Research questions

1.Why alternative feeds?

-Feed is a major operational cost of most fish farms, accounting to 50%-70% of various cost depending
on its intensity. The rising cost of commercial tilapia feeds had prompted the researchers to opt for
lesser the expenses of fish farmers, it can also help them to become eco-friendly.

2.Is it natural made or home made?

- It is home made because we made our product.

3. What is the difference between home-made and natural made?

- Natural made it occurs naturally without intervention while home-made there is process used by
humans.

4. If your feeds are rich in minerals, vitamins B and E, calcium, protein, carbohydrates. etc. what does
these components do with tilapia?

-minerals is for normal skeletal development, vitamins for normal functioning of tilapia, calcium for
bone development, protein for forming the basic structures of animal cell, muscle and tissue and
carbohydrate is very useful energy source that affects the growth and development of tilapia.

5. How essential were the components on the growth of tilapia?

-the components of the alternative feeds are very essential on the growth of tilapias because it can
sustain their nutritional needs like protein, lipid, carbohydrate, minerals and vitamin.

-the malunggay leaves are rich in vitamins and minerals that help for the normal functioning and
skeletal development. The fish meal is rich in protein that forms the basic structure of animal cell, tissue
and muscle. The shredded coconut is rich in carbohydrate and lipid that provides energy source and
essential fatty acid. The rice bran has a potential substitute of 40-50 percent of ingredients as an energy
and protein source and has an oil content that improves buoyancy.

6. In your experiment, what is IV, DV, CV?

- IV, alternative feeds, shredded coconut.

-DV, growth of tilapia.

-CV, commercialized feeds.

7. What prompted you to combine the moringa, coconut, fish meal, and rice bran?

8. Was there any significant difference between your feeds and commercial?

- Among the different concentrations, we found out significant differences already exist. Since
we compared the different concentrations with that of the commercial feeds, we found out that the
treatment E differs significantly with that of the commercial feeds having a weight gain of 89.5g against
75.3g.

The research experiment shows that the is a significant difference of different concentration of
pulverized moringa oliefera, coconut, fish meal and rice bran is more effective compare to the
commercialized feeds.

Treatment
9.What are the parameters which you’ve considered prior to your investigation?

10.- Equality in size, weight, condition of the experimental sit, feeding mechanism and breed of the
tilapia were the parameters which we’ve considered in our experiment.

Growth

Size

Weight

10. Why moringa? Why coconut? Why fish meal? Why rice bran?

- upon learning the nutritive content of each component and based on some literatures, we the
researchers were curtained that the combinations of moringa, coconut, fish meal, and rice bran can be
a potential substitute for commercial feeds.

Aside from the literatures, the result have shown that treatment E containing the ratio of
(please specify the ratio) have shown significant difference on the weight gain of tilapia against
commercial feeds.

Why moringa?

According to the study of the Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food science 2011, the leaves
of moringa oliefera reveled the presence of high crude protein, carbohydrates, crude fiber, and minerals
that can be a source of food supplement to improve the growth performance and health status of the
tilapia.

Why coconut?

According to Recardo Argana 2019, copra meal is classified as a plant-based protein feed ingredient and
mainly used as source of protein and energy in mixed feed

Why fish meal?

According to Rate Bevit 2019, fish meal is rich in source of nutrients particularly animal protein omega
y-rich fats that helps in brain function as well as growth and development of tilapia.

Why rice bran?

According to the study of Arthur Roberts 2016, rice bran is particularly rich in essential fatty acid,
dietary fiber, vitamin B and E, and trace minerals of Iron, potassium, calcium, chlorine, magnesium, and
manganese.

11. Why too many ratios? Could it be limited to lesser ratios so that your monitoring can become
simpler?

- The different ratio-combination will enable us to determine the best combination that will
fasten the growth of tilapia.

We conducted many ratios to really determine the best concentration and so that the findings can be
more accurate

12. What significant findings have you discovered?

- It was proven that the treatment E is better compared with treatment _ (specify the treatment
assigned for commercial) this findings would only tell us that our experiment is far better than the
commercial feeds as indicated by the weight gain of tilapia.

The findings show that there is an effectiveness of malunggay leaves, coconut, fish meal, and rice bran
as an alternative tilapia feeds to the growth and development of tilapia.
More over, the result shows that treatment E which compose of 35g of rice bran, 25g of fish meal, 25g
of malunggay leaves and 15g of coconut.

13. Have you not tried your experiment with other species of fish? Why or why not?

- We only focused on tilapia sir/ma’am since tilapia is abundant and commonly grown by some
fisher folks in Gattaran sir/ma’am. However, we can add that ma’am/ sir in our recommendation for
future research studies.

We did not tried other specie of fish because we only focus on effectiveness of malunggay leaves,
coconut, fish meal, and rice bran as an alternative tilapia feeds since tilapia farming is very common in
our community because of the availability of ponds and irrigation.

14. What might be the reasons why treatment E was the most effective?

- The nutritive content of the different combinations particularly treatment E has spelled the
difference sir/ma’am.

(If there’s a need to mention again the nutritive facts then do it, just so you can convince your
judges)

Rice bran has the largest amount of ingredient in the said concentration and our claim is supported by
the study presented by Arthur Roberts 2016 that rice bran is a potential substitute of 40-50% ingredient
as energy and protein source. It has also an oil content that improves the buoyancy which keeps the
feed to float during feeding resulting to less wastage.

If there is a less wastage, there is a high possibility that all of the nutritional content that is present in
the alternative tilapia feeds will be eaten by the tilapia tat affects their growth and development.

15. How should your table be presented to have or facilitate better understanding among other
researchers?

- We’ve modified it sir/ma’am already, please allow us to show the changes sir/ma’am.

16. Average gain or mean weight?

- mean weight can be used ma’am/sir because the average will be taken. In like manner the
average gain requires taking the sum of the samples (fish) divided by the total number of sample (trials).
Either mean weight or average gain can be used.

Moringa- protein, vitamin A, amino acid such as methionine, cystine, tryptophan

Rice bran- by-product that act as a binder

Amino acid-used for maintenance, health and synthesis of new structural proteins

-building blocks of proteins

Fatty acid- makes a good potential source of oil for tilapia

Vitamin B-direct impact on the energy levels

Carbohydrates- provides energy level

Vitamin E- antioxidant; it protects body tissue from other damages caused by other substances

Iron-for blood production

Fiber- keep the digestive system healthy

Crude protein- involve function, oxygen transport and maintaining muscle tissue
Magnesium- supports immune system

How long it will float?

The ingredients of the feeds are light in nature and well dried. Thereby,it will float longer. And we use
semi intensive which means it has a less frequent feeding than the intensive so it will not long for an
hour for the tilapia to eat the feeds.

How long it will last your feeds?

Based on our observation, our feed will last for 2-3weeks compare to the commercial one that can lost
for 2 months because of using preservatives. But we will put in our recommendation to make the
alternative feed longer for further studies.

Why did you choose tilapia?

Tilapia are good culture species because it could supply cheap but high quality animal protein in
developing countries.

And culturing tilapia is very common in our community because of the availability of ponds, raceways
and irrigation.

But feed is the major operational cost for most fish farms.

How did you conduct the study?

We use six treatments and each treatment receives different concentration. The components of the
concentrations are the malunggay leaves, rice bran, coconut and fish meal.

The result shows that the treatment E which contains of 35g rice bran, 25g fish meal, 25g malunggay
leaves and 15g coconut is the best concentration among all of the concentrations. The rice bran has the
largest amount in the said concentration and our claim was supported by the study presented by Arthur
Roberts that rice bran is very useful energy source and has an oil content that improves buoyancy which
means it keeps the feeds float during feeding resulting to less wastage.