Technical College of Engineering Department of Petrochemical Course

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Technical College of Engineering

Department of Petrochemical
COURSE: Catalyst Science and Technology

Name of Experiment : Determination of adsorption isotherm of acetic acid


on activated charcoal.

Submitted by: Bayar Shawkat & Hawyar Jawhar & Soran Najeb & Sherwan ibrahim
Stage : 4
Group : B
Experiment No: 2
Date of experiment: / 10 /2020

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EVALUATION

Activity During Experiment & Procedure

Data & Results

Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to the Questions

Neat and tidy report writing

Overall Mark
Objective
 Determine the adsorption constant (k).
 The maximal adsorbed amount of acetic acid per gram of charcoal (A max)
due to langmuir isotherm.
 determination of adsorption isotherm of acetic acid on activated charcoal

Introduction
Adsorption - Introduction. Adsorption (also known as adsorptive separation) can
be simply defined as the concentration of a solute, which may be molecules in a
gas stream or a dissolved or suspended substance in a liquid stream, on the
surface of a solid.

Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute accumulates on the surface of a
solid or a liquid (adsorbent), forming a molecular or atomic film (adsorbate). It is different
from absorption, in which a substance diffuses into a liquid or solid to form a solution. The
term sorption encompasses both processes, while desorption is the reverse process. Adsorption
is operative in most natural physical, biological, and chemical systems, and is widely used in
industrial applications such as activated charcoal, synthetic resins and water purification.
Similar to surface tension, adsorption is a consequence of surface energy. In a bulk material, all
the bonding requirements (be they ionic, covalent or metallic) of the constituent atoms of the
material are filled. But atoms on the (clean) surface experience a bond deficiency, because they
are not wholly surrounded by other atoms. Thus it is energetically favorable for them to bond
with what ever happens to be available. The exact nature of the bonding depends on the details
of the species involved, but the adsorbed material is generally classified as exhibiting

What is adsorbent?
adsorbent usually is solid material that adsorb another substance in the form of the
liquid or gas (The special solids that gas or liquid particles attached are called
adsorbent)
What is adsorbate?
adsorbate usually gas or liquid material adsorb from the substance known as the
adsorbent (The substances adsorbed are called adsorbate. Adsorption is a
phenomenon occurs at the surface; the molecules are taken up by chemical or
physical attraction at the surface)
Results & Calculation
1

Cad mi 1\Cad 1\mi %=(Cad\Ca)


Ca Cf
NO (mol\L) (mol\g) (L\mol) (g\mol) *100
(mol\L) (mol\L)

1 0.12 0.1 0.02 0.0022 50 454.5 16.7


2 0.2 0.16 0.04 0.0044 25 227.3 20
3 0.26 0.232 0.028 0.00308 35.7 324.7 10.8
4 0.5 0.43 0.07 0.0077 14.3 129.9 14
5 0.584 0.52 0.064 0.00704 15.6 142.1 11

Molarity of NaOH =0.2 Volume of acetic acid=5ml

calculating Ca (mol\L) with M1V1=M2V2:


flask.1) NaOH volume= 3ml

0.2*3=M2*5

M2=0.12 mol\L

flask 2) NaOH volume= 4.2ml

0.2*4.2=M2*5

M2=0.2 mol\L

flask 3) NaOH volume= 6.5ml

0.2*6.5=M2*5

M2=0.26 mol\L
Flask 4) NaOH volume=11.2ml

0.2*11.2=M2*5

M2=0.5 mol\L

flask.5) NaOH volume=14.6ml

0.2*14.6=M2*5

M2=0.584 mol\L

Calculating Cf (mol\L) with M1V1=M2V2:


Flask 1) NaOH volume= 2ml

0.2*2=M2*5

M2=0.1 mol\L

Flask. 2) NaOH volume=4ml

0.2*4=M2*5

M2=0.16 mol\L

Flask 3) NaOH volume= 5.8ml

0.2*5.8=M2*5

M2=0.232 mol\L
flask 4) NaOH volume=10.7ml

0.2*10.7=M2*5

M2=0.43 mol\L

flask. 5) NaOH volume=13ml

0.2*13=M2*5

M2=0.52 mol\L

Calculating Cad=Ca-Cf:
flask. 1) cad=0.12-0.1=0.02 mol\L

flask 2) cad=0.2-0.16=0.04 mol\L

flask. 3) cad=0.26-0.232=0.028 mol\L

flask 4) cad=0.5-0.43=0.07 mol\L

flask. 5) cad=0.584-0.52=0.064 mol\L

Calculating (mi)
flask 1) mi= (0.02*55) \ (0.5*1000) =0.0022mol\g

flask 2) mi= (0.08*55) \ (0.5*1000) =0.0044mol\g

flask 3) mi= (0.028*55) \ (0.5*1000) =0.00308mol\g

flask 4) mi= (0.07*55) \ (0.5*1000) =0.0077mol\g

flask 5) mi= (0.064*55) \ (0.5*1000) =0.00704mol\g


graph

500
450 y = 9.0886x + 0.1283

400
350
300
Axis Title

250
200
150
100
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Axis Title

1
Slope = 9.09 intercept = 0.1283 Amax= =7.794
0.1283

k=0.0141 mol-1 * ml3


Discussion
Q1 What are the differences between Physical adsorption and chemical adsorption?

Ans : Physical absorption occurs when the adsorbate gas molecules are held
by physical forces like Van der Waals forces. Chemical adsorption occurs when the
absorbate molecule is held on the adsorbent surface by chemical forces as short
covalent chemical bonding occurs by the sharing of electrons.

Q2 What are the differences between adsorbent and adsorbate?

Ans : adsorbent usually is solid material that adsorb another substance in the form of the
liquid or gas (The special solids that gas or liquid particles attached are called adsorbent)

adsorbate usually gas or liquid material adsorb from the substance known as the adsorbent
(The substances adsorbed are called adsorbate. Adsorption is a phenomenon occurs at the
surface; the molecules are taken up by chemical or physical attraction at the surface)

Q3/Define the following:

adsorption isobar : is a graph between the amount adsorbed and the temperature (T) of
the adsorbate at constant pressure
adsorption isotherm: is a curve relating the equilibrium concentration of a solute on the
surface of an adsorbent, qe, to the concentration of the solute in the liquid, Ce, with which
it is in contact
adsorption isostere: The function relating the equilibrium pressure to the temperature at a
constant value of the amount, or excess amount, of substance adsorbed by a given amount
of solid.

Q4/What are the differences between adsorption and absorption?

Ans: Absorption is the process of taking or assimilating substances into a surface like a
cell or across the tissues by the process of diffusion or osmosis. Adsorption is the
process of adhesion of molecules of liquid or gases onto the surface of a solid particle.

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