CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SIWES

Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a curricular provision of

the University of Nigeria, where students of most technology-based courses are

given the privilege to work with a company, industry, firm, or Ministry, that is

related to their professions, in order to get acquainted with the Methodology,

Instrumentation, Procedures, and mode of Processing acquired data and also to get

them prepared for the life after School.

1.2 AIM OF SIWES

Provide an avenue for student in institution of higher institution of higher learn

acquire industrial skill and experience in their approved course of student.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

 Prepare student for industrial work situation which they are likely in came by works

method and techniques in handling equipment and machinery not available there by

bridging the gap between theories and practical.

 Enlist and strengthen employee’s involvement in the entire educational process and

prepare student for employment in industry.

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1.4 INTRODUCTION TO FASHION DESIGN

Fashion designing is art of creating clothing designs. To create effective designs a

fashion designer should have ability to use fashion designing tools in the right way.

There are lots of tools that can be used to make drafting, pattern making, sewing and

crafting process easy and impressive. These fashion designing tools can help to

minimize mistakes, cut down the development time for creation of new designs and

make the perfect designs. There are some most usable fashion design tools as defined

here that should be in your toolkit to become successful fashion designer.

1.5 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF JEGSPLUS ENTERPRISE

JEGSPLUS is a Fashion Design and Training outfit involved in both men and women

clothings targeting Nigeria and international market.

We are into designing of fabrics with unique designs with the aim of making our

clients look exceptionally unique at every function they go to. We also sell Ready-to-

Wear (RTW) designer and casual/contemporary apparel & accessories for men and

women. Other branded wears, dresses, shoes, hand bags, wrist-watches and other

accessories are also available for high class society ladies and gents.

The benefits of their products and services are;

 Uniqueness of our styles and a new look
 Prompt delivery services and quality design
 Customer Care
 Online ordering for both training and production
 Home delivery services

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 FASHION DESIGN TOOLS

PAIR OF SCISSORS

A Fashion Designer should have a pair of scissors to make the cutting process easy.

CARD SCISSOR

Card Scissor: The card scissor is used to cut the cardboard design, to make sewing
phase easier.

TAILOR'S CHALK

Tailor's Calk: This is a chalk like material used to mark alteration points on fabric in
dressmaking and tailoring. The marks can be easily washed off when no longer
needed.

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 TAPE MEASURE

Tape measure is also known as measuring tape and used to measure distance. It is a
common measuring tool, flexible ruler which consists of a ribbon of cloth, metal strip,
plastic or fiber glass with linear measurement markings.

DRESS MAKER DUMMY

Dress maker dummy is a three dimensional model which is used to fit clothes on the
dress form to judge how garment will look like when it will appear on the body.

PEARL HEAD PINS

>

Pearl headed pins are perfect for hard sewing, easy to handle, pick, stick. A magnetic
pin holder can be used to manage and make the handling of these pins easier.

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 2H, 4H, 3H 0.5 MM & 0.3 MM LEAD PENCILS

Different types of pencils like 2H, 3H, 4H or size 0.5 mm or 0.3 mm are used for
drafting and creating patterns. 0.3 mm lead pencils are used for accuracy or precision
whereas 0.5 mm colored lead pencils are used to increase visibility on the screen.

PATTERN MAKER

Pattern maker is a person who makes patterns, creates plans or diagrams used as a
guide in sewing, weaving and clothing manufacturing.

COTTON STAY TAPE

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Stay tape is similar to bias tape. It is mainly suitable for lightweight and delicate
fabrics including knits. Some common uses include stabilizing shoulder seams on knit
garments, creating roll lines of lapels on lighter weight fabrics, preventing necklines
from stretching out of shape.

SEWING PINS

As a profession fashion designer or sewer you need some sewing needles in various
sizes which can be easily changed depends upon the weight of the fabrics that you use.

CUTTING MATS

Cutting mats are made of thin, flexible and soft materials. It is ideal for covering a
workspace and protecting it from cuts, scratches, knicks and allows an architect or
designer to use rotary cutters and straight knives without risk to the surface
underneath.
SEWING MACHINE

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A fashion designer can't be complete without sewing machine as it is the important
fashion designing tool used for finishing work. Usually fashion designers use
industrial sewing machine.

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 SUMMARY OF THE WORKDONE DURING THE SIWES

3.1 MEASUREMENTS

Measurements are the basis of making clothing, particularly because you have to

actually measure things to ensure that they will fit you correctly.

3.1.2 TAKING BODY MEASUREMENTS

Taking accurate body measurements is one of the keys to great fit.  Whether you

choose to make your pattern block from a commercial fitting pattern or draft it from

measurements, having accurate measurements is critical to the success of your block. 

All we need is a tape measure while it's easiest to have someone else take your

measurements, it can be done by yourself. 

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A - Bust - Measure the bust at the fullest part. Measure all around the body (total

circumference).

B - Waist - Measure the waist where the body bends.  It helps to bend side to side to identify

exactly where to measure.  You can put an elastic band around the waist to mark the correct

placement.

C - Hip - Measure the hips at the fullest part, usually around the seat.

D - High Hip - Measure around the fullest part, about 3 - 4" below the waist. This is helpful

when fitting a slim skirt or pants (to get an accurate idea of the shape of the hip, or the belly).

E - Front Waist Length - Start at the shoulder (right next to the base of the neck), and

measure to the waist, measuring over the fullest part of the bust.

F - Back Waist Length - Measure from the base of the neck (in the center, not the side), to

the center of the waistline.

G - Arm Length - Measure from the top of the arm (find the bone at the shoulder/top of arm)

to the wrist (find the bone at the side of the wrist), WITH THE ELBOW BENT.  It's

important to keep the elbow bent to allow for movement when you make a sleeve.

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3.2 GOWN MAKING
Step 1: Cut out the pattern piece for the back
You need to take body measurements – bust round, shoulder tip to shoulder tip.
Decide on the length of the dress you want, preferably under the knee.
Cut out 2 pieces of fabric – 40 inches (or the length you want for the dress) long of a
44-inch wide fabric.
The below given is the markings for the back piece. Fold one of the fabric pieces by
the center. Keep the center fold to your left and mark as in the following diagrams.

Step 2: Front piece

Mark the front piece as per the pattern given below but do not cut out immediately
Step 3: Make the facing for the neckline

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Take an interfacing fabric (paper thin) which is 15 inch wide and 10 inch long. Fold it
by the center and keep the fold towards the left of you. Mark the neckline
measurements on this as in the picture below.

Step 4: Stitch facing to neckline

Keep the facing on the front neckline, rightsides together. Align the center of this
facing with the center fold line of your front pattern.

Step 5: Finish the back neckline

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Step 6: Join the front and back pieces at the shoulders

Step 7: Bind the armholes

Bind the armholes with more bias tapes. For armholes, you will need longer bias strips

Step 8: Sew the side seams together

You will now have the a-line dress almost ready with just the hem to finish.
Step 9: Sew the hem
When there is a curved shape my favorite way to hem is a baby hem. Simply turn
under the edge 1/4 inch, finger press and stitch 1/8 inch away from the folded edge.

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3.3 PLEATS MAKING

Pleats are classic, there is no two way about it. They look extremely feminine and
enticing. I think pleats make the perfect embellishment for girls’ clothing.
Pleats are basically folds formed in fabric, usually as a means of gathering a wide
piece of fabric to fit another one of narrower proportions. They are different from
gathering in that the folds in pleats are wider, and they are formed and pinned in place
before sewing.
There are many types of pleats but the types given below are the most popular and
commonly used pleats.
• Knife pleats (Flat Pleats)
• Box pleats
• Inverted pleats
• Kick pleats
• Fancy Pleats
• Sari pleats

Knife pleats (Flat Pleats)

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These are firmly pressed hand made pleats, which are all facing one direction. They
are the most used pleats and are mostly seen all around the waistband of skirts. Here
the pleats have one side (usually over pleat) longer than the other (Under pleat). The
under pleat will usually be half of the width of over pleat and this way the whole thing
will lie flat.

Accordion Pleats

These are machine made knife pleats. The pleats formed by the machine remain
permanent even after washing and ironing.

Graduated Pleats

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Graduated pleats are flared knife pleats – the width of each pleat increases as it goes
down, resulting in a flare.

Box pleats

Box pleats are basically knife pleats formed towards opposite directions. They can
also be formed one on top of the other (stacked) forming double box pleats.These
pleats are full length pleats which are rectangular in shape.

Inverted pleats

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These pleats are formed by placing two knife pleats facing each other. You can also
call it a box pleat inside out.
Kiss pleats

These are inverted pleats joined along the fold edges a short distance from the top. In
skirts the kick pleats are joined till the hips.
STEPS TO MAKE PLEAT

 Always mark the pleats and sew. The pleat lines should be marked with chalk

at the fold and center mark. You can draw 1 inch mark for this.

 Pin all the pleats – Use plenty of pins to pin the pleats together. Use the pins

vertically. If there are two folds together as in an inverted pleat, use one each

on either side o the folds.

 Press the pleats in place after pinning. Pressing will keep them in place and you

will be able to sew neater pleats because of the crispier folds you get after

pressing with a steam iron

 Basting is an optional step which you should do if you feel even a small doubt

that you will bungle when sewing. Basting stitches can be easily removed ( use

a stitch length of 4-5) and saves you lots of time you will be spending

removing the stitches if somehow the pleats shifted despite of the pins. The

basting stitches should be done 1/4 inch from the fabric edge.

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3.4 SKIRT SEWING

In a skirt usually, the opening is kept on the side seams, though center back openings

are also common. Center font openings are also used, though rarely

Hems

The hem is usually a turned under edge – a 2 1/2 inch extra is added to the bottom

edge for this turned under hem

Pockets

Side seam pockets are the most commonly used pockets for skirts. Patch pockets are

also used

Waistbands

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Usually, a waistband of 1 1/2 to 2 inches is given to skirts. The width will be the waist

round (measure around where you will tie the skirt without any belt) plus 1 inch extra.

If there is an extension for a stud or buckle add 1/2 inch extra

Trims

You can add frills, lace, ribbon etc as trims to give an extra edge. You can add a sash

and then tie a bow in the front side for a cute look.

Straight skirt

Skirts are one of the easiest of all clothes you can make out of that a straight skirt is

the easiest.

Measurements you need to make a pattern for a simple straight skirt block

 Waist round (Where you mean to tie the skirt)

 Hip round (widest part of hip)

 Measure distance from waist to hips (Mostly this is 7 inches; better measure on

your own body.

 Length of the skirt from waist

You can make simple straight skirt with a zipper opening from these measurements .

This skirt is better made below knee if you are making it over the knee you may need

slits for walking ease as in the case of the pencil skirt

FRONT SKIRT BLOCK

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BACK SKIRT BLOCK

Add your waistband . A straight waistband with buckle or faced one will work

A-line skirt

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This skirt has the shape of alphabet A, tight at the waist and hips and flared at the

hem. This classic skirt is a favourite of all those who wear skirts as it is flattering to

most body shapes

How to make an A-line skirt pattern

 Cut a Front Pattern for A-line skirt

 Cut a Back pattern for an A-line skirt

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  Darts in the back pattern

How to make pattern for A-line skirt

 Divide C-D into 3 equal parts and mark M & L as dart points

 Dart width – 1 inch each dart ; ie mark 1/2 inch on either side of the darts.

 Dart length – 4 inches; join the dart line

 For side opening mark 1/6th of waist from F ; For zipper opening – 7.5 inches
Either draft a waist band or make facings with the same pattern copying the pattern for

front and back patterns to a width of 3 -4 inches.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 CONCLUSION

The four month practical work experience without mincing words is exhaustive. The

acquisition of knowledge relevant to student course of study has broaden his horizon

and provided the much needed job experience for course that demand exposure to

industrial skills.

Conclusively, the program also enlighten me to know more about geotechnical

engineering tests toward the conveniences of the nation and as such prepared me on

how to handle such an issue when it arises.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION

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I recommend that SIWES should provide places of industrial attachment for student,

industrial training fund should be paid to student and the company should provide

more safety equipment

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