MARY WARD CATHOLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL

Center for Self-Directed Learning

Grade 9 Academic Science (SNC 1D1)

Unit 3: Chemistry: Atoms and the Periodic Table

Revised: January 2021

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION EVALUATION CATEGORY

Activity 1: The Atom

A. Key Terms
B. The History of the Atom
C. The Atom

Activity 2: Elements and the Periodic Table

A. Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids

B. Periodic Table Basics
C. Subatomic Particles and the Periodic Table
D. Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams
E. The Periodic Table
G Assignment: Patterns in the Periodic Table Assignment Application
H. Unit 3 Quiz Quiz Knowledge

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Activity 1: The Atom

A. Key Terms

❏ Read Pearson Investigating Science 9 p. 168 – 175. Then, define the following key
terms in your notebook.

atom subatomic particles neutron relative mass

nucleus proton electron

B. The History of the Atom

Various scientists have contributed to the atomic model. As each scientist discovered or
learned new information, the model of the atom changed and eventually developed into what we
know today.

❏ Read p. 170 – 174 in Pearson Investigating Science 9. Use this information to complete
the table below about the evolving model of the atom.

Scientist Contribution Atomic Model

Created
Democritus Believed there were 4 basic forms of matter, called
elements.
1. _solid_____ 2. ___liquid____ 3. _gas______ 4.
__plasma_____
John Imagined all matter was made of small, indivisible spheres.
Dalton His theory had 4 components:
1. All matter is made of small indivisible particles called
atoms.
2. All the atoms of an element are identical in properties
such as size and mass.
3. Atoms of different elements have different properties.
4. Atoms of different elements can combine in specific
ways to form new substances.

J.J. Experimented with electric currents in glass tubes

Thompson
called ____cathode ray tube_____________________.

The subatomic particle of the ___electron________ was

discovered, which has a __negative________ charge.

Thompson proposed that the atom was made of smaller

particles. He reasoned if there were negative charges,
there should also be __positive_________ charges.

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 Scientist Contribution Atomic Model
Created
Earnest Conducted what is known as the “Gold Foil Experiment”
Rutherford
where he shot _positively____ charged particles at a
piece of gold foil.

Since some particles were deflected, he proposed that

there must be a large, positively charged center of the
atom (called the _nucleus______).

His model has the positive __charge____ in the center of

the atom, and the negative __charges____ surrounding
it.
James Discovered the neutral particle in the nucleus of the
Chadwick
atom, known as the __neutrons_________.
Niels Bohr Built on Rutherford’s model, suggesting electrons
surround the nucleus in specific energy levels called
_shells__________.

Each shell can only hold a specific number of electrons.

Erwin The most accurate and advanced model of the atom,

Schrödinger suggesting electrons surround the nucleus in energy
levels that resemble a ___cloud________.

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C. The Atom

All elements are made up of one type of atom.

Using Pearson Investigating Science 9 p. 175, complete the following table about the properties
of the subatomic particles.

Name Symbol Relative Mass Electric Charge Location

p 1 1+ nucleus
Proton
n 1 0 nucleus
Neutron
e 0 -1 orbitals
Electron

Activity 2: Elements and the Periodic Table

A. Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids

Using Pearson Investigating Science 9 p. 180 – 181, complete the following table about metals,
non-metals and metalloids.

Properties Examples
colour, conductivity, lustre, ductile, malleable most of them are
metals shiny and silver or
some might be gray
in colour. They are
the best conductors in
electricity.
state, colour, lustre, conductivity only 17 elements are
non-metals non-metals only
because they dont
resemble metals.
Sulphur is an soil
non-metal that is very
brittle and will
crumble if struck. they
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 can’t conduct
electricity.
conductivity,metallic , nonmetallic comantion of metallic
metalloids properties and non metallic
properties. they
conduct electricity but
not very well. they are
considered
semiconductors.

Check your understanding!

Read the description then decide if the substance is a metal, non-metal or metalloid.

a. Soft, non-conductor, yellow non-metal

b. Hard, malleable, conducts heat metal

c. Hard, shiny, green, brittle non-metal

d. Soft, orange, flexible metalliod

e. Silvery, lustrous, ductile metal

B. Periodic Table Basics

❏ Read Pearson Investigating Science 9 p. 190 – 193. Then, define the following key
terms in your notebook.

atomic number atomic mass units group (chemical family)

atomic mass period

Elements are placed on the periodic table according to their atomic number, which increases
from left to right.

Element symbols are letters used to represent the names of elements. They are either one or
two letters. The first is always a capital, and the second is always lowercase. Usually, the first
letter of the element is used, but when scientists ran out of letters, they began to use the second
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letter in the name as well. Some elements were discovered in ancient times, and so were given
symbols based on their Latin name.

In your notebook, answer Learning Checkpoint questions #1 – 3 on p. 190 and #1 – 2 on p. 193

in Pearson Investigating Science 9. Use the periodic table on p. 191 or at the back of the
textbook to help you.

C. Subatomic Particles and the Periodic Table

There is a relationship between the information provided on the periodic table and the number
of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms of each of the elements.

Check your understanding!

Use the periodic table in Pearson Investigating Science 9 to complete the following chart. The
first row has been done for you.

Don’t forget to round the atomic mass to the nearest whole number! Show all your work.

Element Element Atomic Atomic Mass # of # of # of

Name Symbol Number (Rounded) protons electrons neutrons
(7 – 3 =)
lithium Li 3 7 3 3 4

O 8 16 8 8 16-8=
oxygen 8

Cl 17 36 17 17 36-17=
chlorine 17

neon 10 20 10 10 20-10=
Ne 10

7 14 7 7 14-7=
nitrogen N 7

Al 13 27 13 13 27-13=
aluminum 14

phosphor P 31 15 15 31-15=
us 15 16

sodium Na 23 11 11 23-11=
11 12
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 silicon Si 14 28 14 28-14=
14 14

argon Ar 18 40 18 40-18=
18

D. Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

Bohr-Rutherford diagrams represent an atom of a particular element. They show how the
protons, neutrons, and electrons are arranged.

The number of protons and neutrons are written in the circle (the nucleus).

Electrons are drawn in orbitals (shells) around the nucleus. Each orbital can hold a maximum
number of electrons.

The outermost shell that has electrons is called the valence shell. Electrons in this shell are
called valence electrons.

Rules for Electron Shells

1st shell – up to 2 electrons
2nd shell – up to 8 electrons
3rd shell – up to 8 electrons
4th shell – up to 18 electrons

Chlorine atom

Atomic number = 17
Atomic mass = 36
# protons = 17
# neutrons = (36 – 17) = 19
# electrons = 17

# valence electrons = 7

Check your understanding!

Element Mass # # # Bohr-Rutherford

(Rounded) Protons Neutrons Electrons Diagram
8 8 8

7
oxygen 16

14 14 14

silicon 28

Determine the number of subatomic particles in the first 20 elements by completing the following
chart. Then, click on this Jamboard link to use this information and draw
Bohr-Rutherford diagrams for the first 20 elements.

Element Atomic Atomic Mass # Protons # Neutrons # Electrons

Number (Rounded)
1 1 1 0 1
Hydrogen
2 4 2 2 2
Helium
3 7 3 4 3
Lithium
4 9 4 5 4
Beryllium
5 11 5 6 5
Boron
6 12 6 6 6
Carbon
7 14 7 7 7
Nitrogen
8 16 8 8 8
Oxygen
9 19 9 10 9
Fluorine
10 20 10 10 10
Neon
11 23 11 12 12
Sodium
12 24 12 12 12
Magnesium
13 27 13 14 13
Aluminum
14 28 14 14 14
Silicon
15 31 15 16 15
Phosphorus
16 32 15 16 15
Sulfur

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 17 36 17 19 17
Chlorine
18 40 18 22 18
Argon
19 39 19 20 19
Potassium
20 40 20 20 20
Calcium

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E. The Periodic Table
The periodic table is a chart used to organize all of the elements known today.

Metals are found on the left side of the table, and non-metals are on the right. There are 8
elements that have some properties of metals and some of non-metals. These are metalloids
and are found along the “staircase.”

The most reactive metals are at the bottom of the table. The most reactive non-metals are at
the top of the table.

❏ Read p. 193 – 195 in Pearson Investigating Science 9. Answer Learning Checkpoint

questions #1 – 2 on p. 195 in Pearson Investigating Science 9.

There are some special groups in the Periodic Table:

● Group 1 – Alkali Metals – the most reactive metals

● Group 2 – Alkaline Earth Metals – also very reactive metals
● Group 17 – Halogens – very reactive non-metals
● Group 18 – Noble Gases – unreactive, all exist as gases

Click on this Jamboard link to label the 2 periodic tables using the legends provided:
1. colour the metals, non-metals and metalloids a different colour on the first periodic table
2. colour the various groups a different colour on the second periodic table
3. use an arrow to show the direction of periods and groups on the second periodic table.

G. Assignment: Patterns in the Periodic Table

Complete, “Assignment: Patterns in the Periodic Table,” and submit it to the dropbox.

H. Unit 3 Quiz

The Unit 3 Quiz will cover everything in this unit. Take your quiz online during a specific date
and time, set by your teacher. You can access this quiz by clicking on the Quizzes tab.

The End 😊
Download a copy of your completed Unit Guide and the 2
Jamboards then submit it to the Unit 3 Guide Dropbox in D2L

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