Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Magnets are basically objects which attract magnetic substances.
Magnets are of two types –
1. Natural magnets – Eg Loadstone.

2. Artificial magnets – Bar Magnet, Horse – shoe magnet etc.
Artificial Magnets are of two types –
1. Permanent magnet – Which retain their magnetism when the external magnetic field
or the current flowing is removed. Eg bar magnet, Horse-shoe
2. Temporary magnet – Which lose their magnetism when the external magnetic field or
the current flowing is removed. Eg Electromagnets
Oesterd observed that when a compass which is a permanent magnet is brought near to a
current carrying wire, the needle of compass shows deflection. He also observed that if we
reverse the direction of the current the deflection of the needle also reverses.
When current flows through any conducting wire it produces a magnetic field around
it. This is known as Magnetic Effect of Electric current.
Magnetic Field – it is a region around a magnet where its influence/ magnetic force could be
felt.
Magnetic Field Intensity (B) – the intensity or strength of magnetic field present in a given
magnetic field. SI unit Tesla (T)
Factors on which magnetic field intensity around a current carrying conductor depends –
• Magnetic field intensity is directly proportional to the value of current flowing.

• The distance of the current carrying conductor from the point where field intensity is
calculated are inversely proportional to each other.
Magnetic field Lines – These are imaginary lines around a magnet which give us the
direction of magnetic field at any point.
Properties of magnetic field lines around a bar magnet –

• Outside the magnet they are curved loops from N pole of magnet to S pole of magnet.
Inside the magnet the run parallel to each other from S to N.
• Tangent drawn at any point on the magnetic field lines gives the direction of magnetic
field at that point.
• They form closed loops.
• They cannot have any sudden breaks in between them. They are continuous curves.
• The degree of closeness of magnetic field lines gives us the relative strength of the
magnetic field intensity.
• Two magnetic field lines cannot intersect because at the point of intersection there are
two directions of magnetic field possible which cannot happen.
Note-
• If magnetic field lines are directed inwards the plane of paper they are
represented as a cross
• If magnetic field lines are directed outwards the plane of paper they
are represented as a dot
Magnetic field lines around a bar magnet –
Magnetic field lines a straight current carrying wire –
Magnetic Field due to current

carrying long conductor depends on
𝐵 ∝𝐼
1
𝐵 ∝
𝑟
Right Hand thumb Rule states that if we coil our hand around a current carrying wire such
that the thumb is pointing towards the direction of flow of current, then the direction of
magnetic field is given by the fingers coiling around it.
Magnetic Field due to current carrying loop
Magnetic Field due to current carrying long

conductor depends on
𝐵 ∝𝐼
𝐵 ∝ 𝑁 (𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠)
𝐵 ∝𝐼
Note - A current carrying loop behaves like a

magnetic dipole or bar magnet
Magnetic field due to a current carrying coil

Note: A current carrying coil behaves like a bar magnet.
Solenoid is current carrying coil with a very large

number of turns tightly wound to each other
• More is the number of turns per unit length

in the solenoid stronger will be the
magnetic field.
• Greater is the value of the current flowing
stronger is the magnetic field.
• Material inside the coil.
Electromagnet –
It contains two parts – a coil and a core
An electromagnet is formed when a coil with

very large number of turns is wind on a soft iron
core. The core increases the magnetic field
intensity produced.
Applications –In Junkyards, in fans, in electric motor, in power stations, in bullet train etc.
Force experienced by a current carrying conductor

inside an external magnetic field.
F = BIL
When we place a current carrying conductor near a
magnet, it experiences a force called as Lorentz force.
This force experienced by the conductor depends on –
• Strength of the Magnetic field (B)

• Value of the current flowing (I)
• Length of the conductor (L)
Direction of the force being applied by the magnet on the conductor is given by Flemings
Left Hand Rule.
According to the Fleming’s Left Hand rule,

stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger
of your left hand such that they are mutually
perpendicular. If the first finger points in the
direction of magnetic field and the second
finger in the direction of current, then the
thumb will point in the direction of motion or
the force acting on the conductor.
Q Find the direction of the force being acting of the current carrying conductor in the
following diagrams.
ANS
Questions for Practice –
Alternating Current - A current whose direction or magnitude or both changes wrt time.
Direct Current - A current whose direction and magnitude remain constant with time.
Q Suppose you are standing beside a wall. The electron beam is coming towards you. In
which direction should the magnetic field be applied so that the electron beam should get
deflected in upward direction?
Ans Since the electron beam is moving towards us the current is flowing away from us.
Using Flemings Left Hand Rule we should apply magnetic field from East to West direction
in order to deflect the electron beam in upward direction
(NOTE – Direction of current is always opposite to direction of negative charge.)
DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

Live Wire – It is the wire which carries current in the circuit. It is usually of red colour.
Sometimes it is given a yellow insulation also.
Neutral Wire – It is a wire which balances the live wire and completes the circuit. It is
generally of black colour. However sometimes it is also given a blue insulation also.
Earth Wire – It is the wire which is connected to earth and carries excessive current into the
ground if in case any current gets leaked on the surface of the device. It has green colour
insulation.
Short Circuit – It is a condition in which live and neutral wire touch each other directly thus
making the circuit short and current increases infinitely.
Overloading – It is when too many devices are connected to the same socket thus extracting
too much of current at time. Thus overloading the circuit.

Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

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Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Magnets are basically objects which attract magnetic substances.

Magnets are of two types –

1. Natural magnets – Eg Loadstone.

Artificial Magnets are of two types –

• Magnetic field intensity is directly proportional to the value of current flowing.

Properties of magnetic field lines around a bar magnet –

Magnetic field lines around a bar magnet –

Magnetic field lines a straight current carrying wire –

Magnetic Field due to current

Magnetic Field due to current carrying long

Note - A current carrying loop behaves like a

Magnetic field due to a current carrying coil

Solenoid is current carrying coil with a very large

• More is the number of turns per unit length

It contains two parts – a coil and a core

An electromagnet is formed when a coil with

Force experienced by a current carrying conductor

• Strength of the Magnetic field (B)

According to the Fleming’s Left Hand rule,

Questions for Practice –

DOMESTIC ELECTRIC CIRCUIT

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