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Mechanical Properties

The document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including: 1. Elasticity and stiffness refer to a material's ability to deform and recover its original shape when a stress is removed. Hardness is a material's resistance to deformation. 2. Ductility refers to a material's ability to permanently deform without fracturing. Strength properties include yield strength, the point at which plastic deformation begins, and tensile strength, the maximum stress before failure. 3. Brittleness describes a material that fails without plastic deformation. Toughness is a measure of energy absorbed before fracture and depends on the total area under the stress-strain curve. Fatigue and creep refer to failure over time from fluctuating or

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AmratPatel
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61 views

Mechanical Properties

The document discusses various mechanical properties of materials including: 1. Elasticity and stiffness refer to a material's ability to deform and recover its original shape when a stress is removed. Hardness is a material's resistance to deformation. 2. Ductility refers to a material's ability to permanently deform without fracturing. Strength properties include yield strength, the point at which plastic deformation begins, and tensile strength, the maximum stress before failure. 3. Brittleness describes a material that fails without plastic deformation. Toughness is a measure of energy absorbed before fracture and depends on the total area under the stress-strain curve. Fatigue and creep refer to failure over time from fluctuating or

Uploaded by

AmratPatel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Properties of Materials

Mechanical properties

A. Elasticity and stiffness (recoverable stress vs. strain)


B. Ductility (non-recoverable stress vs. strain)
C. Strength
D. Hardness
E. Brittleness
F. Toughness
E. Fatigue
F. Creep

1
Mechanical Properties

• When a load is applied on a material, it may deform the material.


• What do force-extension or stress-strain curves look like?
• What is E of ceramic, metal, polymer? Why?

ceramic
x

Stress
metal
x
polymer:
elastomer
Strain
Mechanical properties
A. Elasticity and stiffness (recoverable stress vs. strain)
B. Ductility (non-recoverable stress vs. strain)
C. Strength
D. Hardness
E. Brittleness
F. Toughness
E. Fatigue
F. Creep

3
Elasticity and stiffness
• Elastic deformation is the deformation produced in a material which
is fully recovered when the stress causing it is removed.

• Stiffness is a qualitative measure of the elastic deformation


produced in a material. A stiff material has a high modulus of
elasticity.

• Modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus is the slop of the stress –


strain curve during elastic deformation.

4
Ductility
• Ductility is the ability of the material to stretch
or bend permanently without breaking.

5
Ductility

Ductility is a measure
of the deformation at
fracture -

Defined by percent
elongation or
percent reduction in
area
Strength
• Yield strength is the stress that has to be
exceeded so that the material begins to
deform plastically.
• Tensile strength is the maximum stress which
a material can withstand without breaking.

7
Hardness
• Hardness is the resistance to penetration of
the surface of a material.

8
Brittleness and Toughness

• The material is said to be brittle if it fails


without any plastic deformation

• Toughness is defined as the energy absorbed


before fracture.

9
Toughness

Toughness = the ability to absorb energy up to fracture =


the total area under the strain-stress curve up to fracture
Fatigue
• Fatigue failure is the failure of material under
fluctuating load.

11
Creep
• Creep is the time dependent permanent
deformation under a constant load at high
temperature.

12

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