PCAR PART 2

2.2 GENERAL LICENSING REQUIREMENTS

2.2.1 General
(a) A license, rating, Authorization and/or certificate will be issued, renewed or re-issued when the
applicant complies with the requirements of Part 2.
(b) Privileges. A license and/or certificate holder is not permitted to exercise privileges other than those
granted by the license and/or certificate.
(c) Medical fitness. An applicant for a flight crew or air traffic controller license shall hold a medical
certificate issued in accordance with the provisions of this Part.
Implementing Standard: See IS 2.2.1 for detailed requirements for application for the issue, renewal and
re-issue of licenses, ratings, authorizations and certificates.

2.2.2 Licenses, Ratings, Authorizations and Certificates

2.2.2.1 LICENSES
The following licenses are issued under this Part to an applicant who satisfactorily accomplishes the
requirements in this Part for the license sought:
(a) Pilot licenses:
(1) Private pilot license (PPL);
(2) Commercial pilot license (CPL);
(3) Airline Transport pilot license (ATPL);
(4) Multi-crew Pilot License (MPL);
(5) Glider pilot license; and
(6) Free balloon pilot license.
(b) Flight engineer license.
(c) Flight navigator license.
(d) Aviation maintenance technician license (AMT).
(e) Aviation maintenance specialist license (AMS).
(f) Air traffic controller license (ATCO).
(g) Flight operations officer (Flight Dispatcher) license;
(h) Aeronautical station operator.
Note: Flight radiotelephone operator
(1) Where the knowledge and skill of an applicant have been established as satisfactory in respect of the
certification requirements for the radiotelephone operator's restricted certificate specified in the general
radio regulations annexed to the International Telecommunication Convention and the applicant has met
the requirements that are pertinent to the operation of the radiotelephone on board an aircraft, a
Contracting State may endorse a license already held by the applicant or issue a separate license as
appropriate
(2) Skill and knowledge requirements on radiotelephony procedures and phraseology have been
developed as an integral part of all pilot airplane and helicopter licenses.

2.2.2.2 RATINGS
(a) The following ratings are placed on a pilot license when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the
requirements in this Part for the rating sought:

(1)
(1) Category ratings in the following aircraft:
(i) Airplane
(ii) Helicopter
(iii) Glider
(iv) Free Balloon
(2) Class ratings in the following aircraft:
(i) Single-engine land - airplane
(ii) Single-engine sea - airplane
(iii) Multi-engine land - airplane
(iv) Multi-engine sea- airplane
(v) A class rating may be issued for those helicopters certificated for single-pilot operations and which
have comparable handling, performance and other characteristics.
Note: A class rating or endorsement for High Performance Airplanes (HPA) requires additional
knowledge, if the applicant has not completed the ATPL (A) knowledge requirements.
(3) Type ratings in the following aircraft:
(i) Each type of aircraft certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots;
(ii) Each type of helicopter certificated for single-pilot except where a class rating has been established
under (a)(2)(v); and
(iii) Any aircraft considered necessary by the Authority.
Note: A type rating for High Performance Airplanes (HPA) requires additional knowledge, if the applicant
has not completed the ATPL(A) knowledge requirements.
(4) Instrument ratings in the following aircraft:
(i) Instrument — Airplane
(ii) Instrument — Helicopter
(5) Instructor ratings:
(i) Flight instructors
(ii) Instructors for additional class/type/instrument ratings
(iii) Ground Instructor
(b) The following ratings are placed on a flight engineer's license when an applicant satisfactorily
accomplishes the requirements in this Part for the rating sought:
(1) Type rating
(2) Instructor rating
(c) The following ratings are placed on an air traffic controller license when an applicant satisfactorily
accomplishes the requirements in this Part for the rating sought:
(1) Aerodrome control rating;
(2) Approach control rating;
(3) Approach radar control rating;
(4) Approach precision radar control rating;
(5) Area control rating; and
(6) Area radar control rating.
(d) The following ratings are placed on an aviation maintenance technician license when an applicant
satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements in this Part for the rating sought:
(1) Airframe
(2) Power-plant
(3) Airframe and Power-plant

2.2.2.3 AUTHORIZATIONS
(a) The following Authorizations are issued when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes
the requirements in this Part for the Authorization sought:

(2)
(1) Student pilot Authorization
Note: if the State prefers, a license or certificate can be issued.
(2) Examiner Authorization
(b) The following Authorizations are placed on a license when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the
requirements in this Part for the Authorization sought:
(1) Category II pilot Authorization
(2) Category III pilot Authorization
(3) Inspection Authorization

2.2.2.4 CERTIFICATES
(a) The following certificates are issued when an applicant satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements in
this Part for the certificate sought:
(1) Medical certificate Class 1 for CPL, ATPL, Flight engineer and Flight navigator license
(2) Medical certificate Class 2 for PPL, Glider and Free balloon pilot license
(3) Medical certificate Class 3 for Air traffic controller license
(4) Validation certificates

2.2.3 Validity of Licenses, Ratings, Authorizations and Certificates

(a) The privileges granted by a license, or by related ratings, may not be exercised unless the holder
maintains competency and meets the requirements for recent experience of this Part.
(b) (1) Maintenance of competency and recent experience requirements for pilot licenses and ratings shall
be base on a systematic approach to accident prevention and should include a risk assessment process
and analysis
(2) Maintenance of competency shall be indicated in the airman's personal license or record (e.g.
logbook).
(c) The maintenance of competency of flight crew members, engaged in commercial air transport
operations, may be satisfactorily established by demonstration of skill during proficiency flight checks
completed in accordance with Part 8.
(d) The validity period of a license varies by the type of license. The date of validity of a license shall be
endorsed on each license, so as to be easily identified by an inspecting authority.
(e) The validity period of the ratings, Authorizations and medical certificates and the renewal/re-issue
conditions are indicated in the relevant Subparts of Part 2.
(f) Renewal of a license will take place within the validity period after initial issue of a rating, provided the
ratings related to the license and the medical certificate are valid.

2.2.4 Validation and Conversion of Foreign Licenses and Ratings

2.2.4.1 VALIDATION OF FLIGHT CREW LICENSES
(a) A person who holds a current and valid pilot license issued by another Contracting State in
accordance with ICAO Annex 1 may apply for a validation of such license for use on aircraft registered in
the Republic of the Philippines.
(b) The Republic of the Philippines will verify the authenticity of the license, ratings Authorizations and the
medical certificate with the state of license issue.
(c) A validation certificate with PPL privileges, based upon at least a PPL, will be issued provided:
(1) The applicant for the validation certificate shall present to the Authority the foreign license.
(2) The applicant for the validation certificate shall hold a current medical certificate issued under Part 2 or
a current medical certificate issued by the Contracting State that issued the applicant's pilot license
provided that the foreign medical certificate meets the requirements of Part 2, relevant to the license held.

(3)
(3) The validation certificate will be valid provided the foreign license or in the case of a continuing license,
the rating/medical certificate remains valid.
(d) A validation certificate with PPL/IR. CPL. CPL/IR. ATPL or FE privileges, based upon the relevant
license, will be issued provided the following requirements are met.
(1) The applicant for the validation certificate shall present to the Authority the foreign license and
evidence of the experience required by presenting the record (e.g. logbook).
(2) The validation certificate will be valid for one year, provided the foreign license or in the case of a
continuing license the rating/medical certificate remains valid.
(3) Ratings will only be validated together with the validation of a license.
(4) The applicant for the validation certificate shall:
(i) hold a current medical certificate issued under Part 2 or a current medical certificate issued by the
Contracting State that issued the applicant's pilot license provided that the foreign medical certificate
meets the requirements of Part 2, relevant to the license held;
(ii) complete a skill test for the relevant ratings in the license that he or she wants to be validated relevant
to the privileges of the license held;
(iii) demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Authority the knowledge relevant to the license to be validated
of:
(A) Air Law;
(B) Aeronautical Weather codes;
(C) Flight Performance and Planning; and
(D) Human Performance.
(e) Demonstrate a knowledge and comprehension of the English language. The validation shall be limited
for use on the Republic of the Philippines registered aircraft for use within the Republic of the Philippines
if the pilot is not proficient in the English language, as required by Subpart 2.2.7.
(f) While exercising the privileges of his license, a valid medical certificate, the license on which the
validation is based and the certificate of validation shall be carried; and
(g) Comply with the experience requirements set out in the table below:

2.3 PILOT LICENSES, CATEGORIES, RATINGS AND

AUTHORIZATIONS

2.3.1 General
2.3.1.1 APPLICABILITY
This Section prescribes the requirements for the issue, renewal and re-issue, if applicable, of pilot
licenses, ratings and Authorizations.

2.3.1.2 GENERAL RULE CONCERNING PILOT LICENSES, RATINGS AND

AUTHORIZATIONS
(a) An applicant shall, before being issued with any pilot license, rating or Authorization, meet such
requirements in respect of age, knowledge, experience, flight instruction, skill, medical fitness and
language proficiency as are specified for that license, rating or Authorization.
(b) A person shall not act either as pilot-in-command or as co-pilot of an aircraft in any of the categories
unless that person is the holder of a pilot license issued in accordance with the provisions of Part 2.
(c) An applicant shall for renewal or re-issue of a license, rating or Authorization meet the requirements as
are specified for that license, rating or Authorization.

(4)
2.3.1.3 AUTHORITY TO ACT AS A FLIGHT CREW MEMBER
(a) A person shall not act as a flight crew member of an aircraft registered in the Republic of the
Philippines unless a valid license or a validation certificate is held showing compliance with the
specifications of this Part and appropriate to the duties to be performed by that person.
(b) No person may act as the PIC or co-pilot of an aircraft unless that person holds the appropriate
category, class and type rating for the aircraft to be flown.
(c) A person shall not act as a flight crew member of an aircraft in the territory of the Republic of the
Philippines unless a valid license or a validation certificate is held that has been issued by the State of
Registry of that aircraft or by any other Contracting State and rendered valid by the state of registry of that
aircraft.
Note: During a skill test, the applicant acts as PIC but the safety pilot will intervene in safety situations.

2.3.1.4 CREDITING OF FLIGHT TIME

(a) A student pilot or the holder of a pilot license shall be entitled to be credited in full with all solo, dual
instruction and pilot-in-command flight time towards the total flight time required for the initial issue of a
pilot license or the issue of a higher grade of pilot license.
(b) The holder of a pilot license, when acting as co-pilot at a pilot station of an aircraft certificated for
operation by a single pilot but required by a Contracting State to be operated with a co-pilot, shall be
entitled to be credited with not more than 50 per cent of the co-pilot flight time towards the total flight time
required for a higher grade of pilot license. The Authority may authorize that flight time be credited in full
towards the total flight time required, provided the aircraft is equipped to be operated by a co-pilot and the
aircraft is operated in a multi-pilot crew operation.
(c) The holder of a pilot license, when acting as co-pilot at a pilot station of an aircraft certificated to be
operated with a co-pilot, shall be entitled to be credited in full with this flight time towards the total flight
time required for a higher grade of pilot license.
(d) The holder of a pilot license, when acting as pilot-in-command under supervision, shall be entitled to
be credited in full with this flight time towards the total flight time required for a higher grade of pilot
license.

2.3.1.5 LIMITATION OF PRIVILEGES OF PILOTS WHO HAVE ATTAINED THEIR 60TH BIRTHDAY
(a) No person who holds a pilot license issued under this Part shall serve as a pilot on a civil aircraft of
the Republic of the Philippines registry engaged in domestic or international commercial air transport in a
single pilot operation if that person has reached his or her 60th birthday.
(b) No person who holds a pilot license issued under this Part shall serve as a pilot on a civil aircraft of
the Republic of the Philippines registry engaged in domestic or international commercial air transport in a
multi pilot operation if that person has reached his or her 60th birthday unless in a multi-pilot operation
where the other pilots are less than 60 years of age.

2.3.1.5.1 CURTAILMENT OF PRIVILEGES OF PILOTS WHO HAVE ATTAINED THEIR 65TH

BIRTHDAY
No person who holds a pilot license issued under this Part shall serve as a pilot on a civil
aircraft of the Republic of the Philippines registry engaged in domestic or international
commercial air transport operations if that person has reached his or her 65th birthday.

(5)
2.3.3 Pilot Licenses, Instrument and Instructor Ratings
2.3.3.1 STUDENT PILOTS

(a) Age. The applicant for a student pilot Authorization shall be not less than 16 years of age.

(b) Knowledge. The applicant for a student pilot Authorization shall receive and log ground training from
an authorized instructor on the following subjects:
(1) applicable sections of Part 2 and Part 8;
(2) airspace rules and procedures for the airport where the student will perform solo-flight; and
(3) flight characteristics and operation limitations for the make and model of aircraft to be flown.

(c) Pre-solo flight instruction. Prior to conducting a solo flight, a student pilot shall have:

(1) received and logged flight training for the maneuvers and procedures as listed inIS 2.3.3.1.

(2) demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, as judged by an authorized instructor, on the
maneuvers and procedures as listed in IS 2.3.3.1.

(d) Solo flight requirements: A student pilot shall not fly solo:

(1) unless holding at least a Class 2 Medical Certificate; and

(2) with the authority of an authorized flight instructor.

IS 2.3.3.1 STUDENT PILOTS - MANEUVERS AND PROCEDURES FOR PRE-SOLO

FLIGHT TRAINING

(a) A student pilot who is receiving training for solo flight shall receive and log flight training for the
following maneuvers and procedures, as applicable for each category and class rating:

(1) Proper flight preparation procedures, including pre-flight planning and preparation, power-plant
operation and aircraft systems
(2) Taxiing, including run-ups
(3) Take-offs and landings, including normal and crosswind
(4) Straight and level flight and turns in both directions
(5) Climbs and climbing turns
(6) Airport traffic patterns including entry and departure procedures
(7) Collision avoidance, wind-shear avoidance and wake turbulence avoidance
(8) Descents, with and without turns, using high and low drag configurations
(9) Flight at various airspeeds from cruise to slow flight
(10) Stall entries from various flight attitudes and power combinations with recovery initiated at the first
indication of a stall and recovery from a full stall
(11) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions
(12) Ground reference maneuvers
(13) Approaches to a landing area with simulated engine malfunctions
(14) Slips to a landing
(15) Go-around
(6)
(b) Additional training for a helicopter:

(1) Approaches to the landing area

(2) Hovering and hovering turns
(3) Simulated emergency procedures, including auto-rotational descents with a power recovery and power
recovery to hover
(4) Rapid decelerations
(5) Simulated one-engine-inoperative approaches and landings for multi-engine helicopters

(c) Maneuvers and procedures for cross-country flight training in an airplane or rotorcraft:

(1) Use of aeronautical charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and dead reckoning with the aid of a
magnetic compass
(2) Use of aircraft performance charts pertaining to cross-country flight
(3) Procurement and analysis of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts, including recognition of
critical weather situations and estimating visibility while in flight
(4) Recognition, avoidance and operational restrictions of hazardous terrain features in the geographical
area where the student pilot will conduct cross-country flight
(5) Use of radios for VFR navigation and two-way communications
(6) Climbs at best angle and best rate
(7) Control and maneuvering solely by reference to flight instruments, including straight and level flight,
turns, descents, climbs, use of radio aids and ATC directives.

2.3.3.2 PRIVATE PILOT LICENSE - AIRPLANE

(a) Age. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall be not less than 17 years of age.

(b) Knowledge. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall:

(1) Receive and log ground training from an authorized instructor on the following subjects:

(i) Air law: rules and regulations relevant to the holder of a PPL(A); rules of the air; appropriate air traffic
services practices and procedures

(ii) Aircraft general knowledge:

(A) Principles of operation of airplane power-plants, systems and instruments;
(B) Operating limitations of airplanes and power-plants: relevant operational information from the flight
manual or other appropriate document;

(iii) Flight performance and planning:

(A) effects of loading and weight distribution on flight characteristics; weight and balance calculations;
(B) use and practical application of take-off, landing and other performance data;
(C) pre-flight and en-route flight planning appropriate to private operations under VFR; preparation and
filing of air traffic services flight plans; appropriate air traffic services procedures; position reporting
procedures; altimeter setting procedures; operations in areas of high-density traffic;

(7)
(iv) Human performance: human performance relevant to the PPL(A)

(v) Meteorology: application of elementary aeronautical meteorology; use of, and procedures for
obtaining, meteorological information; altimetry

(vi) Navigation: practical aspects of air navigation and dead-reckoning techniques; use of aeronautical
charts:

(vii) Operational procedures:

(A) use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM, aeronautical codes and abbreviations;
(B) appropriate precautionary and emergency procedures, including action to be taken to avoid hazardous
weather, wake turbulence and other operating hazards;

(viii) Principles of flight: principles of flight relating to airplanes;

(ix) Radiotelephony:
(A) radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as applied to VFR operations; action to be taken in case
of communication failure;
(B) as listed in IS 2.3.3.2 Appendix A;

(2) have received an endorsement for the knowledge test from an authorized instructor who:
(i) conducted the training on the knowledge subjects;
(ii) certifies that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test; and

(3) pass the required knowledge test on the knowledge areas listed in IS 2.3.3.2Appendix A.

(b) Experience

(1) The applicant for a PPL(A) shall have completed not less than 40 hours of flight time as pilot of
airplanes, a total of 5 hours may have been completed in a flight simulator or flight procedures trainer.

(2) The applicant shall have completed in airplanes not less than 10 hours of solo flight time under the
supervision of an authorized flight instructor, including 5hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least
one cross-country flight totalingnot less than 270 km (150 nm) in the course of which full-stop landings at
two difference aerodromes shall be made.

(3) The holder of pilot licenses in other categories may be credited with 10 hours of the total flight time as
pilot-in-command towards a PPL(A).

(c) Flight Instruction.

(1) The applicant for a PPL(A) shall receive and log not less than 20 hours of dual instruction from an
authorized instructor on the subjects listed in IS 2.3.3.2Appendix B. These 20 hours may include 5 hours
completed in a flight simulator or flight procedures trainer. The 20 hours of dual instruction shall include at
least 5hours of solo cross-country flight time with at least one cross-country flight totalling not less than
270 km (150 NM) in the course of which full-stop landings at two different aerodromes shall be made.

(2) The instructor shall ensure that the applicant has operational experience in atleast the following areas

(8)
to the level of performance required for the private pilot:
(i) pre-flight operations, including mass and balance determination, airplane inspection and servicing;
(ii) aerodrome and traffic pattern operations, collision avoidance precautions and procedures;
(iii) control of the airplane by external visual reference;
(iv) flight at critically slow airspeeds; recognition of, and recovery from, incipient and full stalls;
(v) flight at critically high airspeeds; recognition of, and recovery from, spiral dives,
(vi) normal and cross-wind take-offs and landings;
(vii) maximum performance (short field and obstacle clearance take-offs, shortfield landings;
(viii) flight by reference solely to instruments, including the completion of a level180 degrees turn:
(ix) cross-country flying using visual reference, dead reckoning and, where available, radio navigation
aids;
(x) emergency operations, including simulated airplane equipment malfunctions; and
(xi) operations to, from and transmitting controlled aerodromes, compliance with air traffic services
procedures, radiotelephony procedures and phraseology as further specified in IS 2.3.3.2 Appendix B.

(3) If the privileges of the PPL(A) are to be exercised at night, the applicant shall have received 4 hours
dual instruction in airplanes in night flying, including take-offs, landings and 1 hour of navigation and that
information shall be endorsed on the license.
Note 1: Training can be performed by an individually authorized flight instructor, by an authorized flight
instructor in a flying club, or in an Aviation Training Organization.

(d) Skill. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall:

(1) have received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certifies that the person is prepared
for the required skill test; and
(2) have demonstrated by passing a skill test the ability to perform as pilot-in-command of an airplane, the
areas of operation described in IS 2.3.3.2 Appendix
B, with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted to the holder of a PPL(A), and to
(i) operate the airplane within its limitations;
(ii) complete all maneuvers with smoothness and accuracy;
(iii) exercise good judgment and airmanship;
(iv) apply aeronautical knowledge; and
(v) maintain control of the airplane at all times in a manner such that the successful outcome of a
procedure or maneuver is never seriously in doubt.

(e) Medical fitness. The applicant for a PPL(A) shall hold a current Class 2 Medical
Certificate.

(f) Privileges. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the privileges of the
holder of a PPL (A) shall be to act, but not for remuneration, as pilotin-command or co-pilot of any
airplane engaged in non-revenue flights.

(g) Validity. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in this Part, the validity period of the
license is 2 years. For renewal of the license see 2.2.3.

IS 2.3.3.2 APPENDIX A: PRIVATE PILOT LICENSE (A) - KNOWLEDGE

(a) The knowledge instruction and test for the private pilot license - airplane shall include at least the
following subjects:
(9)
(1) Air law
(i) Relevant parts of ICAO Convention and Annexes 2, 7, 8, 11 and 14
(ii) ICAO Document 4444: General provisions, Area control service, Approach control service, Aerodrome
control service, Flight information and alerting service;
(iii) National law

(2) Aircraft General Knowledge

(i) Airframe: Airframe structure and loads
(ii) Power-plant: engines general, engine cooling, engine lubrication, ignition systems, carburetion, aero
engine fuel, fuel systems, propellers, engine handling
(iii) Systems: electrical system, vacuum system
(iv) Instruments: Pitot/static system, Airspeed indicator, Altimeter, Vertical speed indicator, Gyroscopes,
Turn indicator, Altitude indicator, Heading indicator, Magnetic compass, Engine instruments, Other
instruments
(v) Airworthiness

(3) Flight Performance and Planning

(i) Mass and balance
(ii) Performance: Take-off, Landing, In-flight

(4) Human performance:

(i) Basic physiology: Concepts, Effects of partial pressure, Vision, Hearing, Motion sickness, Flying and
health, Toxic hazards
(ii) Basic psychology: The information process, the central decision channel, stress; judgment and
decision making

(5) Meteorology
(i) The atmosphere. Pressure, density and temperature, Humidity and precipitation, Pressure and wind;
Cloud information, Fog, mist and haze, Airmasses, Frontology, Ice accretion, Thunderstorms; Flight over
mountainous areas, Climatology, Altimetry, The meteorological organization, Weather analysis and
forecasting, Weather information for flight planning, Meteorological broadcasts for aviation

(6) Navigation
(i) Form of the earth, mapping, conformal orthomorphic projection (ICAO1.500.000 chart), Direction,
Airplane magnetism, Distances, Charts in practical navigation, Chart reference material/map reading,
Principles of navigation, The navigation computer, Time, Flight planning, Practical navigation
(ii) Radio navigation: Ground direction finding (D/F), automatic direction finding (ADF), including
associated beacons (non-directional beacons (NDBs) and use of the radio magnetic indicator (RMI). VHF
omni-directional range/distance measuring equipment (VOR/DME), GPS, Ground radar; Secondary
surveillance radar

(7) Operational Procedures

(i) Relevant parts of ICAO Annex 6, Part II; Annex 12, 13 and 16 (relevant parts),Contravention of aviation
regulations

(8) Principles of Flight

(i) The atmosphere, Airflow around a body, sub-sonic, Airflow about a two dimensional aerofoil; Three
dimensional flow about an aerofoil; Distribution of the four forces, Flying controls, Trimming controls,
Flaps and slats, The stall, Avoidance of spins, Stability, Load factor and maneuvers, Stress loads on the
ground
(10)
(9) Communications
(i) Radio telephony and communications, Departure procedures, En-route procedures, Arrival and traffic
pattern procedures, Communications failure, Distress and urgency procedures

IS 2.3.3.2 APPENDIX B: PRIVATE PILOT LICENSE (A) - FLIGHT INSTRUCTION AND

SKILL TEST

(a) The flight instruction and skill test for the single-engine and multi-engine private pilot license - airplane
shall include at least the following areas of operation:
Note 1: When (SE) is indicated the item or paragraph is only for single-engine. When(ME) is indicated the
item or paragraph is only for multi-engine. When nothing is indicated the item or paragraph is for single-
engine and multi-engine.
Note 2: When (S) is indicated, the item is only for seaplanes. When (L) is indicated, the item is only for
landplanes. When nothing is indicated the item is for land and seaplanes.

(1) Pre-flight preparation; including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following tasks--
(i) Licenses and documents
(ii) Airworthiness requirements
(iii) Weather information
(iv) Cross-country flight planning
(v) National airspace system
(vi) Performance and limitations
(vii) Operation of system
(viii) Principles of flight
(ix) Water and Seaplane Characteristics (S)
(x) Seaplane bases, maritime rules and aids to marine navigation (S)
(xi) Aeromedical factors

(2) Pre-flight procedures: including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following tasks--
(i) Pre-flight inspection
(ii) Cockpit management
(iii) Engine Starting
(iv) Taxiing (L)
(v) Taxiing and Sailing (S)
(vi) Before take-off check

(3) Aerodrome and seaplane operations: including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the
following tasks--
(i) Radio communications and ATC light signals
(ii) Traffic patterns
(iii) Aerodrome/Seaplane Base, runway and taxiway signs, markings and lighting

(4) Take-offs, landings and go-grounds; including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the
following tasks--
(i) Normal and crosswind take-off and climb
(ii) Normal and crosswind approach and landing
(iii) Soft-field take-off and climb (SE) (L)
(iv) Soft-field approach and landing (SE) (L)
(v) Short-field [Confined area (S)] take-off and maximum performance climb
(vi) Short-field approach (Confined area (S)) and landing
(11)
(vii) Glassy Water take-off and climb (S)
(viii) Glassy water approach and landing (S)
(ix) Rough water take-off and climb (S)
(x) Rough water approach and landing (S)
(xi) Forward slip to a landing (SE)
(xii) Go-around /rejected landing

(5) Performance maneuver: including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following tasks--
(i) Steep turns

(6) Ground reference maneuvers; including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following
tasks--
(i) Rectangular course
(ii) S-turns
(iii) Turns around a point

(7) Navigation: including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following tasks--
(i) Pilotage and dead reckoning
(ii) Navigation systems and radar services
(iii) Diversion
(iv) Lost procedures

(8) Slow flight and stalls; including the applicant's knowledge and performance of thefollowing tasks-
(i) Maneuvering during slow flight
(ii) Power-off stalls
(iii) Power-on stalls
(iv) Spin awareness

(9) Basic instrument maneuvers; including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following
tasks--
(i) Straight-and-level flight
(ii) Constant airspeed climbs
(iii) Constant airspeed descents
(iv) Turns to headings
(v) Recovery from unusual flight
(vi) Radio Communications, navigation systems/facilities and radar services; including the applicant's
knowledge and performance of the following tasks--

(10) Emergency operations; including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following tasks--
(i) Emergency approach and landing
(ii) Emergency descent (ME)
(iii) Engine failure during take-off before VMC (simulated) (ME)
(iv) Engine failure after lift-off (simulated) (ME)
(v) Approach and landing with an inoperative engine (simulated) (ME)
(vi) Systems and equipment malfunctions
(vii) Emergency equipment and survival gear

(11) Multi-engine operations (ME); including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following
tasks--

(12)
(i) Maneuvering with one engine inoperative
(ii) VMC demonstration
(iii) Engine failure during flight (by reference to instruments)
(iv) Instrument approach — one engine inoperative (by reference to instruments)

(12) Night operation; including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following tasks--
(i) Night preparation

(13) Post-flight procedures; including the applicant's knowledge and performance of the following tasks--
(i) After landing, parking and securing
(ii) Anchoring (S)
(iii) Docking and mooring (S)
(iv) Ramping/Beaching (S)

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CAAP Historical Background

Legislative Act No. 3909 passed by the Philippine Legislative on November

20, 1931 created an Office under the Department of Commerce and
Communications to handle aviation matters, particularly the enforcement of
rules and regulations governing commercial aviation as well as private flying.
It was amended by Act 3996 to include licensing of airmen and aircraft,
inspection of aircraft concerning air traffic rules, schedules and rates and
enforcement of Aviation Laws.

From 1932 to 1936, there were no standard procedures as to the licensing of

airmen, registration of aircraft and recording of various aeronautical
activities connected with commercial aviation. There were attempts made to
register planes and their owners without ascertaining their airworthiness and to record names of pilots, airplane
mechanics and other details.

In 1933, the office of Technical Assistant of Aviation matters was enlarged into the Aeronautics Division under the
Department of Commerce and Industry, the functions of which were embodied in Administrative Order No. 309, a joint
Bulletin issued by the Department of Public Works and Communications and the Department of Finance.

In October, 1934 Act 4033 was passed to require a franchise from the Philippine government in order to operate an air
service and to regulate foreign aircraft operations.

On November 12, 1936, the Philippine Legislative passed Commonwealth Act No. 168, better known as the Civil Aviation
Law of the Philippines which created the Bureau of Aeronautics. After the liberation of the Philippines in March, 1945, the
Bureau was reorganized and placed under the Department of National Defense. Among its functions was to promulgate
Civil Aviation Regulations.

On October, 1947, Executive Order No. 94 which reorganized the government transferred Bureau of Aeronautics to the
Newly created Department of Commerce and Industry and renamed Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA).

On June 5, 1948, Republic Act 224 created the National Airports Corporation which was charged with the management
and operations of all national airports.

On June 20, 1952, Republic Act No. 776, otherwise known as the Civil Aeronautics Act of the Philippines reorganized the
Civil Aeronautics Board and the Civil Aeronautics Administration. It defined the powers and duties of both agencies
including the funds, personnel and the regulations of Civil Aviation.

On October 19, 1956, Executive Order No. 209 placed the Civil Aeronautics Administration under the administrative
supervision and control of the Department of Public Works, Transportation and Communications.

On January 20, 1975, Letter of Instruction No. 244 transferred to the Department of Public Highways the responsibilities
relative to airport plans, designs, construction, improvement, maintenance as well as site acquisition. The responsibilities
related to location , planning design and funding were later returned to the CAAP.

On July 23, 1979, Executive Order No. 546, the CAA was renamed the Bureau of Air Transportation (BAT) and placed
under the Ministry of Transportation and Communications.

On April 4, 1987, Executive Order No. 125 renamed the Bureau of Air Transportation the Air Transportation Office
headed by the Assistant Secretary of Air Transportation.

In 1998, A bill has been filed in the Senate and House of Representatives to convert the ATO into a Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), a single aviation body that will have regulatory and operational mandate. When
approved, this will enable the CAAP to pursue with renewed vigor our vision of a globally competitive Philippine civil
aviation.

On March 4, 2008, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed into law Republic Act 9497 - the CIVIL AVIATION
AUTHORITY Act of 2008. This law stands to update and strengthen the international framework of the country's civil
aviation industry.

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