CBC

(range) Above Range Below Range

WBC Leukocytosis Leukopenia

(4,500 - 11,000/mm3) - Infection - Autoimmune
- Inflammation - Cancer (lymphoma)
- Cigarette Smoking or COPD - Bone marrow disorders
- Leukemia, myeloproliferative disorders - Viral or severe bacterial infections
- Allergies/ Asthma - Liver or spleen problems
- Tissue Death (trauma/ burns) - Immune System Diseases (AIDS/HIV)
- Intense exercise or stress - Can be affected by medications
- Immune system disorder
- Stress
RBC Polycythemia Anemia
(Male: 4.3 - 5.9 - Dehydration - Acute or chronic bleeding
million/mm3 - Lung Disease - RBC destruction (hemolytic anemia)
Female: 3.5 - 5.5 - Tumor that produces excess erythropoietin (kidney) - Nutritional deficiency (iron, B12, folate)
million/mm3) - Smoking - Bone marrow disorders/damage
- High altitude - Chronic Inflammatory
- Genetics (abnl hemoglobin oxygen release) - Chronic kidney disease
- Polycythemia (very rare)

Hemoglobin In absences of abnormalities in environment (living at Also indicative of Anemia

(Male: 13.5 - 17.5 g/dL high altitude, prescribed drugs (EPO)) : - Aplastic Anemia
Female: 12.0 - 16.0 - COPD - Cancer
g/dL) - Congenital heart disease - HIV drugs or chemotherapy
- Emphysema - Cirrhosis
- Heart failure or heart and lung diseases - Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Kidney Cancer - Hypothyroidism
- IBS - Iron deficiency anemia
 Hematocrit - Dehydration Also indicative of Anemia
(Male: 41% - 53% - Lung Disease - Chronic bleeding
Female: 36% - 46%) - Tumor that produces excess erythropoietin (kidney) - Nutritional Deficiencies
(Ratio of RBC to total - Smoking - Kidney disease or failure
blood volume) - Thalassemia
MCV Indicates Large RBCs (macrocytic) Indicates Small RBCs (microcytic)
(80 - 100 µm3) - Caused by B12 or folate deficiency anemias - Caused by iron deficiency anemia
(Average blood cell - Myelodysplasia - Or Thalassemia
volume) - Liver disease
- Hypothyroidism
MCH High MCV usually associated Low MCV usually associated
(25.4 - 34.6 pg/cell) (Bigger cell more HGB) (Smaller cell less HGB)
(# of hemoglobin per
RBC)
MCHC Hyperchromia ( more HGB inside cells) Hypchromia
(31% - 36% Hb/cell) - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (burn patients) - Seen in iron deficient anemia
(hemoglobin - Hereditary spherocytosis (rare congenital disorder) - Or Thalassemia
concentration per RBC –
or # of HGB in relation
to volume of cell) (may be low if MCV is)

Platelet Count Thrombocytosis Thrombocytopenia

(150,000 - - Cancer (lung, GI, breast, ovarian, lymphoma) - Viral Infection (mono, measles, hep)
400,000/mm3) - Rheumatoid Arthritis, IBD, lupus - Rocky Mtn. Spotted fever
- Iron deficiency anemia - Drugs (acetaminophen, quinidine, sulfa drugs)
- Hemolytic Anemia - Cirrhosis
- Myeloproliferative disorder - Autimmune
- Sepsis
- Leukemia, lymphoma
- Myelodysplasia
- Chemo or radiation therapy
Segmented Neutrophil Neutrophilia Neutropenia
(54% - 62%) - Infection - Sepsis
- Myeloproliferative disorders - Chemotherapy
- Hereditary or chronic idiopathic neutrophilia - Leukemia
- Down Syndrome - Myelodysplastic syndromes
- Stress - Myelofibrosis
- Cigarette Smoking - Vitamin deficiencies
- Drugs (glucocorticoids, Recombinant G-CSF or - Kostmann’s syndrome
GM-CSF, catecholamines, lithium) - Myelokathexis
- Heatstroke - Hep A,B,and C
- Hemolysis - HIV/ AIDS
- Asplenia and hyposplenism - Lyme disease
- Malaria
- Salmonella
- Sepsis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Antibiotics can also lower numbers
- Hypersplenism
Bands
(3% - 5%) Indicates more neutrophil are being produced ^^ Indicates less neutrophils are being produced ^^
(AKA stabs- immature
neutrophils)

Lymphocytes Lymphocytosis Lymphocytopenia

(25% - 33%) - Acute viral infetions (chicken pox, CMV, EBV, - Autoimmune disorder (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis,
herpes, rubella) etc.)
- Certain bacterial infections (pertussis or TB) - Infections (HIV, viral Hep, typhoid fever, influenza)
- Toxoplasmosis - Bone marrow damage (chemo/radiation therapy)
- Chronic inflammatory disorder - Corticosteroids
- Lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma
- Acute stress
 Monocyte - Chronic infections (TB, fungal infection) If a repeated low count:
( 3% - 7%) - Infection within the heart - Bone marrow damage
- Collagen vascular diseases (lupus, scleroderma, - Hairy cell leukemia
rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis) - Aplastic anemia
- Monocytic or myelomonocytic leukemia (acute or
chronic)
Eosinophil - Asthma, allergies Numbers are normally low
( 1% - 3%) - Drug reactions
- Parasitic Infections
- Inflammatory disorders
- Some cancers, leukemias or lymphomas
- Addison Disease
Basophil - Rare allergic reactions Numbers are normally low
( 0% - 0.75%) - Inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis)
- Some leukemias
- Uremia