INTRODUCTION/abstract

In construction industry. Which contributes to economic advancement performs a conventional

The design has to consider the following important factors that may and will affect the proper
selection of sand sieving approach. This includes the sieving rate. The capacity and the production
efficiency of the developed sand sieving machine.

This study aimed to design and develop an alternative san-sieving machine. Specifically, it
provided answer to the following problems.

1. Presentation of a schematic diagram of the sand sieving machine to present the detailed
features, capabilities and principle of operation
2. Selection of appropriate materials for developing the machine.
3. Analysis of the cost justification and financial viability of the machine.
4. Identification of the effects of variation based on the following parameter
4.1 Capacity of the machine
4.2 The sieving rate of machine
4.3 Distance of throw of the machine

The obtained results of the study were as follows.

1. The schematic diagrams was efficient as it allowed the simplicity of construction of the machine
as projected in the study, the main parts were properly installed, thus the desired machine
requirements were achieved
2. The chosen materials in the fabrication of the prototype were suitable for its corresponding
function.
3. The developed alternative sand-sieving machine cost php P10,605.25. The local market prices of
available materials determined the cost of the developed machined.
4. The cost of the developed alternative sand-sieving machine was relatively cheaper as compared
to the existing sand-sieving method considering the operating cost and time required to obtain
the desired quantity of fine sand.
5. The effects of variation of various parameters.
5.1 The maximum capacity of the machine was 0.08cm3. When the capacity of the machine
decreased the distance of throw increased thus providing faster sieving process.
5.2 The average sieving rate of the machine was 0.054m3/min. which is acceptable for the
purpose of obtaining high production at minimum time required.
5.3 The maximum distance of throw was 30mm. The greater the distance of throw, the faster
the sieving was
5.4 Proper observation of machine operation and maintenance procedures for each component
part was done to achieve efficient and proper functioning of the machine.

Based on the results, the following conclusions were formulated.

1. The design setup used provides convenience, ease and efficient operation, making the sieving
proves fast and effective.
 2. The materials used in the fabrication of the sand-sieving machine meet the standard
requirements for stability, strength and effectivity.
3. The total cost of fabrication of the sand-sieving machine is financially viable.
4. The operation cost of the developed alternative sand-sieving machine is cheaper than that of
the conventional manual method of sieving sand and the time in obtaining the desired quantity
of the fine sand is lesser.
5. The sieving rate depends on the extent of the movement of the machine of the distance of
throw, which serves as the basis of production.
6. Proper maintenance of machine parts is vital in ensuring proper and efficient operation of the
developed machine.

For further improvements on the design and functionality if the designed sand-sieving machine,
their following recommendations were suggested.

1. Modifications in main frame size and weight are recommended to make the developed
alternative sand sieving machine more functional and for added portability.
2. Safety precautions should be observed during start up and operation of the machine to avoid
accidents. Electrical wiring should be checked before starting. During operation, the operator
should keep proper distance from the machine.
3. Sieves should be removable for maintenance purposes.
4. Application of the machine in a construction is recommended to further enhance the design and
functionality of the machine particularly to actual operations.
5. A study to improve the present design of the developed sand-sieving machine is encouraged for
the development of added features, versatility, and functionality.
6.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Man, machinery and money play a vital role in every aspect of life, in particular to the
construction business. AS a major contributor to economic advancement, and with the local economy at
the threshold of expansion, the local construction business must adhere to mechanization and respond
to the changing times. Moreover, it must avoid conventional if not obsolete methods of work
applications and instead introduce new and alternative systems in all fields of contrition activities. The
introduction of machineries and equipment will help in the speedy completion and cost-control of
construction activities. In addition, mechanization in the construction industry will save time and money.

Today, however, there are still many observable practices n local construction that are
considered impractical. One such practice is the manual sieving of aggregate to obtain fine sand. This
method of sieving through use of a sieve of required aperture is very exhausting and much time and
effort is consumed on minor works. Motion is imparted by moving the sieve back and forth by hand. This
is carried out either by two laborers or a single worker using a wooden framed sieve typically made of
lumber or steel pipe by means of wires.

With the construction business pressured by problems on return on investment, which mostly
was loaned from capitalists, it becomes a necessity that schedules of work be completed in projected
time table or even earlier so as not to incur losses. As such efforts should be directed to maximize time,
people’s work and machines.
 With the present economic slump, the local industry is left with no choice but to look for ways
to minimize losses as the production cost of construction materials continues to increase as well as the
cost of manual labor. With these prevailing conditions affecting the local industry, the construction
business is hard-pressed to look for ways to maximize available resources. Alternative systems are being
considered and investing on efficient processes and equipment are factors that need to be considered.

As the manual sand sieving is one construction work that is pains taking slow, researchers
decided to design and fabricate an alternative sand-sieving machine that would provide a cost and
effective alternative method of producing fine sand for construction.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In the early years and up to the present, people used the conventional manual method of
sieving sand. In respond to the needs of industry and continuing innovation using engineering
technology, there is a need for a mechanical method of sieving which will perform efficiently and yet be
cost friendly.

The idea of an alternative sand-sieving machine was conceptualized by the researchers because
of the need for improvement in construction industry particularly in the practice of producing fine sand.

In line with this, the researchers hope to help the contractors through this. The aim therefore of
this study was to develop a sand-sieving machine, which is an improvement of conventional type of
sieving sand. To further understand the scenario, a conceptual paradigm is presented in Figure 1.
Conventional Sand Sieving Fabrication of an alternative sand
sieving machine
 Non-continuous
operation  Continuous operation
 Low sieving rate  High sieving rate
 Cost of operation  Cost of operation

Design requirements and consideration

 Size of sand sieving machine

Development of the alternative sand sieving

 Fabrication
 Testing

Figure 1. Conceptual paradigm

Sand-sieving machine
For the screw
d = 0.685 cm
Given:
P = 1hp
N = 1745rpm
D = 2.54cm = 1 in Shaft Diameter
Required:
Diameter of the screw used
Solution:

DN d2.3
P=
50
by substituting the given values

P=¿¿
2.54 cm
d = 0.2134058577 in x
1∈¿ ¿
d = 0.5420508786 cm
for standard diameter
use d = 0.5625 cm
For V belt A71
Given:
P = 1hp
N = 1745 rpm
D1 = 7.62cm or 3in
D2 = 50.8cm or 20 in
Required:
Belt Section
Solution:
1. Design Hp = Nsf (transmitted hp)
Nsf = Electric motor, Spill phase Line Shaft
Nsf = 1.2
Design Hp = 1.2 (1hp)
Design Hp = 1.2 hp
2. Belt Section
Since D1 = 3in, choose A section
 Compute for Cmin
D 2+ D 1
C min= + D1
2
C min=20∈+3∈ ¿ +3∈¿ ¿
2
C min=14.5 in
If;
C min=D2=20∈¿
Choose which ever is larger
Therefore Cmin=20∈¿
To solve for the standard length of the belt
π
L= ( D + D 2 )+ 2C+ ¿ ¿
2 1
π
L= ¿
2
L = 79.74081552 in
L = A80 ≈ 81.3 in

Belt is A80 Vbelt