THEORIES OF PERSONALITY

1. You just received your NEO-PI R results today.

You received a high rating on Neuroticism, a low
rating in Extraversion and Average on the rest of the
factors. Thus, you may be described as a person
who is:
a) Easily guilty, extremely shy and often anxious
b) Assertive, sociable and very rational
c) Moody, easily depressed but mostly carefree
d) Sociable, very dominant and does not feel emotional
in the face of trying times
• A. Easily guilty, extremely shy and often anxious
2. Comparing Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein’s
theory about the human personality are almost
similar, with little differences when it comes to
some minute details. Only one of the following is
true about the two:
a) Klein agreed with Freud that the Id drives most of
the person’s unconscious desires
b) Similar to Freud’s concept on the Oedipus complex,
Klein agreed that boys and girls do not differ in
handling their crises.
c) More than sexual pleasure, Klein believed that a
person’s ego is developed through social contact
d) Klein mostly believed in Freud’s paternalistic view of
the human personality.
• C. More than sexual pleasure, Klein believed that a
person’s ego is developed through social contact
3. With Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs,
which of the following persons follow the typical
direction of addressing needs?
a) Mike chooses to meet his friends despite having only
slept about 2 hours after his shift
b) Riley prefers to do an extra credit homework on the
weekend instead of attending his high school
reunion
c) Joshua is late for class, but on the way out he shoves
crackers in his mouth before opening his notebook
to review
d) Jim opts to ride his motor without a helmet because
it makes his hair look too tangled up for his date
• C. Joshua is late for class, but on the way out he
shoves crackers in his mouth before opening his
notebook to review
4. This pivotal interpersonal value for Filipinos is
also called a shared inner perception. It is
usually seen in nonverbal interactions and has
both external and internal aspects.
a) Kapwa
b) Pakikisama
c) Pakikiramdam
d) Kagandahang-Loob
• C. Pakikiramdam
• 5. Horney proposed that our neurotic needs can
be classified into three broad categories. Of the
following people, which of them follows the
‘Moving Against Others’ trend?
a) Kylie tries so hard to achieve the top spot in a course
her parents chose for her
b) Lily chose to make her project on her own despite
being encouraged by her teacher to choose a
partner.
c) Opal joins an internet dating site to find someone
who matches her standards.
d) In order to succeed in her business, Darren often
promises to regularize underpaid employees if they
agree to work overtime without pay
• D. In order to succeed in her business, Darren often
promises to regularize underpaid employees if they
agree to work overtime without pay
6. Filipino Psychology stresses that one’s idea of
the self encapsulates the ideals, aspects and
different variables surrounding others. With this
concept of the individual, who among the
following theorists would most likely believe in
Enriquez’ idea about Kapwa?
a) Adler
b) Jung
c) Horney
d) Fromm
• A. Adler
7. Being a believer of Carl Rogers, which concept
would most likely come to mind when
remembering a film where the main character
learns only to look at herself in a mirror only if
she has learned to be brave in the face of danger?
a) Ideal Self
b) Conditional Positive Regard
c) Unconditional Positive Regard
d) Conditional Positive Self-Regard
• D. Conditional Positive Self-Regard
8. Jason then brings out an envelope with his personality
test results from 2 years ago. He shared it you and
continued by saying that he does not believe the results.
He believes in some of the traits mentioned about him
like being a warm and friendly person, but does not
believe that he tends to be suspicious. Knowing Allport’s
definition of the human personality, what can be said
about his results?
a) He should believe in them because almost all traits
remain stable over time.
b) Even if he takes the personality test for a second time,
the results would be identical
c) Jason should make necessary changes in his life in order
to be true to his results
d) His traits would probably reflect fluctuations to a certain
degree because of the dynamic nature of one’s
personality
• D. His traits would probably reflect fluctuations to a
certain degree because of the dynamic nature of
one’s personality
9. As Filipinos, we subscribe to our inking socio-
personal values. Much similar to Fromm’s idea
of Agape, we manifest such a value through
generosity without any expectation for anything
in return. Such a value is called?
a) Katarungan
b) Kabutihan
c) Kalayaan
d) Kagandahang-loob
D. Kagandahang-loob
10. The interviewer then asked about dialects or other
languages that Anna knows how to speak. Although her
job-to-be may often limit her interaction to unconscious
patients, she may likewise be asked to conduct
neurological interviews with locals of the place. For Anna
to succeed in this task, she must put into practice which
of the following principles of Enriquez in his study of the
Filipino personality?
a) That one’s manner of speaking minimally affects how to
interact given a very technical nature of a job
b) Embedded in one’s language are meaningful concepts
absent in popular culture
c) Connecting with others mostly requires nonverbal
communication, since actions do speak louder than
words
d) More than language, genuine thoughts have more
weight in interaction
• B. Embedded in one’s language are meaningful
concepts absent in popular culture
11. What makes Adler and Existentialists similar
is their belief in a future-oriented concept of the
human personality. Such is the nature of which
concept discussed by these theorists?
a) Freedom
b) Dualism
c) Responsibility
d) Teleology
a) Teleology
12. As an advocate of feminine psychology, Horney
agreed with Adler that many women possess a masculine
protest. Which of the following statements are true?
1. There is a pathological belief that men are superior to
women
2. Penis envy is basically a desire to be anatomically
male
3. Womb envy is an expression of a man’s desire to bear
children
4. There is a neurotic aversion for qualities regarded as
feminine
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 4
c) 1 and 3
d) all except 2
• D. all except 2
13. The following statements about Filipino Psychology are
true except:
1- Emic emphasizes on an inward to outward study of
personality, while etic takes a universal perspective toward an
indigenous one
2- Metaphoric language are central in the study of the Filipino
Personality
3- Personal dignity is valued over smooth interpersonal
relationships
4- Hiya, Utang na Loob and Pakikisama are Confrontative
Surface Values
5- Karangalan and Katarungan are Societal Values
a) 4 only
b) 3&5
c) 3&4
d) 1, 2 & 4
• C. 3 & 4
14. Which of the following statements most
describes the relationship between Freud and the
Person-Centered view of the human personality?
a) Person-Centered theorists accepted Freud’s
deterministic view of development
b) Being context-based, Freud agreed with notions of
personal awareness in terms of personality
development
c) Both put value into catching a person’s area of
resistance with regard to therapy and making them
aware of it
d) Unlike Freud, Person-Centered theorists put much
value into capacities that are positive and more
conscious in nature
D. Unlike Freud, Person-Centered theorists put much
value into capacities that are positive and more
conscious in nature
15. Filipino Psychology would seem to mostly
reject which of these theorists because of their
position on a shared humanity, almost ignoring
the capacity for evil?
a) Jung
b) Maslow
c) Rogers
d) Adler
A. Jung
16. Albert Bandura established his principle of
vicarious learning. From the following people,
whose behavior would be less attributed to this
principle?
a) Marcus takes the exam because he knows he can
do it.
b) Emerson refuses to cross the street during a red
light since someone else was reprimanded a
block away.
c) Angel drinks beer because she sees her parents
doing it on a daily basis.
d) Mimi scolds her daughter by saying that when
she was her age, her mother forbade her from
doing the same thing.
a. Marcus takes the exam because he knows he can do
it.
17. Normality is defined by Erikson as being able
to resolve different crises at some point of life.
Of the following people, who follows the typical
Psychosocial pattern?
a) A four year-old boy who mentions about his
crush in school
b) A fifty year-old woman who accepted help from
her son to manage her money
c) A 30 year-old man who became industrious
upon reurning high school
d) A 25 year old lady who just had her first
boyfriend
D. A 25 year old lady who just had her first boyfriend
SITUATION (18-19): Andrew is looking for the true
meaning of love. From all of his readings, he
managed to whittle down his concept of love based
on the different psychological theorists.
18. Kagandahang-loob for Filipinos was one of the
significant findings from Andrew’s readings. Of the
following theorists, whose concept of a love
expecting nothing in return is most similar to this
Filipino construct:
a) Rollo May
b) Erik Erikson
c) Ludwig Binswanger
d) Erich Fromm
D. Erich Fromm
19. According to Rogers, Love may be displayed
by an individual when this is absolved:
a) Ideal Self
b) Real Self
c) Conditions of Worth
d) Congruence
c. Conditions of Worth
20. With regard to dreams, Skinner and Freud
agreed at some point. Which of the following
statements would prove this notion:
a) Dreams are overt forms of behavior
b) Dream behaviors are reinforced when sexual
stimuli are suppressed
c) Dreams may serve a wish-fulfillment purpose
d) Dreams are dependent on one’s persona
c. Dreams may serve a wish-fulfillment purpose
21. Which of the following would constitute a
normal personality based on the Personal
Construct Theory?
a) Standing firm even when situations seek to
invalidate personal constructs
b) Using the anticipatory function as the primary
basis of behaving
c) Surrendering one’s personal constructs when
validation does not occur
d) Being extremely flexible about one’s personal
constructs
• C. Surrendering one’s personal constructs when
validation does not occur
22. The Personal Construct Theory proposes that
in therapy, the ultimate goal in relation to one’s
actualization tendency is :
a) Making the unconscious conscious
b) Compromising one’s beliefs when needed
c) To be a fully functioning person
d) Assuming a forward-thinking attitude
b. Compromising one’s beliefs when needed
23. Everytime DJ meets a girl, he always says to
himself, “You conceited idiot! What makes you
think you can get a date with the best-looking
woman in town?” Of the following Horney’s
concepts , this is an example of:
a) Merciless Self-accusation
b) Relentless demands on oneself
c) Tyranny of the should
d) Self-contempt
D. Self-contempt
24. Horney believes that women can behave in
psychologically healthy ways if they give up their
__________ acceptance of an ideology of
_________.
a) Conscious; male superiority
b) Unconscious; male superiority
c) Unconscious; male inferiority
d) Conscious; inferiority
• B. Unconscious; male superiority
25. Jake went to psychologist to discuss about
the nature of his dreams. He reported that his
dreams were recurring and disturbing. Jung
would interpret his dreams as:
a) devoid of meaning
b) were disgusted attempts at wish fulfilment
c) are attempts at resolving current conflicts
d) almost always have sexual content
• C. are attempts at resolving current conflicts
26. According to Adler, compensation
a) refers to one's belief about one's ability to
perform behaviors that should lead to expected
outcomes
b) involves bolstering self-esteem by forming an
imaginary or real alliance with some person or
group
c) involves efforts to overcome imagined or real
inferiorities by developing one's abilities
d) refers to largely unconscious reactions that
protect a person from unpleasant emotions
• C. involves efforts to overcome imagined or real
inferiorities by developing one's abilities
27. One primary criticism of behavioral theories
of personality is that the theories
a) are unrealistically optimistic about human
nature
b) overgeneralize from animal behavior to human
behavior
c) generally lack scientific or empirical support
d) suggest that unconscious forces influence
behavior
B. overgeneralize from animal behavior to human
behavior
a) 28. Each of the following is one of the
propositions central to all psychodynamic
theories EXCEPT ________.
a) Our mental representations of ourselves, of others,
and of our relationships tend to guide our
interactions with other people
b) Much of mental life is unconscious
c) Mental processes such as emotions, motivations,
and thoughts operate in parallel and thus may lead
to conflicting feelings
d) Stable personality patterns do not form until young
adulthood
D. Stable personality patterns do not form until young
adulthood
29. Which of the following best exemplifies
Horney’s concept of drive towards vindictive
triumph?
a) Rey may direct his neurotic ambition toward
being the best student in school
b) Jaime ordinarily channels his energies into those
activities that are most likely to bring success
c) Elmer always strives toward an imaginary picture
of perfection
d) Mila may put others to shame or defeat them in
order achieve success
D. Mila may put others to shame or defeat them in
order achieve success
29. The following statements are TRUE about
Jung’s archetypes. Point the exception.
a) To come to grips with the darkness within
ourselves is to achieve the “realization of the
shadow.”
b) The process of gaining acquaintance with his
anima was Jung’s second test of courage
c) Political, religious, and social prophets who
appeal to reason as well as emotion are guided
by wise old man archetype
d) Identifying too closely with our persona helps us
attain our individuality and self-realization
D. Identifying too closely with our persona helps us
attain our individuality and self-realization
30. The following statements are false about
Fromm’s Exploitative Character Orientation. Point
the exception.
a) Hans always tries to possess the loved one and to
preserve the relationship rather than allowing it to
change and grow
b) Jake may make others believe that he is skilful and
salable
c) JV is always in constant demand of soliciting
attention and affection coming from her loved one.
d) Paolo may appear to “fall in love” with a very rich
married woman, but not really in love with her.
D. Paolo may appear to “fall in love” with a very rich
married woman, but not really in love with her.
• 31. Which of the following statements is LEAST
likely true about Allport’s Central Disposition?
a) Everyone has several central dispositions
b) Most people, Allport believed, have 5 to 10 central
dispositions that their friends and close
acquaintances would agree
c) Those that would be listed in an accurate letter of
recommendation written by someone who knew the
person quite well
d) They are less conspicuous but far greater in number
D. They are less conspicuous but far greater in number
32. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in relation to
child development stresses that out of the five
categorical needs, these four must be met in
order to effect proper growth:
a) B-needs
b) D-needs
c) Self-Esteem Needs, Physiological Needs, Safety
Needs, Self-Actualization Needs
d) Love and Belongingness, Self-Actualization
Needs, Physiological Needs, Self-Esteem Needs
B. D-needs
• 33. Aside from her boyfriend problems, Michelle
also added that she was not too fond about her
job, despite sticking with it for almost a year. She
said that she often does not feel genuine and
describes herself as “plastic” when dealing with
her co-workers. Depending on who she’s in front
of, she usually acts differently. Michelle’s
experience at work would best be dealt with
what sort of framework?
a) Adlerian
b) Jungian
c) Freudian
d) Eriksonian
B. Jungian
34. After finishing her cigarette, Michelle then says that it
might have something to do with his troubled past, since
her boyfriend was beaten up by his father as a kid. And
that’s probably why he had almost gotten physical with
her the other day while arguing. From a Horneyian
perspective, it is safe to say that:
a) Michelle’s boyfriend is probably envious of her
mothering capacity
b) Her boyfriend has learned to be aggressive toward her
by virtue of basic hostility
c) Because of basic anxiety, Michelle’s boyfriend probably
feels lonely and helpless often
d) Due to his neurotic need to be loved, he tends to adopt
physical ways to get to Michelle
B. Her boyfriend has learned to be aggressive toward
her by virtue of basic hostility
34. Your younger brother is watching a movie, The
Hobbit, on TV. After the movies, he comes to you
and says that he is very impressed with one of the
protagonists in the story, Tauriel, a she-elf, and tries
to demonstrate some of her bow and arrow moves
to you animatedly. Knowing Carl Jung, your brother
is most probably perpetuating which archetype:
a) The Great Mother
b) The Hero
c) The Animus
d) The Anima
D. Anima
35. Jung believed that past experiences, even
those of your ancestors, are very much
important in analyzing an individual’s personality.
Such a concept is most similar to which of the
following Freudian concepts:
a) Collective Unconscious
b) Phylogenetic Endowment
c) Libido
d) Ego
B. Phylogenetic Endowment