BIRLA VISHVAKARMA MAHAVIDYALAYA

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT

INTERNSHIP REPORT

Industry: National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO

Topic: ISROGo Robot

Name: Shruti Jha

Roll Number: 19EC430
 ABSTRACT

This report presents ISROGo, a robot to be designed for the National Remote Sensing Centre,
(ISRO) to move on four wheels and provide explanations of exhibits in an exhibition. The robot
is equipped with a various sensor, including a camera and an inbuilt chatbot. It can navigate its
environment and avoid obstacles. The robot also includes a speech synthesis artificial
intelligence module and a natural language processing system (Mycroft) that enables it to
communicate with visitors and provide informative explanations of the exhibits.
The report describes the design and development of ISROGo, as well as its performance in a
simulated exhibition environment. The report also discusses the potential applications of
ISROGo in areas such as museums, science centres, and other educational settings. Overall,
ISROGo represents a significant advancement in the field of robotics and has the potential to
enhance the visitor experience in exhibitions by providing engaging and informative
explanations of exhibits.
 INTRODUCTION

About ISRO:
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is the primary space agency of the
Government of India. Founded in 1969, it is headquartered in the city of Bengaluru and
operates under the Department of Space. ISRO's primary objective is to develop space
technology and applications for the benefit of India and other countries. Over the years, ISRO
has achieved several milestones and made significant contributions to India's space program.
One of ISRO's most notable achievements is the development of the Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV), which is used to launch satellites into low Earth orbit. Since its first successful
launch in 1993, the PSLV has become one of the most reliable launch vehicles in the world,
with a success rate of over 95%. ISRO has also developed the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch
Vehicle (GSLV), which is used to launch communication and weather satellites into
geostationary orbit.
ISRO has undertaken several important space missions, including the Chandrayaan-1 lunar
mission in 2008, which discovered water on the moon, and the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM)
in 2014, which made India the first country in the world to successfully put a satellite into Mars
orbit on its first attempt. In addition, ISRO has also launched several remote sensing satellites
that are used for earth observation, natural resource management, and disaster management.
ISRO's achievements have not gone unnoticed, and the organization has been recognized by
several international bodies for its contributions to space science and technology. In 2019,
ISRO was awarded the Gandhi Peace Prize for its efforts in using space technology for the
socio-economic development of India, and in 2021, it received the International Astronautical
Federation (IAF) World Space Award.
ISRO's ongoing efforts include the development of the Gaganyaan program, which aims to
send Indian astronauts into space, and the development of a new heavy-lift launch vehicle, the
SSLV. These initiatives are expected to further enhance India's capabilities in the field of space
technology and help position the country as a major player in the global space industry.
About NRSC:
The National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) is an autonomous organization under the
Department of Space, Government of India. It is responsible for providing remote sensing
services to various government agencies and private organizations in India. The NRSC was
established in 1978 with the objective of harnessing space technology for natural resource
management and environmental monitoring. Since then, it has played a vital role in supporting
the country's development by providing reliable and accurate remote sensing data.
The NRSC is headquartered in Hyderabad and has four Regional Remote Sensing Centres
(RRSCs) located in Kolkata, Jodhpur, Dehradun, and Nagpur. These centres are responsible
for data acquisition, processing, and dissemination of remote sensing data for their respective
regions. The NRSC also has a number of ground-receiving stations located across the country,
which receive and process data from various remote sensing satellites.
The NRSC provides a wide range of remote sensing services, including satellite data
acquisition, processing and interpretation, aerial photography, and geospatial data analysis. Its
services are used for various applications such as agriculture, water resources management,
urban planning, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. The NRSC has played a
significant role in supporting various national programs such as Swachh Bharat Mission, Smart
Cities Mission, Digital India, and Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana. It has also collaborated
with several international organizations and has provided remote sensing data to various
countries in the South Asian region.

About ISROGo:
A Robot, which has mobility and talking capabilities. This Robot is designed for exhibitions,
for communicating and smartly describing the exhibits. ISROGo could mean "ISRO Goes On"
as a play on words, suggesting that the robot can explore and move on its own, much like how
ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) explores and extends our understanding of space.
ISROGo is a cutting-edge exhibition robot designed to bring innovation and excitement to
exhibitions and events. This robot has been designed to provide visitors with an interactive and
engaging experience through its mobility and talking capabilities. ISROGo sets itself apart
from other robots in the field of robotics with its unique design and features, making it an ideal
solution for enhancing the viewing experience of attendees.
 BACKGROUND

The popularity of wheeled mobile robots has been increasing in recent years due to their various
applications in everyday life. With advancements in technology, there is a growing demand for
four-wheeled robots. Research and development of more advanced wheeled mobile robots have
been increasing to meet this demand. Standard or fixed wheels are more efficient and accurate
for indoor design applications compared to Omni or mecanum wheels, which offer similar
manoeuvrability. To improve the performance of four-wheel steering mobile robots, it is
necessary to overcome issues such as payload uncertainty, system uncertainties, and unknown
disturbances.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

The lack of a versatile and interactive robot that can provide an engaging and educational
experience in exhibitions and museums, incorporating QR code scanning with speech
recognition and synthesis technology. This project aims to address this issue by designing and
implementing a 4-wheeled robot equipped with features such as walking capabilities, speech
recognition, QR code scanning, and exhibit description. Utilizing cutting-edge technology such
as OpenCV and AI, the robot will provide an innovative and interactive way to explore
exhibitions and museums, enhancing the overall experience for visitors.

GOAL

The goal of this project is to create a versatile and engaging robot that improves the educational
experience for visitors in exhibitions and museums. By incorporating QR code scanning with
AI speech recognition and synthesis technology, the robot will provide a new and innovative
way to explore and learn about exhibits, increasing engagement and enhancing the overall
visitor experience.
 COMPONENTS
• Sensors (e.g. camera, microphones, infrared, etc.) for data input
• Actuators (e.g. motors, grippers, etc.) for physical movement
• Artificial intelligence algorithms for decision making
• Wireless communication for remote control/monitoring
• User interface for interaction Power source (e.g. battery)
• Mechanical design for stability and durability
• Obstacle avoidance capabilities Localization and mapping capabilities
• Path planning and navigation.
• Arduino Mega, Arduino 33 BLE Sense, Raspberry Pi Model 3B
• 12V Voltage Regulator, Battery Pack
• 12V 2 Camera Modules
• 2 Bluetooth Modules
• 1 SanDisk MicroSD Card (Min. 8GB) USB Microphone Ultrasonic, IR sensors
Stepper & Servo Motors
• ReSpeaker 2-Mics Pi HAT & Fan TFT Screen, QR Code Scanner
• Add ons - Breadboards, Jumper wires & connector S500, temp., flame, humidity
sensor, soldering iron, LCD Screens, RFID Technology.

FUNCTIONALITY AND METHODOLOGY

• Walking: The robot should be able to move around on its 4 wheels.

• Speech recognition: The robot should be able to recognize and respond to voice
commands from visitors.
• QR code scanning: The robot should be able to scan QR codes and extract the
information contained within.
• Exhibit description: The robot should be able to provide spoken descriptions of exhibits
based on the information obtained from QR code scanning.
• Object recognition: The robot may be equipped with object recognition technology to
identify and describe exhibits.
• Artificial intelligence: The robot may use AI algorithms to improve its speech
recognition, object recognition, and exhibit description capabilities.
• Internet connection: The robot will be equipped with an internet connection to
communicate with its users and provide additional information as needed.
• Interaction with users: The robot may be able to ask users if they are aware of relevant
information and provide explanations as needed.
 PHASES OF ROBOT BUILDING
The first phase of robot building:
Approach 1: Line the following robot with QR scanner identification
Pros:
• Precise Navigation: Line-following robots can navigate very precisely, following a
specific path that is predetermined by the line. This can be very useful in situations
where accurate navigation is required, such as in manufacturing processes or warehouse
operations.
• Easy to build: Line following robots are relatively easy to build, as they require only a
few sensors and basic programming knowledge. They can be a good choice for
hobbyists or students who want to learn about robotics.
• Cost-effective: Compared to other types of robots, line-following robots are relatively
inexpensive to build and operate, as they require only a few components.
• Can be used for multiple applications: Line following robots can be used in various
applications, such as in agriculture, warehouse and inventory management, and
manufacturing processes.

Cons:
• Limited to a specific path: Line-following robots are limited to following a specific path
that is predetermined by the line. They cannot adapt to new situations or paths without
reprogramming or redesigning the robot.
• Sensitivity to lighting conditions: Line-following robots rely on sensors to detect the
line, and they can be affected by lighting conditions. For example, if the lighting is too
bright or too dim, the robot may have difficulty following the line.
• Limited obstacle avoidance: Line-following robots are not designed to avoid obstacles,
and they may collide with objects in their path if they are not programmed to stop or
change direction.
• Limited functionality: Line-following robots are designed to follow a specific path and
may not be suitable for tasks that require more complex movements or actions. They
are best suited for tasks that require simple navigation along a predetermined path.

Approach 2: RFID and Camera based robot

Pros:
• Identification of objects: The robot is equipped with an RFID reader, which can detect
and read RFID tags attached to objects. This enables the robot to identify specific
objects and their locations.
• Automated navigation: Once the robot has identified the object it needs to move, it can
use its onboard sensors and algorithms to navigate to the object's location without
human intervention.
 • Increased efficiency: By automating the process of identifying and moving objects, an
RFID-based robot can improve efficiency and reduce the time and effort required for
these tasks.
• Cost-effective: Compared to other types of automation systems, RFID-based robots can
be relatively inexpensive to implement and operate, as they require only a few
components.
• Flexibility: The robot can be programmed to perform a variety of tasks, such as moving
items from one location to another, sorting and organizing items, and collecting data on
the location and movement of objects.
Cons:
• Limited range: RFID technology has a limited range, so the robot may need to be in
close proximity to the objects it needs to identify and move.
• Interference: RFID signals can be disrupted by other electronic devices, so the robot
may have difficulty identifying objects in certain environments.
• Complexity: Implementing an RFID-based robot can be a complex process, requiring
knowledge of both robotics and RFID technology.

Second Phase of Robot Building:

Approach: Mobile application-based robot
Pros:
• Convenience: Controlling a robot through a mobile app can be more convenient than
using a separate remote control or computer. Users can control the robot from anywhere
within range of the robot's wireless connection.
• User-friendly interface: Mobile apps are often designed to be easy to use and
understand, which can make controlling the robot more accessible to users who may
not have experience with robotics.
• Advanced features: Mobile apps can provide access to advanced features and settings
that may not be available through other control methods.
• Remote monitoring: Some mobile apps may include features that allow users to monitor
the robot's sensors and view live video feeds, providing valuable feedback on the robot's
performance.
Cons:
• Dependence on a mobile device: Controlling a robot through a mobile app requires a
mobile device, which can be a limitation if the device is lost or not available.
• Connectivity issues: Depending on the wireless connection being used, the robot may
have limited range or experience connectivity issues in certain environments.
• Limited functionality: Mobile apps may not provide all the functionality of other
control methods, limiting the types of tasks that can be performed by the robot.
• Security concerns: Using a mobile app to control a robot may raise security concerns,
particularly if the robot is used in a sensitive or secure environment.
The third phase of robot building:
Approach: AI-Based identification of the exhibits
Pros:
• Increased engagement: An AI-based robot can provide a unique and engaging way for
visitors to interact with exhibits, keeping them interested and learning throughout the
visit.
• Personalization: An AI-based robot can use information about the visitor, such as their
age or interests, to provide personalized information and recommendations.
• Scalability: Robots can be easily replicated and deployed to multiple locations, making
it possible to provide consistent and engaging experiences to visitors in different
locations.
• Cost-effective: Compared to hiring human guides, an AI-based robot can be a cost-
effective solution, particularly in high-traffic areas.
Cons:
• Limited interaction: Although AI-based robots can use natural language processing to
interact with visitors, their responses are often limited and may not be able to provide
the same level of detail and nuance as a human guide.
• Technical issues: An AI-based robot relies on technology, and technical issues or
malfunctions can result in a negative experience for visitors.
• Lack of empathy: Unlike a human guide, an AI-based robot may lack the ability to
empathize with visitors and respond appropriately to their emotional reactions.
• Learning curve: Visitors may need to become familiar with the robot's interface and
instructions, which can create a learning curve that may reduce the visitor's engagement
and enjoyment.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 1 Circuit diagram for Line Following Robot

 CODE FOR LINE FOLLOWING ROBOT

#define in1 9
#define in2 8
#define in3 7
#define in4 6
#define enA 10
#define enB 5

int M1_Speed = 80; // speed of motor 1

int M2_Speed = 80; // speed of motor 2
int LeftRotationSpeed = 250; // Left Rotation Speed
int RightRotationSpeed = 250; // Right Rotation Speed

void setup() {

pinMode(in1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(in2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(in3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(in4,OUTPUT);

pinMode(enA,OUTPUT);
pinMode(enB,OUTPUT);

pinMode(A0, INPUT); // initialize Left sensor as an input

pinMode(A1, INPUT); // initialize Right sensor as an input

void loop() {

int LEFT_SENSOR = digitalRead(A0);

 int RIGHT_SENSOR = digitalRead(A1);

if(RIGHT_SENSOR==0 && LEFT_SENSOR==0) {

forward(); //FORWARD
}

else if(RIGHT_SENSOR==0 && LEFT_SENSOR==1) {

right(); //Move Right
}

else if(RIGHT_SENSOR==1 && LEFT_SENSOR==0) {

left(); //Move Left
}

else if(RIGHT_SENSOR==1 && LEFT_SENSOR==1) {

Stop(); //STOP
}
}

void forward()
{
digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in4, LOW);

analogWrite(enA, M1_Speed);
analogWrite(enB, M2_Speed);
}
void backward()
{
digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
 digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in3, LOW);
digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);

analogWrite(enA, M1_Speed);
analogWrite(enB, M2_Speed);
}

void right()
{
digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in4, LOW);

analogWrite(enA, LeftRotationSpeed);
analogWrite(enB, RightRotationSpeed);
}

void left()
{
digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
digitalWrite(in3, LOW);
digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);

analogWrite(enA, LeftRotationSpeed);
analogWrite(enB, RightRotationSpeed);
}

void Stop()
{
 digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
digitalWrite(in3, LOW);
digitalWrite(in4, LOW);
}
 SCOPE OF ISROGo

ISROGo, a robot that moves on four wheels and can explain the exhibits in an exhibition, has
many potential uses. Here are a few possible applications:
• Museum exhibits: ISROGo could be used in museums to provide visitors with an
interactive and informative experience. The robot could move around the exhibits and
provide explanations of the artifacts on display.
• Trade shows: ISROGo could be used in trade shows to showcase products and provide
information to potential customers. The robot could move around the booth and provide
demonstrations of the products on display.
• Educational exhibits: ISROGo could be used in educational exhibits to provide students
with a fun and interactive learning experience. The robot could move around the exhibit
and provide explanations of the concepts being taught.
• Corporate events: ISROGo could be used in corporate events to provide attendees with
a unique and engaging experience. The robot could move around the event space and
provide information about the company and its products.
• Science centers: ISROGo could be used in science centers to provide visitors with an
interactive and educational experience. The robot could move around the exhibits and
provide explanations of the scientific principles being demonstrated.
Overall, ISROGo has the potential to be a versatile and useful tool for a variety of applications.
Its ability to move around and provide informative explanations makes it a valuable addition
to exhibitions and events.
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, our proposed robotics project aims to provide a unique and innovative solution
that leverages cutting-edge technology to bring a new level of convenience and interactivity to
users. The robot is designed to be mobile, with speech communication and a user-interactive
approach that emulates virtual assistants like Google Assistant and Alexa. With the added
feature of screen eyes that can show eye emotions, the robot is designed to be both functional
and engaging. The technology we are referring to is "QR code scanning with speech recognition
and synthesis with AI features" which involves using a device equipped with a QR code reader
and speech recognition software to scan a QR code and convert the information contained
within into spoken words. These supplementary features further solidify the versatility and
utility of the robot. We believe that the proposed solution will bring significant benefits to users
and stakeholders, providing a more efficient, secure, and enjoyable experience. The detailed
budget and timeline indicate that the project is both feasible and achievable, and the
experienced team of professionals is well-equipped to bring this vision to life. We are confident
that this project will make a positive impact and we look forward to the opportunity to bring it
to fruition. Thank you for considering our proposal.