Notes DRRR 6.2

DRRR: VOLCANIC HAZARDS (6)
LECTURE — DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION

STEM 12 | PROF: CHRISTOPHER BALANAY | SEM 2
MAIN FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE

BUILDUP OF WATER LEVEL DURING A
SUB-TOPIC STORM SURGE
EXTRA (MISC)
1. Storm intensity (Wind speed)
2. Pressure effect
6.2 STORM SURGE 3. Size
4. Storm forward speed
➢ is an unusual localized increase in 5. Angle of approach to coast
seawater level beyond the 6. Effect of the Earth's rotation
predicted astronomical tide level, 7. Rainfall effect
primarily due to intense winds and 8. Geometry of coastal area
reduced atmospheric pressure (bathymetry, topography,
during the passage of an intense coastline shape, and local
tropical cyclone from sea to land. features)
➢ Storm surges are the primary cause a. Bathymetry - is the
of about 90% of casualties and appearance of the ocean or
damage to properties in coastal sea bottom resulting from the
areas during a tropical cyclone. variation in depth in different
➢ According to the World Factbook the portions.
Philippines has a total coastline b. Topography - also has an
length of 36,289 km, making it the influence on storm surge
fourth longest in the world. On the extent. Wide, low-lying areas
other hand, the World Resources with elevation of only a few
Institute puts the Philippines' total meters above sea level are
coastline length at 33,900 km, vulnerable to storm surges.
making it the eight longest in the c. The shape of the coastline
world. also affects the behavior of a
➢ In terms of magnitude and extent, storm surge. Storm surge
storm surges are similar to and often level is higher when a
mistaken for tsunamis. Tsunami tropical cyclone hits a
literally means "harbor wave" in concave coastline. This is
Japanese. Strictly speaking, this because of the funneling
term pertains to a seismic sea wave. effect, which is simply the
These terms are often interchanged. entrapment in a smaller
Like a storm surge tsunamis can accommodation space of
reach heights of more than 10 m. water being dumped by the
strong winds.
d. man-made and natural
local features found within
DRRR: VOLCANIC HAZARDS (6)
LECTURE — DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION
STEM 12 | PROF: CHRISTOPHER BALANAY | SEM 2
the coastal area may affect preserving mangrove forests along

the flow of water and the shores and forests just inland of the
behavior of the storm surge. beach as the roots and branches
Sea walls, breakwaters, slow down the velocity of water flow,
mangroves, coral reefs, and preserving levees along rivers to
onshore vegetation, sand maintain elevation of areas beside
dunes, and berms, to some rivers sufficiently above sea level.
extent, may weaken a storm
surge.
What to Do in the Event of an
9. Timing Impending Storm Surge
STORM SURGE RISK-REDUCTION 1. During an unusually strong tropical

MEASURES cyclone, keep listening to official warning of
storm surges issued by PAGASA through
1. Storm surge prediction, hazard television or radio
map preparation, and zoning - 2. Find the nearest safe high ground where
Computer programs employing you can evacuate. An area of high elevation
mathematical models are now being should be identified way ahead of time
used simulate natural processes like especially if you are living in a low-lying
storm surges and to predict the area, like along the coast or near river
potential location and extent of channels.
flooding. These require accurate 3. When evacuating, bring only what is
numerical input values to describe important and essential. You do not want to
parameters like wind speed, tropical be bogged down by bringing along so many
cyclone size, atmospheric pressure, things.
place and time of land fall, tide 4. Your planned evacuation route should
levels, wave and river flow rate, and avoid streams, drainage channels, and any
the configuration of the coastal area. other conduits of water as flashfloods can
2. Construction of storm surge occur and can be life-threatening.
barriers - Storm surge barriers are
gate-like, hard engineering
EXTRA (MISC)
structures installed in front of tidal
2013 Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) Leyte Storm
inlets, rivers, and estuaries which
Surge Tragedy
are closed before impending
● On November 8, 2013, Typhoon
extreme water level increase, like Yolanda (Intl name: Haiyan) made
storm surges. landfall initially on Guiuan, Samar, on
3. Wetland protection - Storm surges the eastern seaboard of the Philippines.
can also be reduced significantly by ● Typhoon Yolanda was characterized by
protecting offshore barriers islands one-minute sustained speed of 314
and coral reefs which act as "shock km/h and 10-min sustained speed of
absorbers" during storm surges, 230 km/h. More than 6k d, 1k m, 30k
injured.

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DRRR: VOLCANIC HAZARDS (6)

LECTURE — DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION

MAIN FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE

the coastal area may affect preserving mangrove forests along

STORM SURGE RISK-REDUCTION 1. During an unusually strong tropical

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