind of solid? or mixture of two or more distinct
    kinds of solids?
    q defines properties such as density, conductivity, etc.

    2. Size
    q diameter of the particle, surface area per volume of the particle
    q affects properties such as settling properties, and reactivity

    3. Shape
    q regular in shape dimensional properties can be defined easily,
    thus surface area and volume can be computed easily as well.
    q irregular in shape use of a shape factor such as sphericity

    PARTICLE SIZE
    1. Equidimensional Particles
    q In general diameter, Dp may be specified
    q Example: spherical particle

    2. Non-Equidimensional Particles
    q Dp is the second longest major dimension
    q Example: cubic particle
    Units of Dp depend on the size of the particles:
    a. Coarse particles: inches or millimeters
    b. Fine particles: screen size (e.g. Mesh No.)
    c. Very fine particles: micrometers or nanometers
    d. Ultra fine particles: surface area per unit mass, m2 / g

    MESH SCREENS
    Mesh Number number of openings per linear inch

    MESH SCREENS
    q Mesh size, M and the wire diameter, w determine
    the aperture size, a.
    Example: In a 4-Mesh screen

    MESH SCREENS
    qMesh screens are arranged with increasing mesh
    number, thus decreasing size of opening, from top
    to bottom.

    SIEVE SCALE
    q A sieve scale is a series of testing sieves having
    openings in a fixed succession.
    q The ratio of aperture of a given sieve to the
    aperture of the next one in a sieve series is a
    constant.
    Three types:
    1. Tyler Standard Sieve Series (2 progression)
    2. US Sieve Series
    3. International Test Sieve Series

    Methods of Indicating Particle Size


    1. Unsized Particles
    q obtained from passing a feed into a single screen
    q either upper or lower size limit can be indicated
    Example:
    Feed
    Mesh 4
    Oversize: +4, +4.76 mm

    Undersize: -4, -4.76 mm

    Methods of Indicating Particle Size


    2. Sized Particles
    q intermediate obtained from passing a feed into a series
    of screens
    q both upper and lower size limits are known
    Feed
    Mesh 4

    Mesh 6

    +4
    -4
    -4+6 or 4/6
    -6

    PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


    1) Differential Screen Analysis
    Data consist of Mesh Number (n) vs. weight fraction or %
    retained on the screen (# )
    100 kg
    fraction of feed

    Mesh 6

    10 kg ; 0.10
    Mesh 8
    Mesh 10
    Mesh 14
    Mesh 20
    Pan

    90 kg
    50 kg
    26 kg
    14 kg

    40 kg ; 0.40
    24 kg ; 0.24
    12 kg ; 0.12
    8 kg ; 0.08

    6 kg
    6 kg ; 0.06

    PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


    2) Cumulative Screen Analysis (Larger than Dp)
    Data consist of Mesh number (n) vs. Cumulative fraction
    larger than n (# )
    100 kg
    fraction of feed

    Mesh 6

    10 kg ; 0.10
    Mesh 8
    Mesh 10
    Mesh 14
    Mesh 20
    Pan

    90 kg
    50 kg
    26 kg
    14 kg

    40 kg ; 0.40
    24 kg ; 0.24
    12 kg ; 0.12
    8 kg ; 0.08

    6 kg
    6 kg ; 0.06

    Cumulative Screen Analysis


    (Larger than Dp)

    PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


    3) Cumulative Screen Analysis (Smaller than Dp)
    Data consist of Mesh number (n) vs. Cumulative fraction
    smaller than n (1-# )
    100 kg
    fraction of feed

    Mesh 6

    10 kg ; 0.10
    Mesh 8
    Mesh 10
    Mesh 14
    Mesh 20
    Pan

    90 kg
    50 kg
    26 kg
    14 kg

    40 kg ; 0.40
    24 kg ; 0.24
    12 kg ; 0.12
    8 kg ; 0.08

    6 kg
    6 kg ; 0.06

    Cumulative Screen Analysis


    (Smaller than Dp)

    SCREENING EQUIPMENT
    1) Grizzly Screens
    Set of parallel metal bars in an inclined stationary frames
    Opening is large
    Capacity is large
    Cheap construction

    SCREENING EQUIPMENT
    2) Vibrating Screens
    Frequency of the screen is mainly controlled by an
    electromagnetic vibrator which is mounted above and
    directly connected to the screening surface.
    Higher chance of separation due to popcorn effect

    SCREENING EQUIPMENT
    3) Rotary Screening
    Composed of a rotating perforated drum set in an
    inclined position.
    Movement of feed is through the hollow cylindrical drum
    with lateral surface composed of different mesh sizes
    arranged from smallest to largest openings

    MATERIAL BALANCE
    Example: It is desired to remove particles smaller than mesh 4.
    Feed: F, xF
    Mesh 4

    where:
    x = fraction of desired material
    (1 x) = fraction of undesired material
    OMB: F = P + R
    DMB: FxF = PxP + RxR
    UMB: F(1-xF)= P(1-xP) + R(1-xR)

    Product: P, xP

    Reject: R, xR

    SCREEN EFFECTIVENESS
    q may be due to blinding, rupture, or blockage (by other
    particles) of the screen opening/s and improper orientation
    of the particle as it hits the screen
    q calculated by the product of recovery of desired material in
    the product and recovery of undesired material in the reject

    or

    ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM 1
    It is desired to remove small particles from a crushed
    stone mixture by screening through a 10-mesh
    screen. The screen analysis of feed, overflow and
    underflow are given in the table.
    a) Calculate the mass ratios of the overflow and underflow
    to feed.
    b) Plot Dp vs Screen analysis for the feed, overflow and
    underflow.
    c) Find the effectiveness of the screen.

    ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM 1
    Screen Analysis of the Feed:

    ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM 2
    It is desired to separate 1000 kg of a mixture of
    crushed solids into three fractions, a coarse fraction
    retained on an 20 mesh screen; a middle fraction
    passing through a 20 mesh screen and retained on a
    65 mesh screen; and a fine fraction passing through
    a 65 mesh screen. Two Tyler Standard Screens are
    used to remove particles 20/65. Screen analysis of
    the feed, coarse, medium and fine fractions are
    given.
    What are the effectiveness of the 20 and 65 screens,
    given the following screen analysis?

    ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM 2
    Screen Analysis:

    SEATWORK

    Find the effectiveness of


    Mesh 35 and 100 if the
    product desired is the
    middle fraction.

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