CHUYÊN ĐỀ: CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT (REPORTED SPEECH)

CÂU GIÁN TIẾP( INDIRECT SPEECH)

1. Cách chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp

+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) chia ở các thì hiện tại chúng ta giữ
nguyên thì (tense) của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp.

- He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.”

⇒ He says he is going to Ha Noi next week.

+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi
động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp theo
quy tắc sau:

Biến đổi thì của động từ và động từ khuyết thiếu theo bảng sau:

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Present simple Past simple

Present continuous Past continuous

Present perfect Past perfect

Past simple Past perfect

Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

will would

can could

must/ have to had to

may might

Biến đổi đại từ và các từ hạn định theo bảng sau:

 Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

Chủ ngữ I he/ she

You I/ We/ They

We We/ They

Tân ngữ me him/ her

you me/ us/ them

us us/ them

my his/ her

your my/ our/ their

our our/ their

mine his/ hers

yours mine/ ours/ theirs

ours ours/ theirs

this the/ that

these the/ those

Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo bảng sau:

GY Câu gián tiếp

here there

now then/ at that moment

today/ tonight that day/ that night

tomorrow the next day

next week the following week

 yesterday thepreviousday
the day before

last week the week before

ago before

NOTE: Khi chuyển động từ các bạn chỉ cần nhớ lấy động từ gần chủ ngữ nhất giảm
xuống 1 cột tức là:

- Động từ ở cột 1 thì giảm xuống cột 2, ( nhớ thêm ed khi không phải là đông từ bất
quy tắc)

- Động từ cột 2 thì giảm thành cột 3

- Động từ cột 3 thêm had phía trước

Các trường hợp không cần lùi thì trong câu tường thuật

Trong những trường hợp này, không cần lùi thì của động từ khi chuyển sang câu tường
thuật sẽ giúp giữ nguyên ý nghĩa và bản chất của câu nói ban đầu.

Không lùi thì với các từ: ought to, should, would, could, might.

Ví dụ:

• “You should exercise more regularly,” the doctor advised me.

→ The doctor advised me that I should exercise more regularly.

• “I could help you with that project if you want,” she offered.

→ She said that she could help me with that project if I wanted.

Không lùi thì khi tường thuật về một sự thật hiển nhiên

Ví dụ:

• “The sun rises in the east,” the teacher stated.

→ The teacher stated that the sun rises in the east.

 • “Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius,” the scientist explained.

→ The scientist explained that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

Không lùi thì khi câu sử dụng động từ tường thuật “say” và “tell” ở thì hiện tại.

Ví dụ:

• She says, “I am studying engineering at university.”

→ She says that she is studying engineering at university.

• “My neighbors are moving to a new city,” he tells me.

→ He tells me that his neighbors are moving to a new city.

CÁC LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

1. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể

S + said + (that) + S + V(lùi thì)

- says/say to + O -> tells/tell + O

- said to + O ->told+O

Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work” -> He told me he hadn’t finished his
work.

2. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi

a.Yes/No questions:

S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/wether+S+V

Ex: ”Are you angry?”he asked -> He asked if/whether I was angry.

b.Wh-questions:

S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V.

* says/say to + O -> asks/ask + O

* said to + O -> asked + O.

Ex: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher. -> The teacher asked us what we were
talking about.

3. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh

*Khẳng định: S + told + O + to-infinitive.

Ex: ”Please wait for me here, Mary.

”Tom said -> Tom told Mary to wait for him there.

*Phủ định: : S + told + O + not to-infinitive.

Ex: ”Don’t talk in class”,the teacher said to us. –>The teacher told us not to talk in class.

Một số dạng câu tường thuật đặc biệt

-> SHALL/ WOULD dùng để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời:

Tom asked: 'Shall I bring you some tea?'

-> Tom offered to bring me some tea.

Tom asked: 'Shall we meet at the theatre?'

-> Tom suggested meeting at the theatre.

-> WILL/ WOULD/ CAN/ COULD dùng để diễn tả sự yêu cầu:

Tom asked: 'Will you help me, please?'

-> Tom asked me to help him.

Jane asked Tom: 'Can you open the door for me, Tom?'

-> Jane asked Tom to open the door for her.

ài 1: Put in reported speech using the verbs given

1. “I will finish the report by tomorrow,” he said. (promise)

2. “I’m feeling unwell today,” she mentioned. (complain)

3. “We won the game!” they exclaimed. (announce)

4. “I didn’t take your book,” the boy told his brother. (deny)

5. “I’ll help you with your homework,” the girl offered. (offer)

6. “I’ve been to Paris three times,” he boasted. (boast)

7. “I think the test was quite difficult,” she admitted. (admit)

8. “I will start a new job next week,” he informed us. (inform)

9. “I do not agree with the decision,” she stated. (state)

10. “I saw him leaving the room,” the witness confirmed. (confirm)

Bài 2: Bài tập câu tường thuật pha trộn negative và positive

1. She said, "Go upstairs."

→ She told me .................................................. .
2. "Close the door behind you," he told me.
→ He told me .................................................. .

3. "Don't be late," he advised us.

→ He advised us .................................................. .

4. "Stop staring at me," she said.

→ She told him .................................................. .

5. "Don't be angry with me," he said.

→ He asked her .................................................. .

6. "Leave me alone," she said.

→ She told me .................................................. .

7. "Don't drink and drive," she warned us.

→ She warned us .................................................. .

8. "John, stop smoking," she said.

→ She told John .................................................. .

9. "Don't worry about us," they said.

→ They told her .................................................. .

10. "Meet me at the cinema." he said.

→ He asked me .................................................. .

11. He said, "I like this song."

→ He said .................................................. .

12. "Where is your sister?" she asked me.

→ She asked me .................................................. .

13. "I don't speak Italian," she said.

→ She said .................................................. .

14. "Say hello to Jim," they said.

→ They asked me .................................................. .

15. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said.

→ He said that ..................................................
Exercise 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất.
1. Jack asked me _____.
A. where do you come from?
B. where I came from
C. where I came from
D. where did I come from?
2. She asked me _____ I liked pop music.
A.when
B.what
C.if
D.x
3. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.
A.told
B.tell
C. have told
D. are telling
4. I wanted to know_____ return home.
A. when would she
B. when will she
C. when she will
D. when she would
5. Claire told me that her father____ a race horse.
A. owns
B. owned
C. owning
D. A and B
6. What did that man say ______?
A. at you
B. for you
C. to you
D. you
7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _______ raining there.
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. was
8. The builders have ______ that everything will be ready on time.
A. promised
B. promise
C. promises
D. promising
9. The doctor _______ him to take more exercise.
A. told
B. tell
C. have told
D. are telling
10. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she’d been on holiday
the ______ week.
A. ago
B. following
C. next
D. previous
11. Yesterday, Laura ______ him to put some shelves up.
A. asked
B. is asking
C. ask
D. was asked
12. Tom has ______ this story wasn’t completely true.
A. admitting that
B. was admitted that
C. admitted that
D. admit that
13. When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy ______ day.
A. that
B. the
C. then
D. this
14. I wonder _____ the tickets are on sale yet.
A. what
B. when
C. where
D. whether
15. Mathew _____ Emma that her train was about to leave.
A. has reminded
B. has reminded that
C. reminded
D. reminded that
16. Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you _____ ill.
A. are
B. were
C. was
D. should be
17. Ann ______ and left.
A. said goodbye to me
B. says goodbye to me
C. tell me goodbye
D. told me goodbye
18. I told you ______ switch off the computer, didn’t I ?
A. don’t
B. not
C. not to
D. to not
19. Bill was slow, so I ________ hurry up.
A. tell him
B. told him for
C. told to
D. told him to
20. Sarah was driving to fast, so I ______ to slow down.
A. asked her
B. asked
C. ask
D.have asked her
21. Someone ______ me there’s been an accident on the motorway.
A. asked
B. said
C. spoke
D. told
2. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I advised her _____.
A. no worry
B. not worry
C. no to worry
D. not to worry
23. I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I asked Tom_______.
A. giving a hand
B. gave a hand
C. to give a hand
D. give a hand
24. Tom said that New York _______ more lively than London.
A. is
B. be
C. was
D. were
25. When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he ______ use the phone.
A. can
B. could
C. may
D. must
26. George couldn’t help me. He ______ me to ask Kate.
A. tell
B. said
C. told
D. say
27. Judy ______ going for a walk, but no one else wanted to.
A.admitted
B. offered
C. promised
D. suggested
28. I said that I had met her ______ .
A. yesterday
B. the previous day
C. the day
D. the before day.
29. The man asked the boys ______ .
A. why did they fight
B. why they were fighting
C. why they fight
D.why were they fighting
30. “______the door”, he said.
A. please open
B. open pleased
C. please to open
D. please, opening
31. I wanted to know ______ return home.
A. when would she
B. when will she
C. when she will
D. when she would
32. The woman wonders _______ doing well at school.
A. whether her children are
B. if her children were
B. whether her children were
D. her children are if
33. Peter said he was leaving for Paris ______.
A. next week
B. the week previous
C. following week
D. the following week
34. “I don’t usually drink milk when ______ ” Mrs. Pike said.
A. she was hungry
B. I was hungry
C. I am hungry
D. I will be
35. They said that their house had been broken into ______.
A. the two days before
B. two days ago
C. two days before
D. since two days