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Non Interacting System

The document describes an experiment to study the step response of a two tank non-interacting liquid level system. The system uses two tanks connected such that fluid flows from Tank 1 to Tank 2. Transfer functions are derived relating the liquid level in each tank to the input flow rate. The experiment involves measuring the tanks' resistances, applying a step change in input flow, and comparing the theoretical and experimental step responses of the liquid level in Tank 2.

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Aathira S
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50 views

Non Interacting System

The document describes an experiment to study the step response of a two tank non-interacting liquid level system. The system uses two tanks connected such that fluid flows from Tank 1 to Tank 2. Transfer functions are derived relating the liquid level in each tank to the input flow rate. The experiment involves measuring the tanks' resistances, applying a step change in input flow, and comparing the theoretical and experimental step responses of the liquid level in Tank 2.

Uploaded by

Aathira S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO 8

NON INTERACTING SYSTEM

AIM

To study the step response of a two tank non interacting liquid level system and compare
the observed transient response with theoretical response.

APPARATUS

 Experimental setup
 Stop watch

THEORY

a3

h1 R1

Tank 1 q1

h2 R2

Tank 2

A physical system can be represented by several first order processes connected in series.
In these systems, liquid system having two tank is connected in which outlet flow from first tank
is the inlet flow to the second tank. The outlet flow from tank 1 discharges directly it into
atmosphere before spilling into tank 2 and the variation in tank 2 does not affect the transient
response occurring in the tank 1. This type of system is known as non interacting system.

Assume liquid is at constant density and the two tanks have uniform cross sectional area.
The flow resistance is linear. Our problem is to find the transfer function which relate h 2 to q. ie,
H2(S) to Q(S).

The approach is to obtain a transfer function Q1(S) / Q(S) and H2(S) / Q1(S) and
intermediate flow Q1(S) and produce desired transfer function.

According to basic principle for development of transfer function for tank 1is written as,

Where, Q1 = q1 – qS (S) , Q = q – qS(S)

Transfer function for tank 2 is,


2

Where, H2 = h2 – h2S, Ʈ2 = A2 R2

Multiply equation (1) and (2)

Therefore to obtain the overall transfer function simply multiply the individual transfer function
or step input of magnitude P is given to tank 1.

Taking inverse laplace transform;


The above equation represents the theoretical step response. The step experimental
response is determined from experimental data. The step response of system or conversion of
first order system, ie, S shaped and the response changes very slowly after introducing step input.
These obstructions or delay is called transfer lag and is always presentation or first order system
are connected inverse. For single first order function there is no transfer function.

PROCEDURE

1. Empty and clean the tank


2. Switch on the pump and open the inlet valve of tank 1 to rise the level such that water just
overflows from the two tanks.
3. Allow the level in the two tanks to reach the steady state values and note down the height of
water in the two tanks.
4. After steady state is obtained the steady state flow rate is measured.
5. Repeat the above procedure for three more trials.
6. The flow rate is plotted against level in tank. The slope of these lines gives the reciprocal of
resistance R1 and R2.
7. The inlet valve to tank 1 is adjusted to some position. The steady state level in tank 2 and
steady flow rate are measured.
8. Give a step input by suddenly changing the inlet flow rate and start the stop watch
simultaneously.
9. Note the height of water in second tank with time until the steady state height is reached.
10. Note down the steady state flow rate. The difference between steady state flow rate before
and after introducing step input is to magnitude.

RESULT

The step response of 2 tank non interacting liquid level system is obtained and is
compared with theoretical response.
OBSERVATION

1. Determination of resistance

α = 45oC h = 5cm

Time required for


Q = (a.h)/t
h1 h2 h1(S) = h1Sinα h2(S) = h2Sinα 5cm rise
Cm3/s
(cm)

Time required for 5cm rise in collecting tank,

Before step input = __________ sec

After step input = _________ sec

Area of collecting tank, a = l x b = 30 x 30 = 900 cm2

Area of tank 1 (A1) = 30 x 40 = 1200 cm2

Area of tank 2 (A2) = 30 x 40 = 1200 cm2

h1S = h1 Sinα = h1 Sin 45 = ________

h2S = h2 Sinα = h2 Sin 45 = ________

Q = a . h = _____________ cm3/s
t

H1(S) vs Q(S)
Q(S)
Slope = dy / dx

R1 = 1/ Slope

H1(S)

H2(S) vs Q(S)

Q(S)
Slope = dy / dx

R2 = 1/ Slope

H2(S)

2. Determination of step response

For step input,

Initial steady state flow rate, Q1 = a . h = 900 x 5 = _____________ cm3/s


t1 t1

Final steady state flow rate, Q2 = a . h = 900 x 5 = _____________ cm3/s


t2 t2

Step input = Final Steady state flow rate – Initial Steady state flow rate

= ___________ cm3/s

Experimental Theoretical
h2’ t(S) h2= h2’Sinα H2 = h2’- h2(S)
Response Response
Time constant of tank 1, Ʈ1 = A1 R1

Time constant of tank 2, Ʈ2 = A2 R2

Theoretical Response =

= _____________

Experimental Response = H2 = _______________


P R2

Response vs Time

Theoretical Response

Experimental Response
Experimental / theoretical Response

Time

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