ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation

2.2 Direct data entry and associated devices

• Describe direct data entry and associated devices, e.g. magnetic stripe readers, chip
and PIN readers, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) readers, Magnetic Ink
Character Reader (MICR), Optical Mark Reader (OMR), Optical Character Reader
Chapter 2: Input and output devices

(OCR), bar code reader

• Identify the advantages and disadvantages of any of the above devices in comparison
with others

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 ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation
2.2 Direct data entry and associated devices
Magnetic Strip Readers are used to read data found on magnetic stripes
found on the back of cards.
Chapter 2: Input and output devices

USE:
Bank Cards: Contains Account details
Arcade: Contains balance
Security/Hotel Rooms: Allows entry to specific room.
Gift Cards (Vouchers) – amount of vouchers

Advantages: Disadvantages
• Fast data entry • Stripe could become
compared to keyboard unreadable - scratched
• Secure/Error Free – No • Does not work at a
Typing distance
• Not effected by water • Easily Lost/misplaced
and robust if dropped
• Easily Updated

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 ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation
2.2 Direct data entry and associated devices
Chip and Pin Readers are used POS terminals to make a secure payment
using a debit or credit card.
Chapter 2: Input and output devices

USE:
Users can make payment at shops, restaurants by simply
inserting their credit/debit card into the chip and pin reader
and typing in their pin.

Advantages: Disadvantages
• Secure method of • The pin could be read by
payment compared to some one watching or use
swipe and contactless of mirrors.
method. • Fraudulent machines can
• Chip is less likely to be copy card details.
damaged compared to a
magnetic swipe.

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 ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation
2.2 Direct data entry and associated devices
Contactless Cards Readers are used by customers to pay for products at the
POS without the need to enter a PIN Number using RFID technology.
Transactions are normally restricted to a small amount (up to £20)
Chapter 2: Input and output devices

How it works
The payment terminal picks up a signal from the chip to
process and complete the transaction when the card is
within a few centimetres distance.
Advantages: Disadvantages
• Quicker Transaction • Less secure than chip and
meaning less time spent pin method.
at POS. • Anyone could use card
• Don’t have to use PIN if lost.
• Transaction data • It is easer for thieves to
(account details) is copy details of the card.
encrypted. • Only small payments can
be made

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 ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation
2.2 Direct data entry and associated devices
Radio Frequency Identification
RFID
RFID reads information stored on tags (small silicon chip that can be placed
Chapter 2: Input and output devices

on a sticker) using radio waves. RFID tags can be attached to objects or

animals/people.

USE:
• Track movement of animals (livestock) or people
• Stock Control: Scan stock items for quantity
• Airports: Track Luggage to make sure nothing is lost
• Contactless cards to make a payment
Advantages: Disadvantages
• Can read objects from a distance. • Radio symbols can be
• Can read in bulk jammed or hacked.
• Very fast reading – quick response • More expensive than a
• Allows read/write operations to barcode
take place • Tags could interfere
• Can read biometric readings with each other.

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 ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation
2.2 Direct data entry and associated devices
Magnetic Ink Character Reader
MICR
MICR is able to read characters printed in a special ink. These characters are
Chapter 2: Input and output devices

then converted into a form which could be understood by the computer

USE:
Used to process bank cheques. The characters at the
bottom of cheque which are printed in a special ink
are read by the Magnetic Ink Character Reader.
Advantages: Disadvantages
• No need to manually • More expensive than
enter text – less chance using a keyboard to
of human error. type manual data.
• Characters can not be • Limited amount of
altered. characters can be
• Characters can be read read.
even if they have been
written over.

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 ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation
2.2 Direct data entry and associated devices
Optical Mark Reader
OMR
OMR is able to read marks written in pen or pencil. The position of the mark
Chapter 2: Input and output devices

is stored in the computers memory.

USE:
Used to scan in marks from multiple choice exams, surveys,
and lottery tickets.

Advantages: Disadvantages
• Very fast method of • Forms have to be
inputting data as no user completed correctly to
has to manually enter avoid manual checks which
results. would waste time.
• More accurate than OCR
• Less chance of errors

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 ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation
2.2 Direct data entry and associated devices
Optical Character Reader
OCR
OCR scans text from hardcopies and converts it into an editable form which
Chapter 2: Input and output devices

can be used and edited in a range of software including word processors.

USE:
Used in Self-Immigration System at Airports.
Identity Cards
Students scanning text from books which can be
edited.
Advantages: Disadvantages
• Faster method of data • Not as accurate as
entry compared to the OMR reader
manually typing the • Unable to read
data. handwriting.
• Less chance of errors.

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 ICT IGCSE Theory – Revision Presentation
2.2 Direct data entry and associated devices
Barcode Scanners are used to scan bar codes which contains unique
information about a product including price.
Chapter 2: Input and output devices

USE:
Barcode readers are typically used at point-of-sale
(POS) in shops when customers are purchased goods.

Advantages: Disadvantages
• Far quicker and more • Barcode could be
accurate than typing in unreadable or
codes using a keypad. missing.
• Stock database can • Barcode could be
easily be updated with swapped.
new prices – barcodes • Can be an expensive
would not need to be system.
replaced.

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