System Architecture and Key Technologies For 5G Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks

System Architecture and Key Technologies for 5G Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks
4G is what is commercially available right now and what is next in line is 5G which has spectral and
energy efficiency growth by a factor of at least 10. Because of the rapid development of mobile internet, there
are more demands for faster data speeds. It is said that the total daily mobile traffic in the Western European
countries will grow 67 times from 186 terabyte to 12540 terabyte through 2010 to 2020. The total worldwide
traffic of 351 exabyte in 2025 represents a 174% increase compared with 2020. The cellular networks including
the first generation, second generation, third generation, and fourth generation are far from doing the significant
increments and high energy efficiency because lots of power of a base station is used to overcome path loss. This
in turn causes interference to other users. The fifth generation system has already deployed initially in 2020 is
expected to provide for about 1000 times better wireless area capacity and save up to 90% of energy
consumption per service compared with the current 4G system. There are more than 1000 Gbit/s/km^2 area
spectral capacity in dense urban environments, 10 times higher battery life time of connected devices. It also has
five times reduced end-to-end latency are anticipated in 5G systems. The long term evolition and the new 5G
interface should be combined together with WiFi to provide high-rate coverage and a seamless user experience.
Advanced radio access technologies and all-internet protocol should be evolved smoothly from 4G systems to
achieve the goals of 5G systems. The new things in the baseband and radio frequency are required to enable
computationally intensive and adapt to new air interfaces in 5G systems. There are significant and advanced
baseband computation is required to meet the complex requirements of new solutions like large scale cooperative
signal processing in the physical layer. The software-defined air interface technologies should be seamlessly
integrated into the 5G radio access network architectures.
Trends in ECE Page 1 of 2 Ng, Carlos Angelo E.

In 5G C-RAN solution, some advance technologies and ultra-small cells based heterogeneous network,
have been presented as potential 5G solutions. C-RAN or Centralized-RAN is a proposed architecture for future
cellular networks. It is a centralized, cloud computing-based architecture for radio access networks that supports
2G, 3G, 4G and future wireless communication standards. A large number of low-cost remote radio heads are
randomly deployed and connect to the base band unit pool through the front haul links. C-RAN may be viewed
as an architectural evolution of the above distributed base station system. It takes advantage of many
technological advances in wireless, optical and IT communications systems. C-RAN is more efficient in both
energy and cost aspects because it is needless to dimension the computing resource of each traditional BS
according to the individual peak load. Many kinds of architecture have been proposed by different mobile
operators, manufactories, and even researching institutes to learn more about the advantages of C-RANs.
Show in Fig 1(b) is the H-CRAN based 5G system which is comprised of UEs, H-CRAN, SDN and
internet. There exists three planes in this architecture which is the user plane, control plane, and the management
plane. Each carries out different areas of operations and functionalities. To improve the SE and EE
performances of the software- defined H-CRAN, there are 4 key functionalities to be implemented such as self-
organizing, cognitive processing, and big data mining. With measurement and analysis of SE and EE
performances, self-organizing functionality automatically configures and optimizes the traffic and regulates
operations of the M plane without human interventions.
Reference: Peng, M., Li, Y., Zhao, Z., and Wang, C., “System Architecture and Key Technologies for 5G
Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks” in IEEE Network, vol. 29, no. 2, 2015.
Trends in ECE Page 2 of 2 Ng, Carlos Angelo E.

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System Architecture and Key Technologies for 5G Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks

integrated into the 5G radio access network architectures.

Trends in ECE Page 1 of 2 Ng, Carlos Angelo E.

Trends in ECE Page 2 of 2 Ng, Carlos Angelo E.

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