Report On Simple Mic Audio Amplifier Project: (Midterm Project) Course: Circuit Analysis Instructor: Sir Abdul Rab

Report on Simple Mic audio amplifier
project
(Midterm project)
Course: Circuit Analysis
Instructor: Sir Abdul Rab

Group members: Sami Ullah Khan (BME VI), Arthur (BME VI) & Yousaf Masih (BME III)
CONTENTS
1. Background
2. Introduction
3. Components
4. Block Diagram
5. Circuit Diagram
6. Construction
7. Working
8. Calculations
9. Applications
10. Conclusion
11. References
Background:
Operational amplifiers (op amps) are a staple in modern electronics. Found in everything from industrial flow
metering to ultrasound imaging, versatility is their appeal. This building block is unique in that no other single
integrated circuit (IC) can be used in so many different applications and configurations. Besides providing
amplification, op amps can realize a wide range of functions such as summing, buffering, subtraction,
integration, differentiation, filtering, inversion, and current-to-voltage conversion, to name a few.
Introduction:
Simple Mic audio amplifier can amplify sound that is given from Microphone. This circuit can be used as
“Small mic and loudspeaker system” for a small space like a room. This circuit can also be used in many
applications like portable music players, intercoms, radio amplifiers, TV sound systems, Ultrasonic drivers etc.
It can also be used as sound sensor for microcontrollers. It is inexpensive, low power operated and only need
few components to work. This circuit is based on LM386 IC to amplify sound.
LM386 is a low voltage audio amplifier and frequently used in battery powered music devices like radios,
guitars, toys etc. The gain range is 20 to 200, gain is internally set to 20 (without using external component) but
can be increased to 200 by using resistor and capacitor between PIN 1 and 8, or just with a capacitor. Voltage
gain simply means that Voltage out is 200 times the Voltage IN. LM386 has a wide supply voltage range 4-12v.
Below is the Pin diagram of LM386
Components:
 IC LM386
 Condenser Mic
 Speaker 8ohm
 Capacitors- 0.1uF,1000uF
 Resistor- 10 ohm
 Potentiometer- 100k
 Battery 5-12v
Block diagram:
Circuit diagram:
Construction:
Pin description of LM386 is given in the following sections along with the functions of external components
used for amplification
PIN 1 and 8: These are the gain control PINs, internally the gain is set to 20 but it can be increased up to 200 by
using a capacitor between PIN 1 and 8. We have used 10uF capacitor C1 to get the highest gain i.e. 200. Gain
can be adjusted to any value between 20 to 200 by using proper capacitor.
Pin 2 and 3: These are the input PINs for sound signals. Pin 2 is the negative input terminal, connected to the
ground. Pin 3 is the positive input terminal, in which sound signal is fed to be amplified. In our circuit it is
connected to the positive terminal of the condenser mic with a 100k potentiometer RV1. Potentiometer acts as
volume control knob.
Pin 4 and 6: These are the power supply Pins of IC, Pin 6 for is +Vcc and Pin 4 is Ground. The circuit can be
powered with voltage between 5-12v.
Pin 5: This is the output PIN, from which we get the amplified sound signal.
The output signal has both AC and DC component, and DC component is undesirable and can’t be fed to
Speaker. So to remove this DC component, a capacitor C2 of 220uF has been used. This has the same function
as Capacitor C5 (0.1uF) at input side.
Pin 7: This is the bypass terminal. It can be left open or can be grounded using a capacitor for stability.
This LM386 audio amplifier circuit can be also used to record any sound. We just need a 3.5 mm audio plug
and a computer with sound recording software. We only need to connect computer’s 3.5mm jack in place of
Speaker, using 3.5mm audio plug, and we can easily record our voice or any sound into computer like a
professional microphone.
Working:
The LM386 is a type of operational amplifier (Op-Amp). Operational amplifiers have a basic task. They take an
input potential (voltage) and produce an output potential that’s tens, hundreds, or thousands of times the
magnitude of the input potential. In an amplifier circuit, the LM386 takes an audio input signal and increases its
potential anywhere from 20 to 200 times. That amplification is what’s known as the voltage gain.
Gain is the amplification of the input potential and is a characteristic of the amplifier. Volume lets you adjust
the sound level within the range of amplification set by the gain. Gain sets the range of possible volume levels.
For example, if your gain is set to 20, the range of volume is 0 to 20. If your gain is set to 200, the range of
volume is 0 to 200.
Gain control can be achieved by connecting a 10 μF capacitor between pins 1 and 8. Without a capacitor
between pins 1 and 8, the gain will be set to 20. With the 10 μF capacitor, the gain will be set to 200. The gain
can be changed to any value between 20 and 200 by placing a resistor (or potentiometer) in series with the
capacitor.
Calculation:
1
Xc=
2 πfC
As we know that frequency is 100 Hz and C1 is 1000uF

So, the impedance is
1
Xc=
2 πfC
1
¿
2(3.14)(100 Hz)(1000uF )
Impedance of C1 = 1.59 ohm

Vout 30
Gain of amplifier = Vin = 150 mV = 200
Thus, when the amplifier will reach its maximum gain level the output reaches 30V.
Application in medical technologies:

Healthcare products are no longer restricted to hospitals and clinical settings. Today’s consumer can purchase a
wide variety of home healthcare electronics including automatic blood pressure monitors, fingertip pulse
oximeters, digital thermometers, and blood glucose monitors. Op amps, used in medical platforms that include
diagnostics, therapy, monitoring, imaging, and instrumentation, can be found in almost any block diagram. In
the main signal path, secondary circuits and power supplies, their uses are countless.
Bioelectrochemical sensors are essential in most medical equipment used for monitoring vital parameters of the
human body e.g. potentiostat or galvanostat.
Op amps form a key component when designing any analogue or mixed-signal power supply.
It is used as digital power converter. Op amps form a key component when designing any analogue or mixed-
signal power supply.
It used in control system. If an analogue control approach is taken when designing a power converter operating
in buck or boost topology to regulate the output voltage, the control system invariably requires a compensator
using an op amp.
Conclusion:
The ubiquitous presence and influence of the op amp exists across the length and breadth of the electronic
world. In some applications, they play a significant role. These include medical electronics, power supplies and
even some generic signal processing and measurement applications.fth
References:
M. R. Stetzer, P. Van kampen, P. S. Shaffer, and L. C. Mcdermott, “ new insights into student understanding of
complete circuits and the conservation of current,” am. J. Phys. 81, 134–
143 (2013). Https://doi.Org/10.1119/1.4773293, google scholarscitation, ISI
P. Coppens, M. De cock, and C. H. Kautz, “ student understanding of filters in analog electronics lab courses,”
in proceedings of the 40th SEFI annual conference, thessaloniki, greece, 2012.
Deepti and sharma s. Energy harvesting using piezoelectric for wireless sensor network 2016 IEEE 1st
international conference on power electronics, intelligent control and energy systems (ICPEICES) (delhi, india,
july (2016)) 1-3

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Report On Simple Mic Audio Amplifier Project: (Midterm Project) Course: Circuit Analysis Instructor: Sir Abdul Rab

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Report on Simple Mic audio amplifier

Course: Circuit Analysis

Instructor: Sir Abdul Rab

As we know that frequency is 100 Hz and C1 is 1000uF

Impedance of C1 = 1.59 ohm

Application in medical technologies:

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