REPORTED SPEECH

CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

Direct speech Reported speech

will / shall      would / should

am / is / are going to was / were going to

present simple  past simple

present continuous past continuous

past continuous past perfect continuous

present perfect past perfect

past simple   past perfect

must  had to

can   could   
              
Ví dụ:
       Direct speech: “I’ll talk to Mr Jones,” said he.
       Reported speech: He said he would talk to Mr Jones.

+     Một số động từ không thay đổi khi chuyển sang lời nói gián tiếp: would => would, could =>
could, might => might, should => should, ought to => ought to

+      Khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp mà động từ tường thuật ở thì quá khứ thì các
trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn và đại từ chỉ định được chuyển đổi theo quy tắc sau:

 Direct speech   Reported speech

today that day

tonight   that night

tomorrow  the next day / the following day

yesterday the day before / the previous day

ago before

now    then

next / on Tuesday the next / following Tuesday

last Tuesday the previous Tuesday / the Tuesday before

the day after tomorrow in two days’ time / two days later

this  that
these those

this / that  the

here   there
    
Ví dụ: 
    Direct speech: “I’m leaving here tomorrow,” said Mary.
    Reported speech: 
       Mary said (that) she was leaving there the next day.

*     Nguyên tắc trên được áp dụng cho tất các các loại câu tường thuật.    

§     Có 3 loại câu tường thuật cơ bản:

1.    Reported statements: 

            S + say(s) / said + (that) + S + V

says / say to + O => tells / tell + O

         said to + O => told + O

Ví dụ:  - He said to me: “I haven’t finished my work.”

            š He told me he hadn’t  finished his work.  

2.    Reported questions:

A.    Yes / No questions:
§     Câu tường thuật loại câu hỏi Có hay Không (Yes / No questions) có dạng sau:

asked (+ O)
S+ wanted to know  +  if / whether + S + V.
wondered
    
Ví dụ:
“Are you angry?” he asked.
He asked if / whether I was angry.

“Did you see the film?” Tam asked.

Tam asked if / whether I had seen the film.

*     Lưu ý: Khi tường thuật câu hỏi Có hay Không (Yes - No questions), ta phải chuyển câu hỏi trực
tiếp sang dạng khẳng định, rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, đại
từ chỉ định, và chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, đại từ sở hữu cho phù hợp.

*     says / say to + O => asks / ask + O

                said to + O => asked + O

Ví dụ:   He said to me: “Have you been to America?”

            š He asked me if / whether I had been to America.

B.    Wh-questions:
 asked (+ O) + Wh-words + S + V.
S+ wanted to know  \
wondered
  
Ví dụ:   They asked us: “Where are you going on holiday?”
            š They asked us where we were going on holiday.

             “What are you talking about?” said the teacher.

            š The teacher asked us what we were talking about.

says / say to + O => asks / ask + O

          said to + O => asked + O

Ví dụ:   He said to me: “Who are you writing to?”

            š He asked me who I was writing to.

3.    Reported commands:

§     Câu tường thuật loại câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định có dạng:

S   +     told     +    O    +    to-infinitive.

Ví dụ:  - “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said.

          š Tom told Mary to wait for him there.

§     Câu tường thuật loại câu mệnh lệnh phủ định có dạng:

S    +     told     +    O    +    not to-infinitive.

Ví dụ:  “Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said.

            š The teacher told the children not to talk in class.

Một số động từ thường dùng khi tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh: tell, ask, order, advise, warn, beg,
command, remind, instruct, ....

Các lùi thì trong câu tường thuật

Thông thường chúng ta sẽ lùi một thì so với thì được sử dụng trong câu trực tiếp. Các bạn xem chi
tiết trong bảng dưới đây.

Tường thuật trực tiếp  Tường thuật gián tiếp (tương đương)
Simple present (Hiện tại đơn) Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)
Present continuous (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)  Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
Present perfect (Hiện tại hoàn thành)  Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành) Past perfect (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
Past perfect continuous (Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp
Present perfect continuous (Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)
diễn)
 Past perfect continuous (Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp
Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
diễn)
Future (Tương lai đơn) Present conditional (Điều kiện ở hiện tại)
Future continuous (Tương lai tiếp diễn) Conditional continuous (Điều kiện tiếp diễn)

Lưu ý:

-Modal verbs:

 Can →  Could
 May → Might
 Must →  Must/Had to

-Không lùi thì với các modal verbs: might, could, would, should, ought to

-Không lùi thì khi Động từ tường thuật (say/tell) ở hiện tại hay câu tường thuật chỉ một sự thật hiển
nhiên, một chân lý.

E.g:

Daniel said, “You can go with him to the university” → Daniel said I could go with him to the
university.

She said, “I have seen that girl” → She said she had seen that girl.

Đổi đại từ nhân xưng, đại từ và tính từ sở hữu

Trong câu trực tiếp Trong câu tường thuật

I He, She
Đại từ nhân xưng We They
You I, we
Mine His, hers
Đại từ sở hữu  Ours Theirs
Yours Mine, Ours
My His, her
Tính từ sở hữu Our Their
Your My, Our
Me Him, her
Tân ngữ Us Them
You Me, us
Lưu ý: khi tường thuật câu nói của chính mình thì các đại từ, tính từ trên không đổi

Đổi các từ chỉ về nơi chốn và thời gian cho phù hợp

DIRECT (Trực tiếp) INDIRECT (Gián tiếp)

This That

These Those
Here There

Now Then; at the time

Today That day

Yesterday The day before; the previous day

The day before yesterday Two days before

Tomorrow The day after; the next/following day

The day after tomorrow Two days after; in two days’ time

Ago Before

This week That week

Last week The week before; the previous week

Next week The week after; the following/next week

 1. “Open the door,” she said to them.

– She told them………………………………………………………….

2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.

– He asked her where…………………………………………………

3. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said to them.

– I told… ………………………………………………………………….

4. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked my mother.

– I asked her… …………………………………………………………..

5. “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack.

– He told Jack that…. …………………………………………………….

6. “I’m very sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Mary

– Paul apologized………………………………………………………………………….

7. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice.

– The notice said that……………………………………………………………………

8. “Linda, please don’t tell anyone my new number phone,” said Mary.

– Mary asked………………………………………………………………………………..

ĐÁP ÁN:

1. She told them to open the door.

2. He asked her where she was going.
3. I told them to bring it back if it didn’t fit.
4. I asked my mother whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.
5. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.
6. Paul apologized to Mary for giving her the wrong number.
7. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.
8. Mary asked Linda not to tell anyone her new number phone
Bài 1: Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng cách nói gián tiếp.
1.“Open the door.” he said to them.
- He told them...................................................................
2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
- He asked her where.........................................................
3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.
- He asked... ......................................................................
4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit.”, I said to her.
- I told... ............................................................................
5. “Don’t try to open it now.” she said to us.
- She told... ........................................................................
6. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.
- I asked her... ....................................................................
7. “He’s not at home.”, she said.
- She said that... .................................................................
8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.
- The girl wanted to know... ..............................................
9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann.” Tom said.
- Tom told Ann... ...............................................................
10. “Please let me borrow your car.” he said to her.
- He asked... ........................................................................
11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.
- Thomas asked Jean........................................................
12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary.”, I said.
- I told Mary.... ...................................................................
13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you.” she said.
- She said that...
14. “I’ll pay him if I can.” she said.
- She said that... ...................................................................
15. “What are you going to do next summer?” she asked.
- She asked us.... ...................................................................
16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow.” he told Jack.
- He told Jack that.... .............................................................
17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.
- Tom asked Jean.... ..............................................................
18. “I want a camera for my birthday.” he said.
- He said that.... ...................................................................
19. “Don’t keep the door locked.” he said to us.
- He told us.... ...................................................................
20. “How long are you going to stay?” I asked him.
- I asked him how long....
21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.
- She wanted to know.... ..................................................
22. “Don’t use too much hot water.” she said to us.
- She asked us.... ..............................................................
23. “Will you come to my party?” she said to me.
- She invited me.... ............................................................
24. “Don’t do it again.” she said to them.
She told them..................................................................
25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes to you?” she asked.
- She asked.......................................................................
26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys.” she said.
- She told..........................................................................
27. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.
- Mary asked.......................................................................
28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.
- Peter asked if .......................................................................
29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
- The office manager wondered............................................................
30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth.’’ said John.
- John advised Elizabeth........................................................................
31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John.
- John accused.......................................................................................
32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary.
- Mary accused......................................................................................
33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley.
- The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley...............................................................
34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert.” the doctor said.
- The doctor advised................................................................................
35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said to himself.
- Tim wondered.......................................................................................
36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number.” said Paul to Susan.
- Paul apologized.....................................................................................
37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.
- Martha asked Peter when.....................................................................
38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to her mother.
- Anna asked............................................................................................
39.. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William.”, his mother said.
- William’s mother told..........................................................................
40. “Don’t bite your nails.” said Mrs. Rogers to her son.
- Mrs. Rogers told....... .............................................................................
41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary.” said George.
- George said............................................................................................
42. “I’m sorry, Angela.” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car."
- Martin apologized..................................................................................
43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.
- The landlady asked................................................................................
44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address.” said Mary.
- Mary asked............................................................................................
45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30.” said the notice.
- The notice said that..............................................................................
46. “Where is the best place to buy souvenirs?”
- I asked..................................................................................................
47. “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow.”
- She reminded me ................................................................................
48. “Do not write on the wall.” said the teacher to the boys.
- The teacher told the boys………………………………………..........
49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.
- The interviewer asked ...........................................................................
50. “Why didn’t you report the incident to the police?” the officer asked the frightened
witness.
- The officer wanted to know...................................................................

Đáp án
1. He told them to open the door.
2. He asked her where she was going.
3. He asked me which way they had gone.
4. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit.
5. She told us not to try to open it then.
6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.
7. She said that he was not at home.
8. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.
9. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.
10. He asked her to let him borrow her car.
11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.
12. I told Mary not to leave the window open.
13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.
14. She said that she would pay him if she could.
15. She asked us what we were going to do the following summer.
16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.
17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.
18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.
19. He told us not to keep the door locked.
20. I asked him how long he was going to stay.
21. She wanted to know whether I was going by train.
22. She asked us not to use too much hot water.
23. She invited me to come to her party.
24. She told them not to do it again.
25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes to me.
26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.
27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.
28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.
29. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before.
30. John advised Elizabeth not to lend him any more money.
31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette.
32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.
33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born.
34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert to take more exercise.
35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job.
36. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number.
37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.
38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle.
39. William’s mother told him not to leave the house until she got back.
40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to bite his nails.
41. George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times.
42. Martin apologized to Angela for having damaged her car.
43. The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch.
44. Mary asked John not to tell anyone her new address.
45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.
46. I asked where the best place to buy souvenirs was.
47. She reminded me to bring my passport with me the following day.
48. The teacher told the boys not to write on the wall.
49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000.
50. The officer wanted to know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident
to the police.
Bài 2: Viết lại câu
1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.
She asked............................................. ......................
2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.
Martin asked us................................................ ...................
3. He asked, "Do I have to do it?"
He asked............................................. ......................
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter.......................................... .........................
5. "Which dress do you like best?" she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend......................................... ..........................
6. "What are they doing?" she asked.
She wanted to know.............................................. .....................
7. "Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.
He wanted to know.............................................. .....................
8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
The teacher wanted to know.............................................. .....................
9. "How do you know that?" she asked me
She asked me................................................ ...................
10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.
My friend asked me................................................ ...................
Đáp án
1. She asked where her umbrella was.
2. Martin asked us how we were.
3. He asked if he had to do it.
4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been.
5. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best
6. She wanted to know what they were doing
7. He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema
8. The teacher wanted to know who spoke English
9. She asked me how I knew that
10. My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin
Bài 3. bài tập viết lại câu tường thuật
1. "What's the time?" he asked.
→ He wanted to know .................................................. .
2. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
3. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.
→ She asked him .................................................. .
4. "Where did they live?" he asked.
→ He wanted to know .................................................. .
5. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
6. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
7. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.
→ The teacher wanted to know .................................................. .
8. "Why don't you help me?" she asked him.
→ She wanted to know .................................................. .
9. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.
→ He asked me .................................................. .
10. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.
→ The mother asked the twins .................................................. .
Đáp án
1. He wanted to know what the time was
2. She asked me when we would meet again
3. She asked him if he was crazy
4. He wanted to know where they had lived
5. He asked her if she would be at the party
6. She asked me if I could meet her at the station
7. The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer
8. She wanted to know why he didn't help her
9. He asked me if I had seen that car
10. The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room
Bài 4. bài tập câu trực tiếp gián tiếp có đáp án
1. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.
→ The teacher told Joe .................................................. .
2. "Be patient," she said to him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
3. "Go to your room," her father said to her.
→ Her father told her .................................................. .
4. "Hurry up," she said to us.
→ She told us .................................................. .
5. "Give me the key," he told her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
6. "Play it again, Sam," she said.
→ She asked Sam .................................................. .
7. "Sit down, Caron" he said.
→ He asked Caron .................................................. .
8. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said.
→ The receptionist asked the guest .................................................. .
9. "Take off your shoes," she told us.
→ She told us .................................................. .
10. "Mind your own business," she told him.
→ She told him ………………………..
Đáp án
1. The teacher told Joe to stop talking
2. She told him to be patient
3. Her father told her to go to her room
4. She told us to hurry up
5. He asked her to give him the key
6. She asked Sam to play it again
7. He asked Caron to sit down
8. The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form
9. She told us to take off our shoes
10. She told him to mind his own business.
Bài 5. Bài tập chuyển câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
1. “I walked home after the event,” Tom said.
__________________________________________________________.

2. “Do you enjoy listening to music?” Bin asked her.

__________________________________________________________.
3. She said to me “Can you speak Vietnamese?”
__________________________________________________________.
4. “I don’t like this red cap,” she said.
__________________________________________________________.
5. He said to me “I haven’t finished my work”.
__________________________________________________________.
6. “I must go home to make the dinner”,said Linda.
__________________________________________________________.
7. “I have just received a postcard from my aunt,”my best friend said to me.
__________________________________________________________.
8. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” Nam asked his friend.

__________________________________________________________.
9. ”Give him a smile,”The photographer told him.
__________________________________________________________.
10. “Don’t discuss this question now,” said my teacher to us.
__________________________________________________________.
11. “If the weather is fine, I will go on a picnic with my friends,” she said.
__________________________________________________________.
12. “What would you do if you had three days off ?” I asked him.
__________________________________________________________.
13. “If you had listened to my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a big mistakes.”
Julia said to LiLi.
__________________________________________________________.
14. “I’m sure she will help you if you ask her.”, he told me.
__________________________________________________________.
15. “I will be surprised if Mary doesn’t pass the exam.”, our teacher said.
__________________________________________________________.
Đáp án
1. Tom told me that he had walked home after the event.
2. Bin asked her if she enjoyed listening to music.
3. She asked me if I could speak Vietnamese.
4. She told me that she didn’t like that red cap.
5. He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
6. Linda told me that she must go home to make the dinner.
7. My best friend told me that she/he had just received a postcard from her/his aunt.
8. Nam asked his friend whether her/his sister and brother went to the same school.
9. The photographer told him to give him a smile.
10. My teacher told us not to discuss that question then.
11. She said if the weather was fine, she would go on a picnic with her friends.
12. I asked him what he would do if he had had three days off.
13. Julia told LilLi that she would not have made such a big mistake if she had listened
to her advice.
14. He told me that he was sure she would help if I asked her.
15. Our teacher said that she would be surprised of Mary did not pass the exam.