Moment -

Area Method

*
Finding v1
day at a certain location of the beam .

First Moment - Area Theorem

* To find-dvld.it at a location

slope of the elastic curve or deflected shape for a tax

element makes a relative
'

do
'

angle
Using .

Ida,¥
F- = M

day
F. M
Idg
=
,
as = 0

do tax
change in
slope in the tax
length
¥1,
=

If ,
We know bending moment variation ,
we can derive 0 for B w.r.li A

↑ IM / First moment theorem

* area
)d×
-

Opya = F. I

A
counterclockwise is +re

M / EI
if is +ve

is in radians
OBIA
 Second Moment -
Area Theorem :

Objective : To determine deflection .

[tangential deflectio]n
From the note the intersect
tangent 1 Slope) at pt .
A

with vertical line

corresponding to B.

The vertical distance

'
btw . B&B istBla .

also referred as
tangential deviation .

let = Nido =
MI tax N
,
is distance
from B
EI to Mima where distance btw Mlmz →0
,

IntegraTing B B B B

/
,

flat =/ "¥¥✗_ M , trsn .

=/ ME EI
tax = ñ
EI
tax

A A a p

B
Ñ is the location of the centroid for MIEI curve from .

First moment of the area under the M EI / curve btw AIB

. .
wit B .

[ moment ]
arm
 Determine the slope &
deflection at B cantilever beam
of the .

Ma -
- PL Procedure : Finding Slope
1 Step Draw BMD for the beam
A P 1 :

My "%
.

B
Step 2 : Draw M EI/
RA ,
,
h
1

Steps : Locate a point on the beam where

slope to )
0 is known .
This point serves as
reference for
•
Moment -
area method .

In this case at A. On .
= 0 .

{ -
ve means Mlxlis 2.3
p,
Step 4 : Determine
-

using first
OB w.r.tn moment

area theorem .

0 # Basically ,
area of the M EI / curve between
• A &B .

OB/a =↑M_ EI
da
A

•
It?¥) '
-1¥
-

Bla
_

PYEI M / EI
-

diagram ,

P
- - - -
0A
↓ -

ve means 2.

A BB Absolute measure in this case % On:-O

here
* E) •
•
 Determine the slope &
deflection at B cantilever beam
of the .

Procedure : Finding Deflection

1 Step Draw BMD for the beam
A P 1 : .

¥
,

Step 2 : Draw M EI /
,
,
, ,B
o Steps : Locate a point on the beam where
deflation
•
is known .
This point serves as
reference for
moment _
area method .

In this case at A, VA -0
-

{ Mlxlisa }
.

-
PL -
ve means

Step 4 : Determine the centroid of the area between

0 # A IB on the M / EI plot .

Here Ñ ,
=
243 ( from B)
B
M
/EI M / EI Steps : Calculate 1-
ñEI)d✗
-

diagram Bla
=

It '÷É ) ( É )
◦A

a-
- - -

toga =

B - w

Area I
¥
on

/
M F- I

t.BA =
VB = -
PP { -

means
ve

TEI te deflection }

9h this case
tryn .
=
VB °o° Va I.On:-O.
1-2 Determine the
deflection for BIC
assuming EI is constant .

MA A B Mo Procedure :
42 c.

↑ 4%
' "
Draw BMD for the beam
•

a.) step 1 : .

↑RA
•
"
"
,
L
, Step 2 : Draw M EI /
A B G

" Steps : Locate a point on the beam where

deflection Iv)
-
Mo is known .
This point serves as
reference for
TÉI
' '
ñis moment _
area method .

◦A In this case at A. VA :O

Ppp
- - - - C

A
}ᵗuastep 4 : Determine the centroid
ᵗBIA c
' for area
B
btw .
AIB

w.r.li B .

ÑB =
44 .

tpyn.ir/M-dx EI
A

↳in _
=

HEY;-) -4
tbh .
=

-%÷¥
Similarly for ,
l ñc =
42

to/a = V
,
= -

MI
LEI
 Determine on &
¥3 & % for beam
length 2
flexural rigidity IEI) constant

/ b
Procedure : Ending
¥
"
* →← →

Step 18 Draw BMD

⇐
° 1¥
A B

K
L
*
Step 2 : Convert BMD to M / El
diagram

ÉB
D Steps : Challenge lies in finding 0ps
"

using
A moment -
area method .

'
There is no point where we know the
;D TBIA slope .

Di
t,
we can use second moment -
area
'
theorem to find tpyn
¥¥ B .

tpya = ÑA ,
where A is area under MIEI curve

btw . AIB .

to TB/ A
=
AÑ +
Azñ ,

Cf b

MIEI diagram .
=

¥17,113b) Haa:!& ) / :) + b+

Simplify ,
*

/ that %f÷ It b) + Since its relative

deflection even thought
The
VA -0-

.
use of moment
area will lead to error

Assuming small deformation as on -10

-

. .

/ tan oaf / Oa / Pad It b)

' '
=
B-B +
,
where BB is
tpya
_
AB GEIL

deflected
*
.

use intuition that the beam is ↓ i. On .

is ve
-
 Determine % Geometry
From
geometry ☐ ☐, = a g-
" ᵗʰ± " + "
" I •
=
A
actual deviation GEIL
→
①
DD , TB / A
'

to /a
'
= DD + D D →
,
=

Di
Now , D 'D , is the
deflection of D when
using
A as reference .

t ,
second moment area theorem btw AID Dis
reference '
B
.
.

centroid
for .

¥÷
tan:-D 'D ,
=

(G) (EET .az) Area under curve

,=M±=
.

↳ id pom☐- AID
②
=÷¥¥ ,

/ %/ P¥,÷ 11+4 tP¥,¥ PAI

'
=
DD =
-

EIL
*
We have to intuition that deflection of beam @ Dis te
apply
o!
Vp will be -
ve .
 supports &
Ay Find On &
.
OB at the deflection at the mid -

point .

Mo

7 Again for find OAIOB we are ,

not able to find a reference point with

⇐
a is
known O.io we use second moment
h
k *
theorem .

'

tbh .
= BB
tangential deviation
Mo/2EI °
/EI ofB B writ tangent from A.
0
I TBIA = ÑB / µ /EI ) tax
i a

B
ÑB Centroid the under
A
for
C =
area

Mo /EI M
/ EI btw AIB writ axis about
diagram B.
.

TNA
/
% ? µ ÑB =
43 .

'
,
µ

↳a-
l¥÷H :)
=

TB/A
¥ %÷¥
=

OB
:
-

i.
_

Next , On
.=ᵗBl;pfBB
'

M;÷±
B =

Since, simply supported beam we

this is a
,
need to have an intuition of the

deflected shape based of which we know 0A is ↓ .

Ña= 243 .

Similarly OB
talk TAIB
(5) (%¥±)
= -

_
•
,

↑ ( Based intuition )
OB=Mg÷ ,
on
 Strain Energy in Beams

Strain & shear contributions

Energy in beam arises
from
& slender beam The
bending .

However ,
for a
long .

shñUi to strain
energy
is
neglected
pure
Bending is assumed .

1-2 !
U = 6. Edit within the elastic limit

⇐ ] [as]
× =

M¥
Now ,
•
b
= F- Eb tall dad ×
=

&

t.fg.IN =¥¥ ;-)

'
U Y d" Y'da da
=
=

/ y dart second moment of

'
I Direct
area
gnteg ration
=

MacKay 's Method

12-1,M,
is dx [ pure beam ]
V =

bending in Moment -
Area method
strain method
Energy

Castiglione 's Theorem :* Find

Deflections [ ] for v a beam
using strain
energy .

Slope [ 0]
L Pi
" =

Epi =

a¥fY÷±d✗ / ¥¥d¥pid× =
¥-7
0
1-

Pi : External Force at the section , vii. Deflection at the section .

 Similarly slope
,
at a location Ii )

E-
Aadmi
Mi 8 External moment at the section /location lil .

D- I Find
Deflection B
at point using Castiglioni MIXtheorem
) Pn =
-

↓ 1) Find Strain Energy for

A "
o≤x≤ L
%
u¥¥;÷a×=¥É÷=É7÷•
i

% ʰ
•

I 1

azo Next
•

( te ) along the lair PB

%
2¥ }P¥-± of
= =

Pn
.

,
-
PL

D- 2 Find the slope lol at the free end .

A
B Mo
Bending moment
¥ •

)
•

Strain
MIN ) = -

Mo

Energy
,
.

A B

↑÷±d× =L
"
.

-1¥, -7% OB DI
Mg÷ [ ] Alongdir
-

_ = ↓
DMB , same
as Mo
 D-3 Determine &
the slope deflection at the free end
using strain
energy
method .

This
A
1,1% problem can be approached using
¥
,
•

)
•

B
a.
A
principles of superposition
↓
"
A
.

Mo

¥ ¥
°
"
•

t ? =

;
•

A B , , B P
A
↓
,
Mo

Mo
'

Mk ) : -
Mo Pu
-

¥
,
•

§
•

This that the BMD problems be

means
for both can
•

in Oliviaally &
found superimposed to
get the overall effect .

Mo PL
Furthermore
- -

the
*
, deflection &
slope can be obtained in

parts I superimposed to the overall effect .

Overall ,
Bending moment :

1) Mln) = -

Mo -

Pn Total BM
L
L

2) U =

◦
/ Mdx LEI
=
¥, ! 1- Px -
Mo )2d× -

① area

Curve .
under the

3) Next Ops , will be derived

[

0ps lad
-
-
=
+1%11-11 tax =

+1,7¥ 12]
de Mo EI
p→ Due
o
& to Mo
Due to
.

0-2
Q I
Next VB
-

,
:
V
B
=
21 = PI MOI [ ti ] +

tap 3 EI ZEI
" ↳
Point load moment
* Note : Strain contributions due to Mo & P be added find total
energy
cannot to .

HoweverVrs derived
,
each
for case can be
superimposed to
get the overall .

Refer 01,02 Here vp.is sum

. ,
of expression from D- I & 0-2 .

same is true OB & for used of superposition .

Ay Determine the slope & deflection at A for the beam .

For
w
finding v & 0 at a
pt .
we assume a
dummy
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ bone or moment to
find the strain
energy
¥
.

Then find G. 2¥ Oi 21
too % Mi
=
or =
or = 0
.

, , am ;
↑ '

MIA
is
at wxz as
da¥g wk )
=
-
-
=

To include the effect of dummy force da -0

-

W
*
↓ ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !¥ Mk) oax wxz
±
= -
-

%
" QA Next L
,

↑
=a%a ↓¥¥%%a&×
'

is VA =

211 =
-
× can be substituted above
Ada
L

[ ]
!
VA [ Dax g- wxz] tax
¥1
n
-
= - -

*
set da :O as it was a
dummy force
4-
=s¥¥ [ ↓ ] along the dim
of Qa
 Finding slope [ On )
.
at A : late assume
dummy moment at A.
w write the 141×1 expression :
↓ ! ! !! ! ! ! ! !
↳ ¥ Mk ) = -

Ma
-

j
Wi

Ma
, l

9-
=d¥%= ±M%÷aᵈ×
Next
↑ L .

1¥:-. "

A-
,¥ / f-{ WH ) / 1) tax
=
-

Ma -

*
Set Ma -0 -

On [↓] Along assumed dim

of
Y¥= ma
=