CÂU TRỰC TIẾP - GIÁN TIẾP

Tenses:

Direct Speech (Lời nói trực tiếp) Reported Speech (lời nói gián tiếp)

Present simple Hiện tại đơn Past simple Quá khứ đơn

Present progressive Hiện tại tiếp diễn Past progressive Quá khứ tiếp diễn

Past simple Quá khứ đơn Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành

Past progresive Quá khứ tiếp diễn Past perfect progressive

Present perfect Hiện tại hoàn thành Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành

Present perfect progressive Past perfect progressive

Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành

Past perfect progressive Past perfect progressive

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Note: Will/ shall à would/ should ; Must à had to.

* Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cũng như đại từ chỉ định được thay đổi theo quy tắc sau:

Direct Speech Indirect Speech ( Reported)

This That
 Direct Speech Indirect Speech ( Reported)

These Those

this/that + N the + N

Here There

Now Then

Today/Tonight That day/That night

Yesterday The day before/the previous day

The day before yesterday Two days before

Tomorrow The next day/ the following day

The day after tomorrow In two days’ time/two days later

Next week/year The following week/year

Last week/year The previous week/year

last Tuesday the previous Tuesday/the Tuesday before

A year ago A year before/ the previous year

*Qui tắc thay đổi đại từ, tính từ

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

( Reported)

I He/ she

You He/ she/ they

 We They/ you

Me Him/ her

Us Them

My His/ her/ your

Our Their

Your His/ her/ my

+ Nguyên tắc trên được áp dụng cho tất cả các loại câu tường thuật.

* Có 3 loại câu tường thuật cơ bản:

1. Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)

S + say(s)/ said + (that) + S + V

* (says/ say to + O à tells / tell + O) and (said to + O à told + O).

Eg: He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”

à He told me he hadn’t finished his work.

2. Reported questions (Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi).

a. Yes/ No questions:

S + asked/ wanted to know/ wondered + if/ weather + S + V

E.g: ”Are you angry?” he asked à He asked if/ whether I was angry.

(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì, trạng từ chỉ
thời gian, nơi chốn, chủ ngữ, tân ngữ...)

b.Wh - questions:
 S + asked (+O)/ wanted to know/ wondered + Wh– words + S + V.

* says/ say to + O à asks/ ask + O.

said to + O à asked + O.

Eg. ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher.

à The teacher asked us what we were talking about.

3. Reported commands (Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)

* Khẳng định: S + told + O + to- infinitive.

Eg. “Please wait for me here, Mary.” Tom said

à Tom told Mary to wait for him there.

* Phủ định: S + told + O + not to + V(infinitive).

Eg.”Don’t talk in class!” the teacher said to us.

--> The teacher told us not to talk in class.

* Reporting verbs:

- agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse ... + to- infinitive

- advise , ask, encourage, invite, remind, tell, want, warn ... + O + to infinitive.

- admit (thừa nhận), deny (phủ nhận), stop, suggest...+ V-ing.

* Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp:

1. Điều kiện có thật, có thể xảy ra: Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói gián tiếp.

Eg. He said “If I have much money, I’ll travel around the world.”

à He said (that) If he had much money, he would travel around the world.

2. Điều kiện không có thật/ giả sử: Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi.
Eg: “If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”, he said.

à He said If he had two wings, he would fly everywhere.

B. Exercises:

Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.

1. “Don’t repeat this mistake!” the instructor warned the sportsman.

2. “Phone me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.

3. Tom said to the girl “When did you have this picture taken?”

4. She asked her boyfriend “Is it true that your father fought in the last war?”

Exercise 2: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same.

1. “If I were you, I wouldn’t buy this car”.

à He advised..................................................................................................................

2. “Shall I carry your suitcase, Lan?” said Nam.

à Nam offered..............................................................................................................

3. “ Yes, all right. I’ll share the food with you, Dave”.

à Ann agreed...................................................................................................................

4. “ Sue, can you remember to buy some bread? ”.

à Paul reminded...............................................................................................................

5. “ Don’t touch anything in this room”, the man said to the children.

à The man ordered...........................................................................................................

6.” I must go home to make the dinner”, said Mary.

à Mary..............................................................................................................................
7. “ Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?” Tom asked me.

à Tom asked...................................................................................................................

8. “ Have you finished your homework?” Mom asked.

à Mom asked if.............................................................................................................

9.She said to me “ I can’t do it by myself”.

à She told me that..........................................................................................................

10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?” Lan asked.

àLan wanted to know if........................................................................................................

Exercise 3
1 "Don't repeat this mistake again!" the instructor warned the sports¬man.

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2 "Leave your address with the secretary," the assistant said to me.

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3 "Phone to me for an answer tomorrow” the manager said to the client.

...........................................................................................................................................
4 "Don't be so silly," the father said to the kid.

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5 "Give a smile," the photographer said to me.

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6 "Please, help me to make a decision," Ann asked her friend.
............................................................................................................................................
7 "Don't leave these books on the table, put them back on the shelf," the librarian said to the
student.

..........................................................................................................................................
8 "Be a good girl and sit quietly for five minutes," the nurse said to the child.

.............................................................................................................................................
9 "Leave your things here," my companion advised me.

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10 "Don't discuss this question now," said the chairman to the participants.

.......................................................................................................................................…

Exercise 4
1 "Will it be safe to stay in the mountains for the night if the weather doesn't change for the
better?" we asked the guide.

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2 The porter said to me, "I'll wake you up, when the train arrives in Leeds."

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3 My wife said to me: "While you are away, I'll do the packing."

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4 "Don't leave until I phone you," he asked me.

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5 "After he leaves hospital, they'll take him to the South," the doctor said.

..........................................................................................................................................
6 "They'll wait for the fisherman to return until it gets dark", the local man explained to me.

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7 As soon as I hear from him, I'll let you know," my neighbour said to me.
............................................................................................................................................
8 I’ll live in town till my husband returns from the expedition and when he returns, we'll go
to the seaside together," she said.

..........................................................................................................................................
9 The mother said to her son, ."Sit still, please."

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10 John said to his friend, "Come and spend a week with us."

.......................................................................................................................................…

Exercise 6

1. “Shall I help you with the exercises?” he said.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. “Shall we give him a birthday cake?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. “Could I leave early on Friday?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. “Where shall we meet tonight?” she said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. “Will you have a drink?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. “How far is it from here to college?” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. “Do you often have breakfast at 6.30 a.m?” he said
…………………………………………………………………………………………
8. “Don’t swim too far, boys” she said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
9. “Do come in and have a drink” he said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
10. “Remember to wake me up” she said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Rewrite each sentences, using Reported Speech :

1-“It’s a quiet flat, and the neighbors are nice.”

Mrs Celine Deon said.........
2-“The rent includes gas and electricity.”
She told me that.................
3-“I need £ 100 deposit.”
Then she said.....................
4-“I decorated the living room recently.”
She told me that.................
5-“Other people have been to see the flat.”
She said..........................
6-“You’ll have to make up your mind soon.”
She told me.........................
7-“The previous occupants looked after it very well.”
She said that.......................
8-“I’ve replaced all the carpets.”

She told me that................

9-“You can move in immediately.”
She told me ....................
10-“I’ll give you a ring soon.”
I told Mrs Celine Deon that..................

Rewrite each sentences, using Reported Speech :

1- “I will go to China next year.” Minh said.

............................................................................................................................................
2- Lan said, “I like learning English.”
............................................................................................................................................

3- Peter said to me, “I will go to the movies with you.”

............................................................................................................................................

4- Miss Nga said, “I love these sunflowers.”

............................................................................................................................................

5- Tom said to her, “I can’t help to you to do this test.”

............................................................................................................................................

6- They said, “We are doing the exercises now.”

............................................................................................................................................

7- Daisy’s father said to her, “I will give you a new bike.”

............................................................................................................................................

8- They said to him, “It is raining, so we can’t go out for a walk.”

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9- Tom said, “I must leave now.”

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10- She said, “I won’t buy this car because it is very old.”
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