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    UNIT 11:: Modals of Necessity

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    Andrea Bedoya Vasquez
    The document contains information about reported speech, modals of necessity, and the second conditional. It provides examples of how direct speech changes in reported speech based on pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. It also outlines the uses of modals like must, have to, need to, mustn't, don't have to, and don't need to. Finally, it explains how to form the second conditional using if + past simple in the if-clause and would + infinitive in the main clause and gives examples of its uses.

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    UNIT 11:: Modals of Necessity

    Uploaded by

    Andrea Bedoya Vasquez
    24 views1 page
    The document contains information about reported speech, modals of necessity, and the second conditional. It provides examples of how direct speech changes in reported speech based on pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. It also outlines the uses of modals like must, have to, need to, mustn't, don't have to, and don't need to. Finally, it explains how to form the second conditional using if + past simple in the if-clause and would + infinitive in the main clause and gives examples of its uses.

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    AMEKN3_12_B_05

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    The document contains information about reported speech, modals of necessity, and the second conditional. It provides examples of how direct speech changes in reported speech based on pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. It also outlines the uses of modals like must, have to, need to, mustn't, don't have to, and don't need to. Finally, it explains how to form the second conditional using if + past simple in the if-clause and would + infinitive in the main clause and gives examples of its uses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views1 page

    UNIT 11:: Modals of Necessity

    Uploaded by

    Andrea Bedoya Vasquez
    The document contains information about reported speech, modals of necessity, and the second conditional. It provides examples of how direct speech changes in reported speech based on pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. It also outlines the uses of modals like must, have to, need to, mustn't, don't have to, and don't need to. Finally, it explains how to form the second conditional using if + past simple in the if-clause and would + infinitive in the main clause and gives examples of its uses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Pronoun, adjective, and adverb changes

    Direct speech Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech


    I he/she now then
    we they today that day
    my his/her tomorrow the next day
    our their yesterday the previous day
    here there last night the night before
    this classroom that classroom

    UNIT 11: Modals of necessity

    You must be flexible to be a good leader. •• We use must, have to, and need to to say that
    If you want to succeed, you mustn’t give up. something is necessary. We often use must and
    have to to talk about rules.
    Companies have to accept that failure is often a
    necessary part of business. •• We use mustn’t to talk about things that are not
    You don’t have to have a degree to start your own permitted, when there is an obligation not to do
    business. them.
    You need to take risks sometimes to grow your •• We use don’t have to and don’t need to to
    business. say something is not necessary, or there is no
    People don’t need to be ruthless to get to the top. obligation to do something.
    Businesses should aim to give customers •• We use should and shouldn’t to give advice or to
    something exciting and new. make a recommendation about what is the right or
    Leaders shouldn’t forget that employee job wrong thing to do.
    satisfaction is very important for success.

    UNIT 12: Second conditional

    If workdays were shorter, I would have •• We form the second conditional using: If + simple past, would
    more time to relax. + infinitive (without to)
    If I had more time, I would go to the if-clause main clause
    gym. If + simple past would + infinitive (without to)
    If I could do any job, I would be a dance
    instructor. •• We can use if in two positions: if-clause first or main clause
    first. When the if-clause is at the beginning of the sentence,
    If she lived by the sea, she would go for we use a comma to separate it from the main clause.
    a swim every day. If I ate less fast food, I would lose weight.
    Eating more fruits and vegetables would I would lose weight if I ate less fast food.
    help. We use the second conditional to:
    •• talk about situations that are imaginary or not probable
    If I had my own gym, I would use it every day.
    •• give advice (with were)
    If I were you, I would exercise more.
    •• talk about hypothetical outcomes with no if-clause
    Getting more sleep would be good.

    190

    AME_SB3_65058_19_Grammar_182-192_ptg02.indd 190 05/08/16 9:31 PM

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