VASQUEZ, ELOIZA UNICE B.

FIRST YEAR BS PHYSICAL THERAPY

UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES

OINA
 MUSCLE OF THE SHOULDER

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Anterior fibers – F,
✓ Clavicle Deltoid tuberosity of IR of the arm
✓ Acromion the humerus Axillary nerve
DELTOID ✓ Spine of the ➢ Middle fibers –
scapula ABd of the arm
beyond 15°

➢ Posterior fibers –
E, ER of the arm

SITS MUSCLES
ACTION
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY
➢ Prime mover
for the initiation
of arm
SUPRASPINATUS Supraspinous fossa Greater tubercle of Suprascapular abduction
of the scapula the humerus nerve
➢ Stabilizes the
humeral head
into the
glenoid fossa
of the scapula
 SITS MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Prime mover
for shoulder ER
Infraspinous fossa of Greater tubercle of Suprascapular ➢ Also stabilizes
INFRASPINATUS MS. the scapula the humerus nerve the humeral
head into the
glenoid cavity
of the scapula

SITS MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Prime mover
for shoulder ER
➢ Also stabilizes
TERES MINOR MS Lateral border of the Greater tubercle of the humeral
scapula the humerus Axillary nerve head into the
glenoid cavity
of the scapula
➢ Adducts the
arm from the
abducted
position
 SITS MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Prime mover
SUBSCAPULARIS MS for shoulder ER
Infraspinous fossa of Greater tubercle of Suprascapular ➢ Also stabilizes
the scapula the humerus nerve the humeral
head into the
glenoid cavity
of the scapula

SITS MUSCLES
ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION
MUSCLE ➢ EXTENSION,
ADDUCTION,
Medial lip of the AND INTERNAL
Inferior angle of the intertubercular Lower subscapular ROTATION
TERES MAJOR MS scapula groove of the nerve ➢ Contributes to
humerus the stabilization
of
the shoulder
joints
 MUSCLE OF THE ARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Strongest and
the chief flexor
➢ Coronoid ➢ Musculocutaneous of the forearm
BRACHIALIS MS Distal half of process of the nerve at the elbow
anterior surface of ulna joint (workhorse
the humerus ➢ Ulnar tuberosity ➢ Radial nerve of the elbow)
➢ only pure flexor
of the elbow
joint
➢ does not
participate in
pronation and
supination of
the FA
MUSCLE OF THE ARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ ADDUCTION
Musculocutaneous AND FLEXION
CORACOBRACHIALIS Coracoid process Medial aspect of nerve OF SHOULDER
MS. of the scapula shaft of humerus JOINT
➢ ACT
ANTAGONIST
TO DELTOID MS
 MUSCLE OF THE ARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Long Head –
Supraglenoid ➢ Radial ➢ Powerful flexor
tubercle of tuberosity Musculocutaneous of the elbow
BICEPS BRACHII MS the scapula nerve joint
➢ Deep fascia of
➢ Short Head – the forearm ➢ Chief
Apex of the (bicipital supinator of
coracoid aponeurosis) the forearm
process of the
scapula

MUSCLE OF THE ARM (POSTERIOR)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Elbow joint:
• Long Head extends the FA
infraglenoid
TRICEPS BRACHII MS tubercle of the Olecranon of the Radial Nerve ➢ shoulder joint
scapula ulna extends and
• Lateral Head - ADDuction of
superior to the the arm (long
radial groove head), stability
of the shoulder
joint
 • Medial Head –
inferior to the
radial groove

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Pronation of the
• Humeral Head – forearm
medial
PRONATOR TERES MS. epicondyle of Lateral aspect of Median Nerve
the the shaft of the ➢ Flexion of the
humerus humerus forearm
• Ulnar Head –
medial border of
the coronoid
process of the
ulna
 MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Pronation of the
Medial forearm
epicondyle of Lateral aspect of
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS the humerus the shaft of the Median Nerve
(FCR) MS humerus ➢ Flexion of the
forearm

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Medial epicondyle Flexor retinaculum Median nerve Flex the hand at the
PALMARIS LONGUS of the humerus and palmar wrist joint
aponeurosis
 MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Humeral head –
medial Flexor retinaculum Flex the hand at the
epicondyle of and palmar Median nerve wrist joint
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS the humerus aponeurosis

➢ Ulnar head –
medial aspect of
the olecranon
process and
posterior border
of the ulna

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Anterior surface of Base of the distal Anterior Interosseous Flex the distal
the shaft of radius. phalanx of the nerve (AIN) branch of phalanx of the
FLEXOR POLLICIS Interosseous thumb the median nerve thumb
LONGUS (FPL) membrane
 MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Proximal half of the ➢ Flex the distal
anterior surface of Base of the 2nd–5th ➢ Medial half (ring phalanx of 2nd-5th
FLEXOR DIGITORUM ulna distal phalanges and pinky): Ulnar phalanges
PROFUNDUS (FDP) Interosseous nerve ➢ Assists in flexion of
membrane ➢ Lateral half (index the middle and
and middle): AIN proximal
phalanges
➢ Assists in wrist
flexion

MUSCLE OF THE FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

PRONATOR QUADRATUS Distal anterior Distal anterior Anterior Pronates the

surface of the shaft surface of the shaft Interosseous nerve forearm
of ulna of radius (AIN)
 MUSCLE OF THE LATERAL FOREARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral
BRACHIORADIALIS supracondylar Ulnar styloid Radial Nerve Flexion of the
ridge of the forearm
humerus.
Lateral
intramuscular
septum

MUSCLE OF THE LATERAL FOREARM

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral
EXTENSOR CARPI supracondylar Posterior surface of Radial nerve Extends and
RADIALIS LONGUS (ECRL) ridge of the the base of the 2nd abducts (RD) the
humerus. metacarpal hand the wrist
Lateral joint
intramuscular
septum
 MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR CARPI Extends and

RADIALIS BREVIS (ECRB) Lateral epicondyle Posterior surface of Posterior abducts (RD) the
of the humerus the base of the 3rd Interosseous nerve hand the wrist
metacarpal (PIN) joint

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM Lateral epicondyle Dorsal surface of Posterior Extends the 2nd-5th
(ED) of the humerus the 2nd-5th Interosseous nerve phalanges at the
phalanges (PIN) MCP and IP joints
(extensor
expansion)
 MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI Lateral epicondyle Extensor expansion Posterior Extends the MCP
(EDM) of the humerus of the 5th phalanx Interosseous nerve joint of the little
(PIN) finger

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR CARPI Lateral epicondyle Posterior surface of Posterior Extends and

ULNARIS of the humerus the base of the 5th Interosseous nerve adducts the hand
metacarpal (PIN) the wrist joint
 MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (SUPERFICIAL LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

ANCONEUS MUSCLE Lateral epicondyle Lateral surface of Radial Nerve ➢ Assist in FA

of the humerus the olecranon extension at the
elbow joint
➢ Stabilizes the
elbow joint

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral epicondyle
of humerus Lateral, posterior, PIN Assists the biceps in
SUPINATOR and anterior supination of the
Radial collateral surfaces of proximal forearm
ligament third of radius

Annular ligament

Supinator crest of
ulna
 MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Thumb
EXTENSOR POLLICIS Posterior surface of Posterior aspect of extension
LONGUS (EPL) the middle 3rd of the base of distal PIN ➢ Extension of
ulna phalanx of thumb the hand (weak)
Interosseous
membrane

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Posterior ➢ Thumb
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS surface of the abduction and
LONGUS (APL) proximal half Base of the 1st PIN extension
of radius metacarpal
➢ Ulna Trapezium ➢ Extension of the
➢ Interosseous hand at the wrist
membrane joint
 MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR POLLICIS Posterior surface of Posterior aspect of

BREVIS (EPB) the distal 3rd of ulna the base of PIN Thumb
Interosseous proximal phalanx of extension
membrane thumb

MUSCLE OF THE POSTERIOR FOREARM (DEEP LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Extension of the
EXTENSOR INDICIS (EI) Posterior surface of Extensor expansion index finger
the distal 3rd of ulna of 2nd phalanx PIN ➢ Extension of the
Interosseous (index) hand (weak)
membrane
 MUSCLE OF THE HAND (METACARPAL MUSCLE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1stand 2nd DI: radial
sides of the (lateral) base of ➢ Abduction of the
metacarpal bones proximal phalanx/ fingers away
DORSAL INTEROSSEI extension Deep branch of from the 3rd
expansion of 2 & 3 ulnar nerve finger
3rd and 4th DI: Ulnar ➢ MCP joint: flexion
(medial) base of ➢ IP joint: extension
the proximal
phalanx/ extensor
expansion of 3 & 4
 MUSCLE OF THE HAND (METACARPAL MUSCLE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1st PI: medial side of ➢ Adduction of the
➢ 1st PI: medial side the base of fingers towards
of the base of proximal phalanx of from the 3rd
PALMAR INTEROSSEI the proximal the thumb Deep branch of finger
phalanx of the 2 PI: medial side
nd ulnar nerve
1 metacarpal
st of the base of the ➢ MCP joint: flexion
proximal phalanx of
➢ 2 -4 PI: anterior
nd th the index
surface of the 3 and 4th PI: lateral
rd ➢ IP joint: extension
2nd, 4th, and 5th side of the base of
metacarpal the proximal
phalanx of ring and
pinky, respectively

MUSCLE OF THE HAND (METACARPAL MUSCLE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ 2-5 MCP: Finger
flexion
Lumbricals 1 & 2:
LUMBRICALS Tendons of FDP Extensor expansion Median nerve ➢ 2-5 IP: Finger
(2nd-5th) extension
Lumbricals 3 & 4:
Ulnar nerve
 THENAR MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse head:
ADDUCTOR POLLICIS Palmar base of 3rd Medial side of the
metacarpal base of the Deep branch of Thumb Adduction
proximal phalanx of ulnar nerve
Oblique head: the thumb
Capitate, palmar
base of 2nd –
3rd metacarpal

THENAR MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse head:
FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS Palmar base of 3rd Lateral aspect of Superficial head:
(FPB) metacarpal the base of the 1st Median nerve Thumb Flexion
proximal phalanx
Oblique head: Deep head: Ulnar
Capitate, palmar nerve
base of 2nd –
3rd metacarpal
 THENAR MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Tubercles of
ABDUCTOR POLLICIS scaphoid and Lateral aspect of
BREVIS (APB) trapezium bones, the base of the 1st Median nerve Thumb opposition
Flexor retinaculum proximal phalanx

HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Tightens grip
Palmar aponeurosis
PALMARIS BREVIS Dermis skin of ➢ Makes the
Flexor retinaculum hypothenar region Ulnar nerve hypothenar
eminence
prominent and
more wrinkly
 PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Medial side of ➢ Abduction and

ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI Calcaneus base of the Medial Plantar Flexion of the big
proximal phalanx Nerve toe
of the 1

HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Hook of Flexion of the 5th

FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI hamate Medial side of the Ulnar nerve phalanx at the MCP
base of 5th proximal
➢ Flexor phalanx
retinaculum
 HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Hook of hamate ➢ Opposition of the

OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI Ulnar aspect of 5th Ulnar nerve 5th phalanx
➢ Flexor metacarpal ➢ Assists the FDM in
retinaculum flexion of the 5th
MCP

MUSCLE OF THE SCALP

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

FRONTALIS: Skin of ➢ Wrinkles the

Occipitofrontalis eyebrow, muscle of Epicardial Facial nerve forehead
forehead Aponeurosis
➢ Retracts the
OCCIPITALIS: scalp
NUCHEAL LINE
 MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Nasal part of the ➢ Orbital part:

Orbicularis Oculi nose tightly closes the
eyelids, such as in
Frontal process of Skin of orbital region WINKING or
maxilla SQUINTING
Facial nerve ➢ Palpebral part:
Medial part of gently closes the
palpebral eyelids, as in
BLINKING or SLEEP
Lacrimal bone ➢ When combined:
CLOSES the eyes
firmly

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Draws the
Corrugator Supercilii eyebrows
Superciliary arch Skin above middle Temporal branches together
supraorbital margin of Facial nerve produces the
vertical wrinkling
of the forehead
as in FROWNING
 MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse part Transverse part ➢ Transverse part:

Nasalis (Compressor Naris): (Compressor Naris): wrinkles skin over
Maxilla counterpart of Buccal branch of the dorsum of
dorsum of the nose Facial nerve nose, as in
Alar Part (Dilator expressing
Naris): Frontal Alar Part (Dilator DISDAIN or
process of maxilla Naris): skin of alar DISLIKE
➢ Alar Part: dilates
the nostrils, i.e.,
“flaring nostrils”,
as in during
ANGER or
EXERTION

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Wrinkles skin of
Procerus Nasal bone Skin between Temporal branches the nose
eyebrows of Facial nerve
 MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Compresses the
Outer surface of cheeks and lips
Buccinator alveolar margin of against the molar
maxilla, mandible Modiolus, blends Buccal branch of teeth
and with muscles of Facial nerve ➢ Prevents the
pterygomandibular upper lip cheeks from
ligament being bitten
during
mastication
(chewing)
➢ Resist cheek
expansion when
BLOWING

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Elevates the
angle/s of the
Zygomaticus Major Lateral aspect of Modiolus, blends Buccal and mouth super
zygomatic bone with muscles of zygomatic branch laterally
upper lip of Facial nerve ➢ Bilateral action:
SMILING WITH
TEETH
 ➢ Unilateral action:
SNEERING

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Elevates the
upper lip
Zygomaticus Minor lower surface of the ➢ Deepens the
zygomatic bone lateral part of the buccal branch of nasolabial sulcus
upper lip the facial nerve ➢ Bilateral action:
SMILING WITH
TEETH
➢ Unilateral action:
SNEERING
 MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Pulls the angle of
the mouth
Risorius ➢ Partoid fascia Modiolus Buccal branch of laterally
Facial nerve ➢ It helps other
➢ Zygomatic facial muscles in
bone producing facial
➢ Buccal skin expressions such
as FROWNING,
SMILING WITHOUT
THE TEETH,
SMIRKING, and
GRINNING

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Compresses and
protrudes the lips
Orbicularis Oris Maxilla, mandible, Encircles oral orifice Buccal branch of and closes the
and skin the facial nerve mouth, such as in
KISSING
➢ With the
buccinator and
tongue =
prevents the
food from
 escaping the
teeth during
mastication
➢ Also, an
important muscle
of articulation
(speech

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Rectracts
Depressor Labii Inferioris Oblique line of Skin and Mandibular branch (depresses) and
mandible submucosa of lower of Facial nerve evert the lower
lip lip
➢ As in SADNESS
 MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Zygomatic ➢ Assist is opening

Levator Labii Superioris process of Buccal and the mouth
mandible Upper lip zygomatic branch ➢ Retracts
(elevates) and
of the facial nerve
➢ Maxillary process evert the upper
of zygomatic lip, as in
bone expressing
SMUGNES

MUSCLE OF THE FACE

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Depresses the
Depressor Anguli Oris ➢ Mental angle of the
tubercle Modiolus Buccal and mouth and pulls it
mandibular branch slightly lateral
➢ Oblique line of of Facial nerve ➢ It facilitates
mandible expressing
SADNESS and
assists in opening
the mouth
 MUSCLE OF THE Neck

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Depresses the
Platysma Deep fascia mandible
over Body of mandible Facial nerve ➢ Tenses the skin of
pectoralis and angle of mouth cervical branch inferior face and
major and neck such as in
deltoid expressing
TENSION and
STRESS

MUSCLE OF THE NECK

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

➢ Extend head and

Sternocleidomastoid Manubrium sterni Mastoid process of Spinal part of flex neck
and medial third of temporal and accessory nerve C2 ➢ One muscle
clavicle occipital bone and C3 rotates head to
opposite side
 MUSCLE OF THE NECK

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Inferior belly: Upper Depresses the hyoid

Omohyoid margin of scapula Intermediate bone
and suprascapular tendon is held to C1, C2 AND C3
ligament clavicle and first rib
by fascial sling
Superior belly:
Lower body of
hyoid bone

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SCALENE MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse
Scalene anterior processes of 3rd, 4th, Elevates the first rib;
5th, 6th cervical First rib C4, C5 and C6 flexes and rotates
vertebrae cervical part of
vertebrae column
 MUSCLE OF THE NECK

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Elevates the first rib;

Scalene medius Transverse First rib Anterior rami of flexes and rotates
processes of upper cervical nerves cervical part of
six cervical vertebrae column
vertebrae

MUSCLE OF THE NECK

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Elevates the second

Scalene posterior Transverse Second rib Anterior rami of rib; flexes and
processes of lower cervical nerves rotates cervical part
six cervical of vertebrae
vertebrae column
 MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Elevates hyoid, floor

Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of Mylohyoid raphe Nerve to mylohyoid of mouth and
mandible and body of hyoid (from mandibular tongue during
nerve) swallowing and
speaking

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Pulls hyoid, shortens

Geniohyoid Inferior mental Body of hyoid C1, hypoglossal floor of mouth,
spine of mandible nerve widens pharynx
 MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Elevates and
Stylohyoid Styloid process of Body of hyoid Stylohyoid branch retracts hyoid,
temporal bone of facial nerve elongating floor of
mouth

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Anterior belly: Anterior belly: Working with

Digastric Digastric fossa of Intermediate Inferior alveolar infrahyoid muscles:
mandible tendon to body nerve Depresses mandible
and greater horn of against resistance
Posterior belly: hyoid Posterior belly:
Mastoid notch Digastric branch of
temporal bone facial nerve
 MUSCLE OF THE NECK (INFRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Manubrium of C1 to C3 branch of Depresses hyoid

Sternohyoid sternum and Body of hyoid ansa cervicalis after elevation
medial end of
clavicle

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (INFRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Superior border of C1 to C3 branch of Depresses retracts

Omohyoid scapula near Inferior border of ansa cervicalis and steady’s hyoid
suprascapular hyoid
notch
 MUSCLE OF THE NECK (INFRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Posterior surface of C2 and C3 by a Depresses hyoid

Sternothyroid manubrium of Oblique line of branch of ansa and larynx
sternum thyroid cartilage cervicalis

MUSCLE OF THE NECK (INFRAHYOID MUSCLES)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Oblique line of C1 hypoglossal Depresses hyoid

Thyrohyroid thyroid cartilage Oblique line of nerve and elevates larynx
thyroid cartilage
 MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (DEEPEST)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Spinous processes Inferior surfaces of Posterior rami of Extension and

Interspinales of cervical and spinous processes spinal nerves rotation of vertebral
lumbar vertebrae of vertebra superior column
to vertebra of
proximal
attachment

MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (DEEPEST)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Transverse Transverse Posterior rami of Lateral flexion of

Intertransversarii processes of processes of spinal nerves vertebral column;
cervical and adjacent vertebrae acting bilaterally;
lumbar vertebrae stabilize vertebral
column
 MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (DEEP)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

TRANSVERSOSPINALIS Transverse process Spinous process Extension

more superior
Semispinalis vertebrae
Transverse Posterior rami of Extends head and
processes C4 to T12 Thoracis cervicis spinal nerves thoracic and
vertebrae cervical region of
Multifidus vertebral column

Posterior sacrum Thickest in lumbar Stabilizes vertebrae

Rotatores region during local
movements

Transverse process Fibers pass

of vertebrae superomedially to Stabilizes vertebrae
attatch to junction and assist local
of lamina and extension and
transverse process rotatory movements
 MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (INTERMEDIATE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Broad tendon from

ERECTOR SPINAE posterior part of Acting bilaterally:
iliac crest, posterior Extend vertebral
sacrum, sarco- column and head is
illliac ligaments Posterior rami of flexed
spinal nerves

Fibers run superiorly

Illiocostalis to angles of lower
ribs and cervical
transverse Acting unilaterally:
processes Laterally flex
vertebral column

Superiorly to ribs
Longissimus between tubercles
and angles to
transverse process
Spinalis
Fibers run superiorly
to spinous
processes in the
upper thoracic
region to cranium
 MUSCLE OF THE INTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Fiber run super Posterior rami of Acting alone:

Splenius Cavitis Nuchal ligament laterally to mastoid spinal nerves Laterally flex neck
and spinous process of temporal and rotate head to
processes of C7 to bone and lateral side of active
T6 vertebrae third of superior muscles
nuchal line of
occipital bone

Tubercles of
Splenius Cervicis Nuchal ligament transverse Acting together:
and spinous processes of C1- C3 Extend head and
processes of C7 to or C4 vertebrae neck
T6 vertebrae
 MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

S: external occipital S: clavicle Accessory spinal S: elevates scapula

Trapezius protuberance nerve (CN XI)
M: acromion M: retracts the
M: T1-T4 spinous process scapula
processes
I: spine of the I: depress the
I: T5-T12 spinous scapula scapula
processes

MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Raise the medial

Levator Scapulae Transverse Dorsal scapular border of the
processes of C1-C4 Medial border of nerve scapula
the scapula
 MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Major: spinous ➢ Retracts the

Rhomboids process of T2-T5 Dorsal scapular scapula and
Medial border of nerve downward
Minor: spinous the scapula
process of C7-T1 ➢ Rotation of the
scapula

MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (SUPERFICIAL)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Spinous processes ➢ Extends, adducts,

Latissumus Dorsi of T6-L5, crest of the Intertubercular Thoracodorsal and medially
sacrum and iliac groove of the nerve rotates the arm
crest humerus
➢ Raising of the
trunk above the
arm (pull-ups)
 MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (INTERMEDIATE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

SERRATUS POSTERIOR Elevates ribs; assists

SUPERIOR in forced inspiration
Spinous processes Posterior aspect of Anterior rami of the (inhale)
ribs 2-5 spinal nerve

MUSCLE OF THE EXTRINSIC BACK (INTERMEDIATE)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Depresses ribs;
SERRATUS POSTERIOR assists in forced
INFERIOR Spinous processes Posterior aspect of Anterior rami of the expiration (exhale)
of T11-L2 ribs 9-12 spinal nerve
 ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (ILIOPSOAS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

ILIACUS Iliac fossa Lesser trochanter Femoral Nerve Flex and laterally
rotates the thigh at
the hip joint

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (ILIOPSOAS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

PSOAS MAJOR Sides of T12–L5 Lesser trochanter L1 and L2 lumbar Flex and laterally
vertebrae and IV spinal nerves rotates the thigh at
disc the hip joint
 ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

PSOAS MINOR Iliac fossa Lesser trochanter Femoral Nerve Flex the thigh at the
hip joint

ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS Margins of Trochanteric crest Obturator Nerve Laterally rotates the
obturator foramen thigh at the hip joint
 POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

GEMELLUS SUPERIOR Ischial spine Greater trochanter Nerve to Obturator • When the hip is
Internus extended: Lateral
rotation of the thigh
• When the hip is
flexed: Abduction
of the thigh

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• When the hip is

GEMELLUS INFERIOR Ischial tuberosity Greater trochanter Nerve to Obturator extended: Lateral
Internus rotation of the thigh
• When the hip is
flexed: Abduction
of the thigh
 POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

QUADRATUS FEMORIS Ischial tuberosity Intertrochanteric Nerve to Obturator Lateral rotation of

crest Internus the thigh at the hip
joint

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• When the hip is

OBTURATOR INTERNUS Margin or obturator Greater trochanter Nerve to Obturator extended: Lateral
foramen Internus rotation of the thigh
• When the hip is
flexed: Abduction
of the thigh
 POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Abduction and
GLUTEUS MINIMUS Between anterior Greater trochanter Superior Gluteal medial rotation of
and posterior Nerve the thigh
gluteal line of the
ischium

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

GLUTEUS MEDIUS Between anterior Greater trochanter Superior Gluteal • Abduction and
and posterior Nerve medial rotation of
gluteal line of the the thigh
ischium
 POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS Posterior gluteal line Gluteal tuberosity Inferior Gluteal • Extends thigh
of the ischium; of the femur; Nerve (especially from
dorsal surface of iliotibial tract flexed position)
sacrum and • Assists in lateral
coccyx; Sacro rotation of the thigh
tuberous ligament

POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE HIP (BUTTOCKS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Abduction,
TENSOR FASCIA LATAE ASIS ITB Superior Gluteal Flexion, and medial
Nerve rotation of the thigh
 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• HIP JOINT:
SARTORIUS Anterior Superior Tibia (upper medial Femoral Nerve Abduction and
Iliac Spine (ASIS) surface) Lateral (External)
Rotation of the
thigh
• KNEE JOINT:
Flexion and Medial
(Internal) Rotation
of the leg

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Vastus
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS Intermedius – Base of the patella; Femoral Nerve • HIP JOINT: RF
anterior surface of patellar ligament flexes the thigh at
the femur the hip joint
• Vastus Medialis – • KNEE JOINT:
medial line of linea Extends the leg at
aspera the knee joint
• Vastus Lateralis –
lateral line of linea
aspera
 • Rectus Femoris –
anterior inferior iliac
spine (AIIS)

MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH (HAMSTRINGS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

BICEPS FEMORIS • Long Head of the Lateral side of the • Long head: Tibial • Extend the thigh
Biceps: Ischial head of the fibula Nerve at the hip joint
tuberosity • Short Head: • Laterally rotates
• Short Head of the Common Peroneal the leg
Biceps: Linea Nerve
aspera and lateral
supracondylar
ridge of the femur
 MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH (HAMSTRINGS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Extend the thigh

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS Ischial tuberosity Posterior aspect of Tibial Nerve at the hip joint
the medial tibial • Laterally rotates
condyle the leg

MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOS COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH (HAMSTRINGS)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Extend the thigh

SEMITENDINOSUS Ischial tuberosity Superior aspect of Tibial Nerve at the hip joint
the medial surface • Laterally rotates
of the tibia the leg
 MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• HIP JOINT: adduct

GRACILLIS Inferior ramus of the Superior aspect of Obturator Nerve and flex the thigh
pubis the medial surface • KNEE JOINT: flex
of the tibia and medially rotate
the leg

MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Adductor part:
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS • Adductor part: • Adductor part: • Adductor part: Adducts and Flex
inferior ramus of the medial lip of linea Obturator Nerve the thigh at the hip
pubis aspera, medial • Hamstring part: joint
• Hamstring part: supracondylar line Tibial Nerve • Hamstring part:
ischial tuberosity • Hamstring part: Extends the thigh at
adductor tubercle the hip joint
of femur
 MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Adducts and
ADDUCTOR BREVIS Body of the pubis; Medial lip of linea Obturator Nerve contributes to
superior ramus of aspera flexion of the thigh
the pubis at the hip joint

MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Adducts and
ADDUCTOR LONGUS Body of the pubis Medial lip of linea Obturator Nerve contributes to
aspera flexion of the thigh
at the hip joint
 MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Adduct, flex and

PECTINEUS Superior ramus of Pectineal line Femoral Nerve medially rotates the
the pubis thigh at the hip joint

MUSCLES OF THE MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Laterally rotates the

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS Margins of Trochanteric crest Obturator Nerve thigh at the hip joint
obturator foramen
 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

PERONEUS TERTIUS Inferior aspect of Dorsum of the base Deep peroneal Dorsiflexion and
anterior surface of of the 5th MTT nerve eversion of the foot
fibula

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Middle part of the

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS anterior surface of Dorsal aspect of the Deep peroneal Extends the big toe
LONGUS the fibula and base of the big toe nerve and dorsiflexes the
interosseous (hallux) foot
membrane
 MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral condyle of
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM tibia, superior Middle and distal Deep peroneal Extends the 2nd to
LONGUS (EHL) aspect of medial phalanges of 2nd nerve 5th toes and
surface of fibula, to 5th toes dorsiflexes the foot
and interosseous
membrane

MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral condyle of Middle and inferior

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR tibia, superior surfaces of Deep peroneal Dorsiflexion and
aspect of lateral medial(1st) nerve inversion of the foot
surface of tibia and cuneiform and
interosseous base of 1st MTT
membrane
 MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Inferior aspect of
PERONEUS BREVIS (PB) the lateral surface Tuberosity of the 5th Superficial Fibular Plantarflexion and
of the of the fibula MTT Nerve eversion of the foot

MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral surface of Base of the 1st MTT

PERONEUS LONGUS (PL) the of the fibula and medial (1st) Superficial Fibular Plantarflexion and
cuneiform Nerve eversion of the foot
 DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Interosseus Tuberosity if the

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR (TP)) membrane, navicular, Tibial Nerve Plantarflexion and
posterior surface of cuneiform, cuboid inversion of the foot
the tibia and fibula and sustentaculum
tali; bases of 2nd -
4th MTT

DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Medial part of the Base of the 2nd -5th Flexion of the 2nd -
FLEXOR DIGITORUM posterior surface of distal phalanges Tibial Nerve 5th phalanges and
LONGUS (FDL) the tibia just below plantarflexion of the
the soleal line foot

DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Inferior 2/3 of the
posterior surface of Base of the distal Flexion of the big
FLEXOR HALLUCIS the fibula; phalanx of the big Tibial Nerve toe and
LONGUS (FHL) interosseous toe (hallux) plantarflexion of the
membrane foot
 DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral condyle of Posterior surface of Flexion of the knee,

POPLITEUS the femur, lateral the tibia, above the Tibial Nerve medial rotation of
meniscus soleal line the leg

SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Posterior surface of Posterior surface of Plantarflexes the

SOLEUS the head and neck the calcaneus via Tibial Nerve foot in a flexed or
of the fibula; soleal the calcaneal extended knee
line tendon

SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

Lateral Posterior surface of Assist the gastrocs in

PLANTARIS supracondylar the calcaneus via Tibial Nerve plantarflexion of the
ridge of the femur the calcaneal foot
tendon
 SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

• Lateral Head: Posterior surface of Plantarflexion of the

GASTROCNEMIUS lateral condyle of the calcaneus via Tibial Nerve foot when knee is
the femur the calcaneal extended; flexion of
• Medial Head: tendon the leg
popliteal surface of
the femur; above
the medial condyle
of the femur

INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM Calcaneus 2nd -4th proximal Deep Fibular Nerve Assists in extension
BREVIS phalanges of the 2nd -4th toes
 INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE DORSUM OF THE FOOT

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS Calcaneus Dorsal aspect of Deep Fibular Nerve Assists in extension
BREVIS base of proximal of the big toe
phalanx of big toe

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (4TH LAYER DEEPEST)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

4TH LAYER: DORSAL Sides of shafts of 1st • 1st: medial side of Lateral Plantar Abduction of 2nd to
INTEROSSEI to 5th MTT proximal phalanx of Nerve 4th digits
2nd digit
• 2nd -4th: lateral
sides of 2nd to 4th
digits

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (4TH LAYER DEEPEST)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

4TH LAYER: PLANTAR Plantar aspect of Medial side of Lateral Plantar Adduction of 3rd to
INTEROSSEI medial sides of bases of proximal Nerve 5th digits
shafts of 3rd to 5th phalanges of 3rd to
MTT 5th digits
 PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (3RD LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

3RD LAYER: FLEXOR DIGITI Base of 5th MTT Base of proximal Lateral Plantar Flexion of 5th digit
MINIMI BREVIS phalanx of 5th digit Nerve

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (3RD LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

3RD LAYER: ADDUCTOR • Oblique head: Lateral side of base Lateral Plantar Adduct the big toe
HALLUCIS base of 2nd -4th of proximal phalanx Nerve
MTT, cuboid, 3rd of big toe
cuneiform
• Transverse Head:
plantar ligaments
of MTT jts
 PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (3RD LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

3RD LAYER: FLEXOR Cuboid, 2nd and Both sides of base Lateral Plantar Flexion of proximal
HALLUSIC BREVIS 3rd cuneiform of proximal phalanx Nerve phalanx of the big
of big toe toe

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (2ND LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

2ND LAYER; QUADRATUS Calcaneus Tendon of Flexor Lateral Plantar Assist in flexion of
PLANTAE Digitorum Profundus Nerve the 2nd to 5th digits

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (2ND LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

2ND LAYER; LUMBRICALS Tendon of Flexor Medial side of • 2nd Lumbrical: (2nd -5th digits)
Digitorum expansion over the Medial Plantar • Flex the proximal
Profundus 2nd -5th digits Nerve phalanx
• 3rd -5th • Extend the middle
Lumbricals: Lateral and distal phalanx
Plantar Nerve
 PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (1ST LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1ST LAYER: ABDUCTOR Calcaneus Lateral side of base Lateral Plantar Abduction and
DIGITI MINIMI of proximal phalanx Nerve flexion of 5th digit
of 5th digit

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (1ST LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1ST LAYER: ABDUCTOR Calcaneus Medial side of base Medial Plantar Abduction and
DIGITI MINIMI of the proximal Nerve flexion of the big
phalanx of the 1s toe

PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOT (1ST LAYER)

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY ACTION

1ST LAYER: FLEXOR Calcaneus Both side of the Medial Plantar Flexion of 2nd to 5th
DIGITORUM BREVIS middle phalanx of Nerve digits
2nd to 5th digits