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Statistics and Probability: Quarter 4 - Module 1: Testing Hypothesis

The mean height of Grade 8 students is 58 inches. The mean height of Grade 8 students is not 58 inches. The average time for LPIHS students to graduate from high school is four years or less. The average time for LPIHS students to graduate from high school is more than four years. It takes 60 minutes or less to answer the quarterly test in Calculus. It takes more than 60 minutes to answer the quarterly test in Calculus.

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Rainee Anne Devera
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66 views

Statistics and Probability: Quarter 4 - Module 1: Testing Hypothesis

The mean height of Grade 8 students is 58 inches. The mean height of Grade 8 students is not 58 inches. The average time for LPIHS students to graduate from high school is four years or less. The average time for LPIHS students to graduate from high school is more than four years. It takes 60 minutes or less to answer the quarterly test in Calculus. It takes more than 60 minutes to answer the quarterly test in Calculus.

Uploaded by

Rainee Anne Devera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Testing Hypothesis
What is It

Hypothesis testing is a statistical method applied in making decisions using


experimental data. Hypothesis testing is basically testing an assumption that we
make about a population.

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation, assertion, or assumption about a


population parameter or about the distribution of a random variable.

Here are the examples of questions you can answer with a hypothesis test:
 Does the mean height of Grade 12 students differ from 66 inches?
 Do male and female Grade 7 and Grade 12 students differ in height on
average?
 Is the proportion of senior male students’ height significantly higher than
that of senior female students?

Key Terms and Concepts Used in Test Hypothesis

The Null and Alternative Hypothesis


 The null hypothesis is an initial claim based on previous analyses,
which the researcher tries to disprove, reject, or nullify. It shows no
significant difference between two parameters. It is denoted by 𝐻𝑜.
 The alternative hypothesis is contrary to the null hypothesis, which
shows that observations are the result of a real effect. It is denoted by
𝐻𝑎.

Note: You can think of the null hypothesis as the current value of the
population parameter, which you hope to disprove in favor of your
alternative hypothesis.

Take a look at this example.


The school record claims that the mean score in Math of the incoming Grade
11 students is 81. The teacher wishes to find out if the claim is true. She tests if
there is a significant difference between the batch mean score and the mean score of
students in her class.

Solution:
Let 𝜇 be the population mean score and be the mean score of students in
her class.
You may select any of the following statements as your null and alternative
hypothesis as shown in Option 1 and Option 2.
7
Option 1:
𝐻𝑜: The mean score of the incoming Grade 11 students is 81 or 𝜇 = 81.
𝐻𝑎: The mean score of the incoming Grade 11 students is not 81 or 𝜇 ≠ 81.

Option 2:
𝐻𝑜: The mean score of the incoming Grade 11 students has no significant difference
with the mean score of her students or 𝜇 = .
𝐻𝑎: The mean score of the incoming Grade 11 students has a significant difference
with the mean score of her students or 𝜇 ≠ .

Now, it’s your turn!


Based on the first claim of Sofia in Activity 2 that “the average
daily usage of social media of her friends is the same as the
global average usage”, formulate two hypotheses about the
global average usage (𝜇) and the average usage of her friends ( )
on the blanks provided below.
𝐻𝑜 :
𝐻𝑎 :
You can verify your answer below and start working on the next activity.

𝐻𝑜: The average daily usage of Sofia’s friends is the same as the global average usage.
𝐻𝑎: The average daily usage of Sofia’s friends is not the same as the global average usage.

Here is another key term you should know!


Level of Significance
 The level of significance denoted by alpha or 𝛂 refers to the degree of
significance in which we accept or reject the null hypothesis.
 100% accuracy is not possible in accepting or rejecting a hypothesis.
 The significance level α is also the probability of making the wrong decision
when the null hypothesis is true. 

Do you know that the most common levels of significance used are 1%, 5%, or 10%?
Some statistics books can provide us table of values for these levels of significance.
Activity 1.1
Null Vs Alternative

State the null and the alternative hypotheses of the following statements.
1. We want to test whether the mean height of Grade 8 students is 58 inches.
𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
𝐻𝑎:____________________________________________________

2. We want to test if LPIHS students take more than four years to graduate from high
school, on the average.
𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
𝐻𝑎: ____________________________________________________

3. We want to test if it takes less than 60 minutes to answer the quarterly test in
Calculus.
𝐻𝑜: ____________________________________________________
𝐻𝑎: ____________________________________________________

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