CHAPTER

2 Computation Operations

Learning objectives
2.1 Addition 2.2 Subtraction
2.3 Estimating the Sum and Difference 2.4 Multiplication
2.5 Division 2.6 Estimating the Multiplication and Division
2.7 Factors and Multiples

2.1 ADDITION 6415842 + 10 = 6415852

The result of numbers added together in addition
operation is called sum. The numbers to be added in Tens place digit
an addition are called addends.
For example : 6415842 + 100 = 6415942
5 4 3 2 1 8 6 → Addend
Hundreds place digit

+ 2 3 0 1 2 1 3 → Addend
7 7 3 3 3 9 9 → Sum 6415842 + 1000 = 6416842

Properties of Addition Thousands place digit

1. Numbers (addends) can be added in any order, the
sum does not change. 2.2 SUBTRACTION
2143287 + 3215894 = 5359181 = 3215894 + 2143287 The number from which another number is subtracted
2. When three or more numbers are added, the sum is called minuend. The number that is to be subtracted
remains same, even if the order of addends is is called subtrahend. The result obtained from
changed. subtraction is called difference.
(32141623 + 1038714) + 7124803 = 40305140 For example :
Same 7 2 5 6 8 5 4 → Minuend
32141623 + (1038714 + 7124803) = 40305140

– 5 2 4 3 5 3 2 → Subtrahend
3. When zero is added to a number, the sum is the
2 0 1 3 3 2 2 → Difference
number itself.
4216854 + 0 = 4216854 Properties of Subtraction
1. When 0 is subtracted from a number, the difference
Same
is the number itself.
4. Addition of 1 to a number gives the successor of the
number. 7256892 – 0 = 7256892
2516835 + 1 = 2516836
Same

Successor of 2516835 2. W hen minuend is equal to the subtrahend, the

5. Addition of 10, 100 and 1000 to a number increases difference is zero.
the value of digit at tens, hundreds and thousands 8253451 – 8253451 = 0
place by 1 respectively.
3. When 1 is subtracted from a number, the difference 3. If the order of numbers is changed, the product
is the predecessor of the number. will remains same.
5498765 – 1 = 5498764 145 × 46812 = 6787740 = 46812 × 145
4. If two or more numbers are multiplied together,
Predecessor of 5498765
then the product will remains same even if numbers
4. W hen 10, 100 and 1000 are subtracted from a are grouped in any order.
number, then digit at tens, hundreds and thousands
(1205 × 15) × 112 = 2024400
place are decreased by 1 respectively.
Same
4568392 – 10 = 4568382
1205 × (15 × 112) = 2024400
Tens place digit 5. Multiplication of a number by 10, 100 and 1000
4568392 – 100 = 4568292 makes the product 10 times, 100 times and 1000
times bigger respectively.
Hundred place digit 94567 × 10 = 945670

4568392 – 1000 = 4567392 10 times

Thousands place digit 94567 × 100 = 9456700

100 times
2.3 ESTIMATING THE SUM AND
DIFFERENCE 94567 × 1000 = 94567000

Estimation is the process of finding an approximate 1000 times

value. We use the concept of rounding off to estimate
numbers. 2.5 DIVISION
For example : If the population of village A is 75396 We have already studied division in earlier classes. In
and that of village B is 45256, then the same way, we divide the large numbers by 1, 2 or
Total population when rounded off to nearest 100 3-digit numbers.
gives = 75400 + 45300 = 120700.
Properties of Division
Difference of population when rounded off to nearest
1. When a number is divided by 1, the quotient is
1000 gives = 75000 – 45000 = 30000.
the number (dividend) itself.

2.4 MULTIPLICATION 652416 ÷ 1 = 652416

We have already studied multiplication in earlier Same

classes. In the same way, we multiply the large
numbers by 1, 2, 3 or 4-digit numbers.
Olympiad Bite
Properties of Multiplication
Division by zero is not defined.
1. The product of any number with 1 results the
number itself. 2. When zero is divided by any number, the quotient
4235698 × 1 = 4235698 is zero.
0 ÷ 521689 = 0
Same
3. When a number is divided by itself, the quotient
2. The product of any number with 0 is 0.
is 1.
5269841 × 0 = 0
750423 ÷ 750423 = 1
2.6 ESTIMATING THE MULTIPLICATION Estimated number of shirts
AND DIVISION = 100 × 90 = 9000
Let us learn estimating the multiplication and division h Rohan bought 503 cricket bats and pays ₹ 43450.
with the help of an example.
Find the estimated cost of each bat. (Estimate to
For example :
nearest thousands).
h Mansi bought 102 boxes of shirts. Each box contains
85 shirts. Find the total estimated number of shirts Estimated cost of one bat
she had. = ₹(40000 ÷ 500) = ₹ 80

SELF TEST - 1
1. Compare and fill the box. (A) ₹ 311600 (B) ₹ 31104000
568972 + 248694 742861 + 156890 (C) ₹ 31160000 (D) ₹ 31104650
(A) > (B) < 4. The product of two numbers is 3133000. If one of
(C) = (D) Can’t be determined them is 520, then find the other number.
(A) 6152 (B) 6025
2. Fill in the blank. (C) 5095 (D) 6000
15000 × 852 = 15000 × (_____ + 50 + 2)
5. Subtract three million one hundred one thousand
(A) 8 (B) 800 fifty from seven million three hundred five thousand
(C) 80 (D) 852 twenty.
3. The cost of an AC is ₹ 75865. What is the estimated (A) 13100970 (B) 12200980
cost of 410 such AC's? (C) 13200790 (D) None of these

2.7 FACTORS AND MULTIPLES h The numbers having more than two factors are
called composite numbers.
Factors 4, 6, 8, 9, ........... are composite numbers.
The numbers that are multiplied to find a product are
called its factors.
Olympiad Bite
Factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3 and 6. •  1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.
Factors of 15 are 1, 3, 5 and 15. •  2 is the smallest and only even prime number.

Properties of Factor Highest Common Factor (H.C.F.)

1. 1 is the factor of every number and is also the The greatest number that divides both the numbers
smallest factor of every number. without leaving any remainder is the H.C.F. of the
numbers.
2. Greatest factor of a number is the number itself.
For example :
3. Every factor of a number is less than or equal to
Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
the number. Factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18.
The common factors of 12 and 18 are 1, 2, 3 and 6. The
Olympiad Bite highest common factor of 12 and 18 is 6.
Every number has atleast two factors : 1 and the number So, H.C.F. (12, 18) = 6.
itself.
Using Prime Factorisation Method
2 12 2 18
Prime Numbers and Composite Numbers
2 6 3 9
h The numbers have only two factors, 1 and the
number itself are called prime numbers. 3 3 3 3
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ........... are prime numbers. 1    1
Here, common prime factors of above two numbers Least Common Multiple (L.C.M.)
are 2 and 3.
The L.C.M. of two or more numbers is the smallest
So, H.C.F. (12, 18) = 2 × 3 = 6
number that can be divided by those numbers without
Olympiad Bite leaving a remainder.
For example :
The H.C.F. of given numbers cannot be greater than any
Multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, ......
of the given numbers.
Multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, ......
Multiples Here, smallest (least) common multiple of 5 and 6
A multiple is any number which is the product of the is 30.
number and any counting number.
So, L.C.M. (5, 6) = 30
For example : Multiples of 5 are 5 × 1, 5 × 2, 5 × 3,
............ Using Prime Factorisation Method L.C.M. of 14 and 12
i.e., 5, 10, 15, ............ 2 14 2 12
7 7 2 6
Properties of Multiples 1 3 3
1. Every number is a multiple of itself. 1
2. Smallest multiple of a number is the number itself.
3. There is no largest multiple of a number. So, L.C.M. (12, 14) = 2 × 2 × 7 × 3 = 84
4. Every number is a multiple of 1.
Olympiad Bite
Olympiad Bite • L .C.M of two numbers is always greater than or equal
We can find infinitely many multiples for any given to one of the numbers.
number. • H.C.F. × L.C.M. = Product of two numbers.

SELF TEST - 2
1. Find the common factors of 75 and 90. (A) Composite (B) Prime
(A) 1, 3 and 5 (B) 1, 5 and 15 (C) Ordinal (D) None of these
(C) 1, 3, 5 and 15 (D) 5, 3 and 15 4. H.C.F. of 140 and 200 is ________.
2. ________ is the smallest prime number. (A) 5 (B) 10
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) 20
(C) 3 (D) 4 5. L.C.M. of 45 and 105 is ________.
3. Numbers which have more than two factors are (A) 45 (B) 105
called ________ numbers. (C) 315 (D) 405
 EXERCISE
1. Find the H.C.F. of 145 and 245. (A) 10 (B) 15
(A) 8 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) 18
(C) 5 (D) 49 12. Find the estimated sum of 200534 and 345126 by
2. Sum of greatest and smallest factor of 1728 is rounding off each to the nearest hundreds.
(A) 1728 (B) 1729 (A) 640600 (B) 545600
(C) 1800 (D) 4230 (C) 545700 (D) 540700
3. Find the greatest number which divides 30 and 45 13. Subtract the sum of 2456837 and 2568398 from
leaving no remainder in each case. 6897252.
(A) 15 (B) 18 (A) 1792054 (B) 1652092
(C) 10 (D) 5 (C) 2384071 (D) 1872017
4. Find the sum of the smallest 7-digit number and 14. Nikita had ` 105689 in her account. She withdraws
the greatest 6-digit number formed by using digits 5, 6, ` 5689 on one day and deposit ` 8569 on other day. How
3, 4 and 1 (each digit must be used atleast once). much money in her account now?
(A) 2356 (B) 1245689 (A) ` 156870 (B) ` 120682
(C) 1778879 (D) 1778887 (C) ` 108569 (D) ` 96280
5. The quotient when 260820 is divided by 36
15. An NGO involves distributing of 925920 books for
is ________.
poor children in 45 cities equally. How many books will
(A) 7354 (B) 6245 be distributed in each city?
(C) 7245 (D) 7562
(A) 30526 (B) 14059
6. Subtract 3 multiple of 40 from the 5 multiple of
rd th
(C) 20224 (D) 20576
46 gives ________.
16. What must be added to 3412058 to get 10 millions?
(A) 80 (B) 110
(C) 150 (D) 75 (A) 6587942 (B) 6578592
(C) 5678924 (D) 6587402
7. Find the number of prime factors of 240.
17. Which of the following are the multiples of 4 and 9?
(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 2 (D) 5 (A) 80 (B) 99
(C) 108 (D) 84
8. What will you get, if you divide smallest 8-digit
number by 125? 18. The number of factors of any prime number
(A) 80000 (B) 8000 is ________.
(C) 10000 (D) 1000 (A) 2 (B) 1
9. Which of the following is prime? (C) 3 (D) 4
(A) 41 (B) 85 19. Find the difference of greatest and smallest 5-digit
(C) 74 (D) 95 number formed from the digits 3, 5, 2 and 9 (using each
digits atleast once).
10. The population of a city is 1045693. Out of these
532564 are males. How many females are there? (A) 77252 (B) 65216
(A) 612710 (B) 412568 (C) 77173 (D) 70125
(C) 513129 (D) None of these 20. Find the value of MMMCCXCVI + MCCXLVI.
11. There are ________ prime numbers between 20 and (A) 5460 (B) 5462
85. (C) 4550 (D) 4542
21. Which of the following is greatest? 31. The sum of (product of 2nd multiple of 10 and 5th
(A) 3rd multiple of 18 (B) 2nd multiple of 12 multiple of 7) and 19 is ________.
(C) 4th multiple of 17 (D) 5th multiple of 14 (A) 719 (B) 700
(C) 619 (D) 721
22. Sohan sold 825 refrigerators at ` 20590 each. Find
the total money earned by him. 32. A company earned ` 46,72,000 in a year. If the
(A) ` 15287025 (B) ` 16986750 expenses were ` 7,56,824, then how much money was
saved?
(C) ` 25695760 (D) None of these
(A) ` 16,84,591 (B) ` 28,10,219
23. In a garden, there are 2995 plants in 1 row. If each
(C) ` 38,14,198 (D) ` 39,15,176
row has the same number of plants, then how many
plants are there in 128 rows? 33. Which two numbers gives the product 675924?
(A) 383360 (B) 286590 (A) 7268 × 93 (B) 6428 × 84
(C) 372560 (D) 296570 (C) 7520 × 82 (D) 6419 × 97
24. Compare and fill the box. 34. Salary of a person is ` 42570 per month. How much
total salary did he earn in a year?
MMCCLII + CCXXXVI MCCCXIV + MCCXVI
(A) ` 620540 (B) ` 512750
(A) > (B) < (C) ` 510840 (D) ` 410760
(C) = (D) Can’t be determined
35. A library has 30 racks. Each rack is fitted with 25
25. What should be added to 3rd multiple of 16 to get shelves and there are 50 books in each shelf. Find the
5th multiple of 18? total number of books in the library.
(A) 38 (B) 40 (A) 28150 (B) 42500
(C) 42 (D) 32 (C) 36150 (D) 37500
26. Two ropes 12 m and 18 m long are to be cut into 36. Which of the following is true?
small pieces of equal lengths. What will be the maximum (A) 82599 ÷ 0 = 0 (B) 0 ÷ 82683 = 0
length of each piece? (C) 72598 × 1 = 1 (D) None of these
(A) 5 m (B) 6 m
37. Akshit collected 90528 stickers. He distributes the
(C) 7 m (D) 8 m stickers equally among his 12 friends. How many stickers
27. There are 2168 boxes of biscuits. Each box contains did each friend get?
120 packet of biscuits. How many packets of biscuits are (A) 6420 (B) 7544
there? (C) 7210 (D) 6894
(A) 260160 (B) 260100 38. The product of 214 and a number is X. Taking 49
(C) 260600 (D) 250840 away from X gives 1449. Find the number.
28. Estimate the difference between 42163456 and (A) 7 (B) 9
51620132, if the numbers are rounded off to the nearest (C) 1498 (D) 1640
thousands.
39. Least common multiple of 15, 20 and 40 is ________.
(A) 9890400 (B) 9321000
(A) 80 (B) 110
(C) 8590000 (D) 9457000
(C) 120 (D) 140
29. Add three million three hundred two thousand thirty
40. A fruit seller has 69875 apples. He has to pack them
with six million two hundred one thousand twenty.
in boxes, with each box containing 325 apples. Find the
(A) 8050030 (B) 9503050 number of boxes required to pack all the apples.
(C) 9500350 (D) 6305010 (A) 225 (B) 315
30. Three bells ring of intervals of 12, 15 and 20 minutes. (C) 215 (D) 205
If they all ring at 6 a.m. together, then at what time will 41. 7th multiple of 18 is ________ more than the 5th
they next ring together? multiple of 13.
(A) 6 : 30 a.m. (B) 7 : 05 a.m. (A) 51 (B) 120
(C) 6 : 45 a.m. (D) 7 : 00 a.m.
(C) 61 (D) 59
42. How many composite numbers are there between (A) Both Statement p and Statement q are true.
35 and 50? (B) Both Statement p and Statement q are false.
(A) 10 (B) 8 (C) Statement p is true but Statement q is false.
(C) 12 (D) 11 (D) Statement p is false but Statement q is true.
43. Compare and fill the box. 49. If × = 36; ÷ =8
9549 × 38 7256 + 8590
and + = 50, then find the value of
(A) > (B) <
(C) = (D) Can’t be determined + + .
44. Evaluate : (A) 50 (B) 56
CDLXVII + MCCXV – CMXXIX (C) 48 (D) 52
(A) 820 (B) 753 50. In a town, there are two public libraries. The number
(C) 615 (D) 710 of books in first library is 4,52,568 and the number of
45. Find the sum of greatest and smallest 6-digit numbers books in second library is 3,46,802.
that can be formed by using the digits 2, 1, 0 and 8 (using (i) Find the total number of books in both the libraries.
each digit atleast once). (ii) How many more books does the first library have
(A) 998138 (B) 988238 than second library?
(C) 978168 (D) None of these (i) (ii)
(A) 5,46,894 1,05,766
(B) 6,43,508 2,04,689
(C) 7,99,370 1,05,766
(D) 7,99,370 2,52,708
46. If + = 3710;
SOF IMO 2019 QUESTIONS
+ + + = 10214 and
1. Find the sum of the common prime factors of 168
+ + = 4620, and 315.
(A) 10 (B) 7
Then, + + + = ___?___
(C) 3 (D) 9 (Level-1)
(A) 4280 (B) 4690
(C) 5530 (D) 5215 2. If ÷ = 13 and +
P +R−S
47. Find the value of .
Q P 2 R 5 + + = 28, then what is the value of
3 258 8 3 7 2 1 0
(A) – 7 7 4
5 + ?
6 3 2
4
(B) – Q 1 6 (A) 3 (B) 49
5
1 1 6 1 (C) 52 (D) 98 (Level-1)
2 – 1 0 S 2
(C) 3. Find the number which is 2529 more than the number
5 1 2 9 0
– 1 2 9 0 shown on the abacus.
1
(D)
5 0
48. Which of the following options is correct?
Statement p : The HCF of two given numbers
cannot be greater than the LCM of these numbers. L TTH TH H T O
Statement q : The LCM of two numbers is the least
(A) 143831 (B) 141302
number that divides both the numbers without
(C) 16661 (D) None of these (Level-1)
leaving any remainder.
4. Which of the following has the greatest value? (C) Vishal, Tarun, Manish
(A) 30 tens more than 50 hundreds (D) Tarun, Vishal, Manish (Level-1)
(B) 70 ones more than 300 tens 11. Add the 4th multiple of 52 and the 8th multiple of 37.
(C) 20 ones less than 30 tens The value obtained is 700 less than . Find the value of
(D) 60 hundreds less than 8 thousands (Level-1) .
5. If a number M is multiplied by 16 and 989 is added, (A) 1400 (B) 504
then the answer obtained is 2749. Find twice of the (C) 968 (D) 1204 (Level-1)
number M.
12. If + + = 1275 and –
(A) 110 (B) 220
(C) 400 (D) 560 (Level-1)
= 75, then what is the value of ?
6. Divya reads 225 pages every day except on Sunday
and Thursday. How many pages does she read in 9 weeks? (A) 400 (B) 475
(A) 10,320 (B) 10,125 (C) 465 (D) 480 (Level-1)
(C) 11,245 (D) 12,040 (Level-1) 13. Find the sum of all factors of 243.
7. Karan has 52920 balls. He has to pack them in boxes, (A) 364 (B) 121
with each box containing 420 balls. Find the number of (C) 120 (D) 363 (Level-1)
boxes required to pack all the balls.
14. A factory manufactures 2530900 pens in a month.
(A) 120 (B) 215 The factory got a order to fill 17608 cartons with 144 pens
(C) 126 (D) 150 (Level-1) each. How many more pens should it manufacture to
8. A gardener plants 312250, 234278 and 143581 trees complete the order?
on three successive months. How many trees did he plant (A) 4260 (B) 4652
in all three months? (C) 3421 (D) 5625 (Level-1)
(A) 690109 (B) 990109 15. An NGO earned ` 50480 in a month. If the total
(C) 900999 (D) 890109 (Level-1) expenses were ` 36500 per month, then how much money
9. Fill in the blanks. was saved in one year?
(A) ` 234060 (B) ` 613700
(i) There are P prime numbers between 73 and 94.
(C) ` 167760 (D) ` 117340 (Level-1)
(ii) Least common multiple of 32, 36 and 72 is Q .
(iii) The smallest number that can be divided by the 16. In a garden, there are 403354 plants in 329 rows.
given numbers without leaving any remainder is If each row has the same number of plants, then how
R . many plants are there in 115 rows?
(iv) If 443272 is divided by 268, then S is the (A) 104099 (B) 149900
remainder. (C) 149090 (D) 140990 (Level-1)
P Q R S
17. Find the value of (
Q + R) ÷ (P − S )
(A) 5 108 HCF 1654 .
S
(B) 3 288 LCM 0 1P49R
(C) 4 162 LCM 1252 132 2 3 0 9 S 4 2
(D) 5 254 LCM 987 (Level-1) –132
989
10. In an examination, marks obtained by three boys –92Q
are as follows : 6 S 5
Tarun : Second multiple of 32 – 5 2 8 
Manish : Fifth multiple of 17 12 P4
–11 8 8
Vishal : Greatest factor of 45
8R2
Which of the following shows the correct descending – 792
order of boys according to their marks? 70
(A) Tarun, Manish, Vishal (A) 5 (B) 1
(B) Manish, Tarun, Vishal
(C) 10 (D) 2 (Level-1)
18. The value of (MDCLX + MMCCIX) – (MDCIV (A) 38 (B) 56
+ CMXLVI) = (C) 60 (D) 28 (Level-2)
(A) MCCIX (B) MCCCIX 23. Find the HCF and LCM respectively of 42, 63 and
(C) MCCCXIX (D) MCCXIX (Level-2) 105.
19. Which of the following options shows the correct (A) 7,630 (B) 21,1260
prime factorisation of 72 ? (C) 21,630 (D) 7,1260 (Level-2)
(A) 72 (B) 72 24. Rashi think of a 6-digit number. Find the number
2 36 using the given clues.
2 36
h The digit at thousands place is more than the digit
2 18 2 18 at tens place by 5.
2 9 2 9 h The digit at lakhs place is HCF of 3 and 7.
h The digit at tens place is the smallest odd prime
9 1 3 3
number.
(C) 72 (D) Both (A) and (B) h The digit at ten thousands place is 3 rd multiple of 2.

3 24 h The digit at ones place is 4 less than the digit at

ten thousands place.
3 8
h The digit at hundreds place is product of digit at
2 4 lakhs place and ones place.
 (Level-2)
(A) 166212 (B) 158232
20. A certain number when divided by 3 gives a (C) 168232 (D) 756212 (Level-2)
remainder of 1. The same number when divided by 4
gives a remainder of 3. Which of the following can be 25. If + + + = 1160;
the number?
(A) 109 (B) 71
+ + = 740
(C) 82 (D) 79 (Level-2)
21. How much greater is the smallest 5-digit number
with all different digits than the largest 4-digit number and – = 120, then the value of
with all different digits?
(A) 2469 (B) 88889
+ + + = _______.
(C) 358 (D) 2464 (Level-2)
22. is twice the difference between the 6th and the (A) 780 (B) 1020
th
10 multiple of 7. Find . (C) 1180 (D) 880 (Level-2)
 HINTS & EXPLANATIONS
SELF TEST-1 EXERCISE
1. (B) : 568972 + 248694 = 817666 1. (C) : 5 145 5 245
742861 + 156890 = 899751 29 29 7 49
And , 81766 < 899751 1 7 7
2. (B) : 15000 × 852 = 15000 × (800 + 50 + 2) 1
\ H.C.F. = 5
3. (C) : Cost of 1 AC = ` 75865
2. (B) : Greatest factor of 1728 = 1728
Estimated cost of 1 AC = ` 76000
Smallest factor of 1728 = 1
So, estimated cost of 410 AC’s = ` (76000 × 410)
\ Their sum = 1728 + 1 = 1729.
= ` 31160000
3. (A) : Required number is the H.C.F. of 30 and 45.
4. (B) : Let the other number be x.
2 30 3 45
According to question, we have
3 15 3 15
520 × x = 3133000
5 5 5 5
⇒ x = 3133000 ÷ 520
1 1
⇒ x = 6025
5. (D) : Seven million three hundred five thousand So, H.C.F. (30, 45) = 3 × 5 = 15
twenty = 7,305,020 4. (D) : Smallest 7-digit number formed from the
Three million one hundred one thousand fifty given digits = 1113456
= 3,101,050 Greatest 6-digit number formed from the given digits
\ Required difference = 7,305,020 – 3,101,050 = 665431
= 4,203,970 \ Required sum = 1113456 + 665431
= 1778887
SELF TEST-2
7 2 4 5
1. (C) : Factors of 75 = 1, 3, 5, 15, 25 and 75 5. (C) : 36 2 6 0 8 2 0
Factors of 90 = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15, 18, 30, 45 and 90 – 2 5 2
\ Common factors of 75 and 90 = 1, 3, 5, 15. 8 8
2. (B) – 7 2
3. (A) 1 6 2
4. (D) : Prime factorisation of 140 and 200 is – 1 4 4
2 140 2 200 1 8 0
2 70 2 100 – 1 8 0
5 35 2 50 0
7 7 5 25 6. (B) : 3rd multiple of 40 = 40 × 3 = 120
1 5 5 5th multiple of 46 = 46 × 5 = 230
1 \ Required difference = 230 – 120 = 110
So, 140 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 7. (A) : Prime factorisation of 240 is,
200 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 2 240
\ H.C.F. (140, 200) = 2 × 2 × 5 = 20 2 120
5. (C) : Prime factorisation of 45 and 105 is, 2 60
3 45 3 105 2 30
3 15 5 35 3 15
5 5 7 7 5 5
1 1 1

So, L.C.M. (45, 105) = 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 315 \ Prime factors of 240 are 2, 3 and 5.
8. (A) : Smallest 8-digit number = 10000000 25. (C) : 3rd multiple of 16 = 16 × 3 = 48
So, 10000000 ÷ 125 = 80000. 5th multiple of 18 = 18 × 5 = 90
9. (A) So, required number = 90 – 48 = 42.
10. (C) : Population of the city = 1045693 26. (B) : Maximum length of each piece is the H.C.F.
Number of males = 532564 of 12 and 18.
\ Number of females = 1045693 – 532564 2 12 2 18
= 513129 2 6 3 9
11. (B) : Prime numbers between 20 and 85 are 23, 29, 3 3 3 3
31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79 and 83 i.e., 1 1
15 in number. \ H.C.F. (12, 18) = 2 × 3 = 6
12. (B) : 200534 when rounding off to nearest hundreds \ Maximum length of each piece = 6 m
gives 200500 and 345126 when rounding off to nearest 27. (A) : Number of boxes = 2168
hundreds gives 345100. Number of packets of biscuits in each box = 120
Required sum = 200500 + 345100 = 545600. So, total number of packets of biscuits = 2168 × 120
= 260160
13. (D) : Sum of 2456837 and 2568398
= 2456837 + 2568398 = 5025235 28. (D) : 42163456 when rounding off to the nearest
\ Required difference = 6897252 – 5025235 thousands becomes 42163000.
= 1872017 51620132 when rounding off to the nearest thousands
becomes 51620000.
14. (C) : Amount of money in her account now
\ Required difference = 51620000 – 42163000
= ₹ (105689 – 5689 + 8569) = ₹ 108569
= 9457000
15. (D) : Number of books distributed in 45 cities
29. (B) : Required sum = 3302030 + 6201020 = 9503050
= 925920
\ Number of books distributed in 1 city 30. (D) : 2 12, 15, 20
= 925920 ÷ 45 = 20576 2 6, 15, 10
3 3, 15, 5
16. (A) : Required number
5 1, 5, 5
= 10000000 – 3412058 = 6587942
1, 1, 1
17. (C)
L.C.M. (12, 15, 20) = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 60
18. (A) : Factors of any prime number is either 1 or
So, the bells will ring together 60 minutes after 6 a.m.
the number itself. i.e., at 7 a.m.
19. (C) : Greatest 5-digit number formed from the 31. (A) : Product = 2nd multiple of 10 × 5th multiple of 7
given digits = 99532 = 20 × 35 = 700
Smallest 5-digit number formed from the given digits \ Required sum = 700 + 19 = 719
= 22359
32. (D) : Amount earned in a year = ₹ 46,72,000
\ Required difference = 99532 – 22359 = 77173.
Expenses = ₹ 7, 56, 824
20. (D) : MMMCCXCVI + MCCXLVI \ Amount of money saved = ₹(46,72,000 – 7,56,824)
= 3296 + 1246 = 4542 = ₹ 39,15,176
21. (D) : (A) 3rd multiple of 18 = 54 33. (A) : 7268 × 93 = 675924
(B) 2nd multiple of 12 = 24 34. (C) : Per month salary of a person = ₹ 42570
(C) 4th multiple of 17 = 68 \ Amount of money earned in a year
(D) 5th multiple of 14 = 70
 = ₹ (42570 × 12) = ₹ 510840
22. (B) : Total money earned = ₹ (20590 × 825) 35. (D) : Total number of books in the library
= ₹ 16986750
= 30 × 25 × 50 = 37500
23. (A) : Total number of plants = 2995 × 128 = 383360. 36. (B)
24. (B) : MMCCLII + CCXXXVI = 2252 + 236 = 2488 37. (B) : Number of stickers collected = 90528
MCCCXIV + MCCXVI = 1314 + 1216 = 2530 \ Number of stickers each friend get
As, 2488 < 2530 = 90528 ÷ 12 = 7544
38. (A) : According to question, we have ⇒ = 4620 – 3710 = 910
X – 49 = 1449 ⇒ X = 1449 + 49 = 1498
Now, required number = 1498 ÷ 214 = 7 So, + + + = 458 + 910 + 910 + 3252
39. (C) : 2 15, 20, 40 = 5530
2 15, 10, 20
3 2 4 5
2 15, 5, 10
47. (B) : 258 8 3 7 2 1 0
3 15, 5, 5
5 5, 5, 5 – 7 7 4
1, 1, 1 6 3 2
– 5 1 6
\ L.C.M. = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 120 1 1 6 1
40. (C) : Total number of apples = 69875 – 1 0 3 2
Number of apples in 1 box = 325 1 2 9 0
\ Number of boxes required = 69875 ÷ 325 = 215 – 1 2 9 0
41. (C) : 7th multiple of 18 = 7 × 18 = 126 0
5th multiple of 13 = 5 × 13 = 65 So, P = 3, Q = 5, R = 4 and S = 3
\ Required difference = 126 – 65 = 61 P +R−S 3+4−3 4
\ = =
42. (A) : Composite numbers are : 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, Q 5 5
44, 45, 46, 48 and 49 i.e., 10 in number.
48. (A)
43. (A) : 9549 × 38 = 362862
49. (B) : We have, × = 36
7256 + 8590 = 15846
As, 6 × 6 = 36
And, 362862 > 15846
So, =6
44. (B) : CDLXVII + MCCXV – CMXXIX
= 467 + 1215 – 929 = 753 Also, ÷ =8
45. (B) : Greatest 6-digit number formed from the or 48 ÷ 6 = 8
given digits = 888210 So, = 48
Smallest 6-digit number formed from the given digits
= 100028 And + = 50
\ Required sum = 888210 + 100028
= 988238 ⇒ = 50 – 48
46. (C) : We have,
⇒ =2
+ = 3710 ...(i)
Hence, + + = 6 + 48 + 2 = 56
and + + + = 10214
50. (C) : (i) Total number of books
⇒ 3710 + 2 = 10214 (Using (i))
= 4,52,568 + 3,46,802 = 7,99,370
⇒ 2 = 10214 – 3710 (ii) Required difference
= 4,52,568 – 3,46,802 = 1,05,766
⇒ 2 = 6504
SOF IMO 2019 QUESTIONS
⇒ = 6504 ÷ 2 = 3252 1. (A) : Prime factorisation of 168 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7
Prime factorisation of 315 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 7
Now, + 3252 = 3710
\ Common prime factors of 168 and 315 are 3 and 7.
⇒ = 3710 – 3252 = 458 So, sum = 3 + 7 = 10

Also, we have 2. (D) : We have, 4 × = 28

+ + = 4620
⇒ = 28 ÷ 4 = 7
⇒ + 3710 = 4620 (Using (i))
 12. (B) : We have,
Also, ÷ = 13
+ + = 1275  (i)

⇒ = 13 × 7 = 91
and – = 75

So, + = 91 + 7 = 98 ⇒ = 75 +
3. (A) : Number shown on abacus = 141302
So, required number = 141302 + 2529 = 143831 From (i), + + 75 + = 1275
4. (A) : (A) 30 × 10 + 50 × 100 = 300 + 5000 =5300
(B) 70 × 1 + 300 × 10 = 70 + 3000 = 3070 ⇒ 3 = 1275 – 75 = 1200
(C) 30 × 10 – 20 × 1 = 300 – 20 = 280
(D) 8 × 1000 – 60 × 100 = 8000 – 6000 = 2000 ⇒ = 1200 ÷ 3 = 400
5. (B) : We have, (M × 16) + 989 = 2749
⇒ 16M = 2749 – 989 ⇒ 16M = 1760 So, = 400 + 75 = 475
⇒ M = 1760 ÷ 16 = 110
So, twice of M = 2 × 110 = 220 13. (A) : Factors of 243 are 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, 243
So, required sum = 1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + 243 = 364
6. (B) : Number of days on which Divya reads pages
in a week = 5 14. (B) : Number of pens manufactures in a month
Number of pages she reads in 1 day = 225 = 2530900
Number of pens ordered = 17608 × 144 = 2535552
So, total pages she reads in 9 weeks
So, number of more pens should manufacture to complete
= 9 × 5 × 225
the order = 2535552 – 2530900 = 4652
= 45 × 225 = 10125
15. (C) : Amount of money earned in a month = ₹ 50480
7. (C) : Total number of balls = 52920 Total expenses in a month = ₹ 36500
Number of balls in 1 box = 420 So, total amount of money saved in one month
So, number of boxes required = 52920 ÷ 420 = 126 = ₹(50480 – 36500) = ₹ 13980
8. (A) : Total number of trees planted \ Total amount of money saved in one year
= 312250 + 234278 + 143581 = 690109 = ₹ (13980 × 12) = ₹ 167760
9. (B) : (i) Prime numbers between 73 and 94 are 79, 16. (D) : Number of plants in 329 rows = 403354
83, 89 i.e., 3 in number. 403354
\ Number of plants in 115 rows = × 115
(ii) L.C.M. of 32, 36 and 72 is 288. 329
= 140990
(iii) L.C.M. is the smallest number that on dividing by
17496
the given numbers leaves 0 remainder. 17. (B) : 132 2 3 0 9 5 4 2
(iv) 443272 ÷ 268 = 1654 –132
So, remainder is 0. 989
10. (B) : Marks obtained by Tarun = Second multiple –924
of 32 = 64 6 5 5
– 5 2 8 
Marks obtained by Manish = Fifth multiple of 17 = 85 12 7 4
Marks obtained by Vishal = Greatest factor of 45 = 45 –11 8 8
The correct descending order of boys according to their 862
marks is : Manish, Tarun, Vishal – 792
70
11. (D) : 4th multiple of 52 = 208 So, P = 7, Q = 4, R = 6 and S = 5
8th multiple of 37 = 296 (Q + R) ÷ (P − S) (4 + 6) ÷ (7 − 5)
So, sum = 208 + 296 = 504 Hence, =
S 5
Now, 504 = – 700 10 ÷ 2 5
= = =1
⇒ = 700 + 504 = 1204 5 5
18. (C) : (MDCLX + MMCCIX) – (MDCIV + CMXLVI)
= (1660 + 2209) – (1604 + 946) ⇒ = 120 +
= 3869 – 2550 = 1319 = MCCCXIX
19. (B) Now, + + + = 1160
20. (D)
21. (C) : Smallest 5-digit number = 10234 ⇒ + + 120 + + 120
Largest 4-digit number = 9876
\ Required difference = 10234 – 9876 = 358 + = 1160
22. (B) : 6 multiple of 7 = 42
th

10th multiple of 7 = 70 ⇒ 4 + 240 = 1160

\ Difference = 70 – 42 = 28
So, = 2 × 28 = 56
⇒ 4 = 1160 – 240 = 920
23. (C) : 2 42 3 63 3 105
3 21 3 21 5 35 ⇒ = 920 ÷ 4 = 230
7 7 7 7 7 7
1 1 1 So, = 120 + 230 = 350
\ H.C.F. = 3 × 7 = 21
L.C.M. = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 630 Now, + + = 740
24. (C) : Digit at lakhs place = H.C.F. (3, 7) = 1
Digit at tens place = Smallest odd prime number = 3
Digit at ten thousands place = 3rd multiple of 2 = 6 ⇒ + 230 + 350 = 740
Digit at ones place = 6 – 4 = 2
Digit at thousands place = 3 + 5 = 8 ⇒ = 740 – 580 = 160
Digit at hundreds place = 1 × 2 = 2
So, required number = 168232
So, + + +
25. (A) : Since, – = 120
= 230 + 160 + 160 + 230 = 780