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    Objectives: Technical College of Engineering Department of Petrochemical Course

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    soran najeb
    This document summarizes an experiment measuring boundary layers. The objectives were to measure velocity profiles in laminar and turbulent boundary layers over both rough and smooth plates. The procedure involved using a pitot tube to measure pressure and calculate velocity at varying distances from a plate surface in a wind tunnel. Results showed the boundary layer thickness was greater over a rough plate versus a smooth plate. Velocity decreased closer to the plate's surface due to friction. In conclusion, the boundary layers formed were laminar with thickness increasing as surface grain size increased.

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    Objectives: Technical College of Engineering Department of Petrochemical Course

    Uploaded by

    soran najeb
    45 views7 pages
    This document summarizes an experiment measuring boundary layers. The objectives were to measure velocity profiles in laminar and turbulent boundary layers over both rough and smooth plates. The procedure involved using a pitot tube to measure pressure and calculate velocity at varying distances from a plate surface in a wind tunnel. Results showed the boundary layer thickness was greater over a rough plate versus a smooth plate. Velocity decreased closer to the plate's surface due to friction. In conclusion, the boundary layers formed were laminar with thickness increasing as surface grain size increased.

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    This document summarizes an experiment measuring boundary layers. The objectives were to measure velocity profiles in laminar and turbulent boundary layers over both rough and smooth plates. The procedure involved using a pitot tube to measure pressure and calculate velocity at varying distances from a plate surface in a wind tunnel. Results showed the boundary layer thickness was greater over a rough plate versus a smooth plate. Velocity decreased closer to the plate's surface due to friction. In conclusion, the boundary layers formed were laminar with thickness increasing as surface grain size increased.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    45 views7 pages

    Objectives: Technical College of Engineering Department of Petrochemical Course

    Uploaded by

    soran najeb
    This document summarizes an experiment measuring boundary layers. The objectives were to measure velocity profiles in laminar and turbulent boundary layers over both rough and smooth plates. The procedure involved using a pitot tube to measure pressure and calculate velocity at varying distances from a plate surface in a wind tunnel. Results showed the boundary layer thickness was greater over a rough plate versus a smooth plate. Velocity decreased closer to the plate's surface due to friction. In conclusion, the boundary layers formed were laminar with thickness increasing as surface grain size increased.

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    Technical College of Engineering

    Department of Petrochemical
    COURSE: transportation phenomena

    Name of Experiment: BOUNDARY LAYERS


    Submitted by: Soran Najeb
    Stage: 4
    Group: B
    Experiment No:4
    Date of experiment: / 11 /2020

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EVALUATION

    Activity During Experiment & Procedure

    Data & Results

    Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to the Questions

    Neat and tidy report writing

    Overall Mark

    Objectives
    Measurement of the velocity profile le in laminar and turbulent boundary
    layers.
    Measurement of the velocity profile le in the boundary layer formed over
    both rough and smooth plates.
    Measurement of the velocity profile le in the boundary layer at various
    distances from the leading edge of the plate.
    Eff etc. of the pressure gradient on the boundary layer velocity profile le.

    Introduction
    The vortices forming in flowing water behind solid bodies are not represented
    correctly by the solution of the potential theory nor by Helmholtz's jets. Potential
    theory is unable to satisfy the condition that the water adheres at the wetted
    bodies, and its solutions of the fundamental hydrodynamic equations are at
    variance with the observation that the flow separates from the body at a certain
    point and sends forth a highly turbulent boundary layer into the free flow.
    Helmholtz's theory attempts to imitate the latter effect in such a way that it joins
    two potential flows, jet and still water, nonanalytical along a stream curve. The
    admissibility of this method is based on the fact that, at zero pressure, which is to
    prevail at the cited stream curve, the connection of the fluid, and with it the effect
    of adjacent parts on each other, is canceled. In reality, however, the pressure at
    these boundaries is definitely not zero, but can even be varied arbitrarily. Besides,
    Helmholtz's theory with its potential flows does not satisfy the condition of
    adherence nor explain the origin of the vortices, for in all of these problems, the
    friction must be taken into account on principle, according to the vortex theorem.

    What causes a boundary layer?


    Aerodynamic forces are generated between the fluid and the object. ... This
    creates a thin layer of fluid near the surface in which the velocity changes from
    zero at the surface to the free stream value away from the surface. Engineers call
    this layer the boundary layer because it occurs on the boundary of the fluid.

    Procedure:
    1. The figure gives the plan of the test segment appended to the outlet of
    Compression of the airflow bench.
    2. A flat plate is placed at the mid height of the section, with a sharpened edge
    facing the oncoming flow. Once side of the plate is smooth and the other is rough
    so that by turning the plate over, results may be obtained on both types of
    surfaces.
    3. A fine pitot tube may be crossed through the boundary layer at a segment close
    the downstream edge of the plate. This tube is extremely fragile instrument
    which should be taken care of with compelling consideration if harm is to be
    stayed away from. The end of the tube is straightened with the goal that it
    introduces a limited opening to the flow.
    4. The traversing mechanism is spring loaded to prevent backlash and a linear
    scale reading is used to indicate the displacement of the pitot tube.
    5. To get a boundary layer velocity profile, the pitot tube was situated touching
    the smooth surface of the plate and the wind velocity is built by bringing the
    weight Po in the air box to the obliged worth. Readings of aggregate weight P
    measured by pitot tube are

    Calculations:
    2p
    P = ɣh pascal u=
    √ 1.151 kg / m3
    U total velocity m/s

    2( 353. 16)
    P= 0.036 * 9810 = 353.16 pa u=
    √ 1 .151
    = 24.772

    Smooth Flat Plate


    Y(mm) (h) (m) P (N/m2) u (m/s) u/U
    10 0.036 353.16 24.772 1
    9 0.036 353.16 24.772 1
    8 0.036 353.16 24.772 1
    7 0.036 353.16 24.772 1
    6 0.034 333.54 24.074 0.97
    5 0.033 323.73 23.718 0.96
    4 0.030 294.3 22.614 0.91
    3 0.026 255.06 21.052 0.85
    2 0.022 215.82 19.365 0.78
    1 0.018 176.58 17.517 0.71

    Rough Flat Plate


    Y(mm) (h) (m) P (N/m2) u (m/s) u/U
    13 0.034 333.54 24.07 1
    12 0.034 333.54 24.07 1
    11 0.032 313.93 23.35 0.97
    10 0.030 294.30 22.60 0.94
    9 0.026 255.06 21.05 0.87
    8 0.024 235.44 20.22 0.84
    7 0.020 196.2 18.46 0.76
    6 0.016 156.96 16.51 0.68
    5 0.013 127.53 14.88 0.62
    4 0.010 98.1 13.07 0.54
    3 0.008 78.48 11.37 0.47

    Graph
    Smooth:

    30

    24.77 24.77
    25 23.72 24.77 24.77
    22.61 24.07

    21.05
    20
    19.37
    17.52
    velocity(u)

    15

    10

    0
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12

    y(mm)

    Rough

    30

    25 24.07 24.07
    23.35
    21.05 22.6
    20.22
    20 18.46
    16.51
    velocity(u)

    14.88
    15 13.07
    11.37
    10

    0
    2 4 6 8 10 12 14

    y(mm)
    Discussion
    From our calculation we knew the velocity of air more decrease at near of the
    plates because of fraction between air molecules and surface of palates. Also if
    we see the our results and graphs we can see in the rough plate we have mor loss
    in velocity compared than smooth plate

    The graph shows the boundary layer thickness v/s length of the plate which give a
    clear idea of the boundary layer growth along the smooth plate and rough
    surfaces of different grain size.

    Conclusion:
    The Reynold number so obtained ranges is less than 5 x 10 5 . It concludes that
    the velocity distribution observed is in the Laminar Boundary Layer.

    • Also, it has been found that reduction in velocity increases with the increase in
    free stream velocity.

    • The Boundary Layer growth increases as the grain size increases and it lies
    between 0.4mm to 0.8 mm.

    • Velocity distribution graph shows how the velocity increase and attains up to 99
    percent of its free stream velocity

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