Experiment 7: Statement
Experiment 7: Statement
Experiment 7: Statement
Experiment 7
STATEMENT
Determination of principal strain and stress using Strain Rosette
technique
7.1 APPARATUS
• Model beam (maximum extreme fiber stress = 250 N/mm2 )
• Strain rosette 2 Nos. (cemented to beam, gauge factor = 2.05)
• Strain meter (gives direct strain reading)
• 45 volt D.C battery
• Pressure cell (hydraulic jack and bourdon gauge)
• Vernier caliper
• Measuring tape
• Connecting wires
Where principal axes are the imaginary lines where 2nd moment of area
achieves its extreme value and product moment of inertia is zero.
1
Structural Mechanics
When the normal stresses achieve their extreme values as σmax, min are
known as “principal stresses”
OR
“These are extreme values of normal stresses which are possible at any
point in a material.”
When normal stress are acting on major principal planes then these are
called as “major principal stress” (σ1 or σmax.)
When normal stresses are acting on minor principal planes, then these are
called as “minor principal stresses” (σ2, σmin)
Mathematically,
The extreme values of normal strain at any point in a material are known
as “principal strains” and these are major and minor principal strains.
Mathematically,
Strain Rosette:
It is the set of at least three strain gauges in three different directions
cemented on the complete state of stresses and strains.
2
Structural Mechanics
Types:
Normally, four types are available in the market, which are as under:-
• 45o strain rosette:
• 60o strain rosette:
• 120o strain rosette:
• Four Elements Strain Rosette
Өa = 0o , Өb = 45o , Өc = 90o
Єx = Єa , Єy = Єc , γxy = Єa + Єc - 2Єb
CE = (Єa – Єc)/2
AE = (Єa + Єc)/2 - Єb
Өa = 0o , Өb = 60o , Өc = 120o
Єx = Єa
Єy = 1/3 (2Єb + 2Єc – Єa)
½ γxy = 1/[3] (Єc –Єb)
3
Structural Mechanics
Ө a = 0o , Өb = 120o , Өc = 240o
(Єx)avg = Σ (Єi/N)
7.3 PROCEDURE
i. Measure the beam span “a” and location of each strain rosette.
ii. Switch on the stain meter. Check battery voltage and setting of each
factor. Set the static mode for strain measurements.
iii. Take zero load readings of strain meter for each gauge.
iv. Apply load in two equal increments over the range and take strain
meter readings for each strain gauge for each load.
v. Unload and check the gauge zeros. If large drifts are detected repeat
the experiment for the gauges concerned.
7.4 COMMENTS
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