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    Mass Transfer in Packed Column

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    thakker
    The document describes an experiment to determine the mass transfer coefficient of carbon dioxide absorption in water using two different types of packing material in a packed column. Observations of flow rates, concentrations and pressures were made, and calculations were performed to determine the rate of CO2 absorption and the mass transfer coefficient for different flow rates. The results showed that Pall rings had a higher absorption rate and mass transfer coefficient than Raschig rings, indicating Pall rings are a more efficient packing material. Issues with flow rate measurements and maintaining steady flows were also noted.

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    Mass Transfer in Packed Column

    Uploaded by

    thakker
    37 views6 pages
    The document describes an experiment to determine the mass transfer coefficient of carbon dioxide absorption in water using two different types of packing material in a packed column. Observations of flow rates, concentrations and pressures were made, and calculations were performed to determine the rate of CO2 absorption and the mass transfer coefficient for different flow rates. The results showed that Pall rings had a higher absorption rate and mass transfer coefficient than Raschig rings, indicating Pall rings are a more efficient packing material. Issues with flow rate measurements and maintaining steady flows were also noted.

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    The document describes an experiment to determine the mass transfer coefficient of carbon dioxide absorption in water using two different types of packing material in a packed column. Observations of flow rates, concentrations and pressures were made, and calculations were performed to determine the rate of CO2 absorption and the mass transfer coefficient for different flow rates. The results showed that Pall rings had a higher absorption rate and mass transfer coefficient than Raschig rings, indicating Pall rings are a more efficient packing material. Issues with flow rate measurements and maintaining steady flows were also noted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views6 pages

    Mass Transfer in Packed Column

    Uploaded by

    thakker
    The document describes an experiment to determine the mass transfer coefficient of carbon dioxide absorption in water using two different types of packing material in a packed column. Observations of flow rates, concentrations and pressures were made, and calculations were performed to determine the rate of CO2 absorption and the mass transfer coefficient for different flow rates. The results showed that Pall rings had a higher absorption rate and mass transfer coefficient than Raschig rings, indicating Pall rings are a more efficient packing material. Issues with flow rate measurements and maintaining steady flows were also noted.

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    of 6

    Mass Transfer in Packed Column

    Aim: To determine the mass transfer coefficient for the absorption of carbon-dioxide (CO2) in water at
    different flow rates.

    Apparatus: Column with the packing, CO2 cylinder, rotameter etc.

    Chemicals: NaOH (0.2 N), BaCl2, HCl (0.5 N) etc.

    Experimental set up:


    Observations:

    1) Ambient Temperature (oC) = Tamb = 28 oC


    2) Normality of NaOH used = NNaOH,in = 0.19N
    3) Normality of HCl used = NHCl = 0.463N
    4) Flow Rate of Air (m3/s) = FAir = 0.334*10-3 m3/s
    5) Flow Rate of CO2 (m3/s) = FCO2 = 0.05*10-3 m3/s
    6) Fraction of CO2 in Inlet Air = yCO2,in = 0.15

    1. Column 1
    Type of Packing = Raschig rings
    Diameter of Column (m) = Dc1 = 0.0563m
    Height of Packing (m) = Hpack,1 = 0.82m
    VS (ml) = Sample volume taken to find alkalinity after addition of excess BaCl2
    VHCl (ml) = Volume of HCl required to titrate for alkalinity after addition of BaCl2

    Obs. No. FWater VS (ml) VHCl (ml)

    (Water flow rate ml/s)

    1 6.6667 25 10

    2 8.8889 25 8.5

    3 11.1111 25 9.9

    4 13.3333 25 10.1

    5 15.5555 25 10.4

    2. Column 2
    Type of Packing = Pall rings
    Diameter of Column (m) = Dc1 = 0.0563m
    Height of Packing (m) = Hpack,1 = 0.82m
    VS (ml) = Sample volume taken to find alkalinity after addition of excess BaCl2
    VHCl (ml) = Volume of HCl required to titrate for alkalinity after addition of BaCl2
    Obs. No. FWater VS (ml) VHCl (ml)

    (Water flow rate


    ml/s)

    1 6.6667 25 9.7

    2 8.8889 25 8.6

    3 11.1111 25 8.9

    4 13.3333 25 9.6

    5 15.5555 25 10.1

    Calculations:
    For first entry in column 1,

    a. Concentration of CO2 in outlet:


    VNaOH = NHCl x VHCl / NNaOH = 0.463 x 10 / 0.19 = 6.33 ml.

    VNaOH,Reacted = 10 6.33 = 3.67 ml.

    Moles of NaOH reacted = 3.67 x 10-3 x 0.19 = 0.6973 x 10-3 moles

    Moles of CO2 reacted = Moles of NaOH reacted / 2 = 0.3486 x 10-3 moles

    Time taken by 25 ml of sample (water+absorbed CO2) = 25 / 6.6667 = 3.75 sec.

    Moles of CO2 reacted per second = 0.3486 x 10-3 / 3.75 = 0.09296 x 10-3 moles / sec.

    b. Rate of Absorption of CO2 in Water

    Volume of packing = ( / 4) x (DC1)2 x Hpack,1. = ( / 4) x (0.0563)2 x 0.82 = 2.041 x 10-3 m3

    R = Moles of CO2 reacted per sec per unit volume of packing = 0.09296 x 10-3 / 2.041 x 10-3

    R = 0.045481 moles / m3 sec


    c. Partial Pressure of CO2

    nCO2,in = F CO2,in x 1.013 x 105 / 8.314 x (28 + 273.16 ) = 2.023 x 10-3 moles / sec.
    nCO2,out = nCO2,in - nCO2,reacted = 2.023 x 10-3 - 0.09296 x 10-3 = 1.93 x 10-3 moles / sec.

    nAir,in = nAir,out = F Air x 1.013 x 105 / 8.314 x (28 + 273.16 ) = 13.47 x 10-3 moles / sec.

    pCO2,in = nCO2,in x 1.013 x 105 / (nCO2,in + nAir,in) = 1.3227 x 104 Pa.

    pCO2,out = nCO2,out x 1.013 x 105 / (nCO2,out + nAir,out ) = 1.2696 x 104 Pa.

    d. Log mean concentration of CO2

    CCO2,in = pCO2,in / 8.314 x 301.16 = 5.2826 mole / m3

    CCO2,out = pCO2,out / 8.314 x 301.16 = 5.0707 mole / m3

    C* = 32.94 mole / m3 (Solubility of CO2 in water at ambient temperature.)

    Now,

    CLM = (C* - CCO2,in ) - (C* - CCO2,out ) / ln ((C* - CCO2,in )/ (C* - CCO2,out ))

    = 27.7631 mole / m3

    e. Mass transfer coefficient

    KL a = R / CLM

    = 0.045481 / 27.7631 = 1.638 x 10-3 units / sec


    Column 1 Table
    Raschig rings

    Sr. Moles of Moles of R pCO2,out CCO2,out CLM KL a


    no. NaOH CO2 reacted
    (moles / (Pa.) mole / m3 (mole / m3) (per second)
    reacted per second
    m3 sec)
    (moles) (mole / sec.)

    1. 0.0006962 9.28267E-05 0.045481 12696.39 5.070757 27.7631 0.001638

    2. 0.0006036 0.000107307 0.052576 12613 5.037454 27.7797 0.001893

    3. 0.0003258 0.0000724 0.035473 12813.75 5.117632 27.73971 0.001279

    4. 0.0002332 6.21867E-05 0.030469 12872.32 5.141023 27.72804 0.001099

    Column 2 Table
    Pall rings

    Sr. Moles of Moles of R pCO2,out CCO2,out CLM KL a


    no. NaOH CO2 reacted
    (moles / (Pa.) mole / m3 (mole / m3) (per second)
    reacted per second
    m3 sec)
    (moles) (mole / sec.)

    1 0.0001869 1.66133E-05 0.00814 13132.71 5.245021 27.6761 0.000294

    2 0.0004184 5.57867E-05 0.027333 12908.98 5.155665 27.72073 0.000986

    3 0.0003721 6.61511E-05 0.032411 12849.6 5.131947 27.73257 0.001169

    4 0.0002332 5.18222E-05 0.025391 12931.68 5.164729 27.7162 0.000916

    5 1.7E-06 4.53333E-07 0.000222 13224.68 5.28175 27.65773 8.03E-06


    CONCLUSION AND COMMENTS :

    In chemical absorption, the gaseous component reacts with solvent to form another product. Hence
    the process is not reversible. (As in case of physical absorption )
    Packed column may be more economical than plate column in processing of corrosive liquids,
    because of corrosion resistant ceramic packing.
    Chemical absorption may be more advantageous when from a multicomponent gas steam only one
    or more components are to be removed or reacted.
    CO2, Air- rotameter and NaOH rotameter were not calibrated properly; hence there are chances of
    measuring the wrong flow rates in this case.
    So, in case of NaOH rotameter mistakes can be minimized by measuring the actual flow rate of
    NaOH with the help of measuring cylinder after steady state is reached.
    For same flow rate of AIR and NaOH the conversion of NaOH into Na2CO3 were found to be more
    in case of Pall Rings as compared to Raschig Rings. So, it can be concluded that, Pall Rings are
    more efficient than Raschig Rings.
    Initially higher flow rates of NaOH were tried but it is difficult to maintain the high flow rate and
    the flow rate eventually drops down. Hence later we had to switch to lower flow rates of NaOH.

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