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C1 Per Unit System

This document discusses the per-unit system used for analyzing electrical power systems. It provides examples of calculating per-unit values by dividing actual quantities by base values. The key advantages of the per-unit system are that per-unit values for transformer impedance, voltage and current are identical when referred to the primary and secondary, and per-unit values clearly represent relative circuit quantities. The document also outlines the process for determining base current and impedance values based on the selected base power and voltage values.

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Mifzal Izzani
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76 views

C1 Per Unit System

This document discusses the per-unit system used for analyzing electrical power systems. It provides examples of calculating per-unit values by dividing actual quantities by base values. The key advantages of the per-unit system are that per-unit values for transformer impedance, voltage and current are identical when referred to the primary and secondary, and per-unit values clearly represent relative circuit quantities. The document also outlines the process for determining base current and impedance values based on the selected base power and voltage values.

Uploaded by

Mifzal Izzani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10/12/2014

ENT 374 Electrical Power System

Chapter 1

Wan Khairunizam

Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


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Per-unit System

• Comparing the size of something to the size


of similar quantities.
• The concept is called Per-unit system.

Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


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Example 1

Suppose the average weight of adults in New


York is 130 Ib weight. A person weighing
160 Ib would have a per-unit system;

160 Ib / 130 Ib = 1.23 per-unit

Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


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Example 2

Suppose 3 motors have power rating 25 hp,


40 hp and 150 hp. Let the base power PB =
50 hp. The correspondence per-unit rating;

25 hp / 50 hp = 0.5 per-unit
40 hp / 50 hp = 0.8 per-unit
150 hp / 50 hp = 3 per-unit

Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


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Per-unit in Electrical Power Systems

• An interconnected power system typically a


system containing several transformers and
rotating machines.
• The per-unit system simplifies the analysis
of complex power systems by choosing a
common set of base parameters in terms of
which, all systems quantities are defined.

Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


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• The primary advantages of the per-unit


system are:
• The per-unit values for transformer impedance,
voltage and current are identical when referred
to the primary and secondary.
• The per-unit values clearly represent the
relative values of the circuit quantities.

Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


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• The definition of any quantity (voltage, current,


power, impedance) in the per-unit system is:

Quantity (per-unit) = Quantity (normal units)


Base value of quantity (normal units)

• Given the four base values, the per-unit quantities


are defined as

V I S Z
V pu  I pu  S pu  Z pu 
Vbase I base Sbase Z base

Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


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Example 3

The circuit above composed of several resistors,


capacitors and inductors. The base impedance is
1500 Ω, calculate per-unit impedance R1(pu), R2(pu),
XL(Pu) and XC(pu). Draw per-unit equivalent circuit.

Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


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Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


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• Once any two of the four base values (Vbase,


Ibase, Sbase, and Zbase) are defined, the
remaining two base values can be
determined according their fundamental
circuit relationships.
• Usually the base values of power and
voltage are selected and the base values of
current and impedance are determined
according to
S base Vbase 2
Vbase
I base  Z base  
Vbase I base Sbase

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Example 4 (QUIZ 1)
A 400 Ω resistor carries a current of 60 A. Given the
base values for voltage, current, power and
impedance are EB = 4 kV, IB = 125 A, PB = 500 kW
and ZB = 32 Ω, respectively. Determine;
a. The per-unit resistance
b. The per-unit current
c. The per-unit voltage across the resistor
d. The per-unit power dissipated in the resistor
e. The actual E and P of the resistor

Advanced Intelligent Computing and Sustainability


Research Group 11

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