Iec 61724 1 2021

IEC 61724-1
®
Edition 2.0 2021-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Photovoltaic system performance –

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Part 1: Monitoring
(standards.iteh.ai)
Performances des systèmes photovoltaïques –
IEC 61724-1:2021
Partie 1: Surveillance
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/c9f32a26-b82a-4956-910c-
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
IEC 61724-1:2021-07(en-fr)
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IEC 61724-1
®
Edition 2.0 2021-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Photovoltaic system performance – iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Part 1: Monitoring
(standards.iteh.ai)
Performances des systèmes photovoltaïques IEC 61724-1:2021 –
Partie 1: Surveillance
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-1002-5
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
–2– IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... 6
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 8
1 Scope .......................................................................................................................... 10
2 Normative references................................................................................................... 10
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................. 11
4 Monitoring system classification ................................................................................... 15
5 General ....................................................................................................................... 16
5.1 Measurement precision and uncertainty ............................................................... 16
5.2 Calibration .......................................................................................................... 16
5.3 Repeated elements ............................................................................................. 16
5.4 Power consumption ............................................................................................. 16
5.5 Documentation .................................................................................................... 16
5.6 Inspection ........................................................................................................... 16
6 Data acquisition timing and reporting ........................................................................... 16
6.1 Samples, records, and reports ............................................................................. 16
6.2 Timestamps ........................................................................................................ 18
6.3 Parameter names ................................................................................................ 18
7 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Required measurements .............................................................................................. 18
8 (standards.iteh.ai)
Irradiance .................................................................................................................... 23
8.1 Sensor types ....................................................................................................... 23
8.2 General requirements ..........................................................................................
IEC 61724-1:2021 23
8.2.1 Overview ..................................................................................................... 23
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
8.2.2 Sensor requirements .................................................................................... 23
8.2.3 Sensor locations .......................................................................................... 24
8.2.4 Recalibration................................................................................................ 25
8.2.5 Soiling mitigation ......................................................................................... 25
8.2.6 Dew and frost mitigation ............................................................................... 25
8.2.7 Inspection and maintenance ......................................................................... 26
8.2.8 Sensor alignment ......................................................................................... 26
8.3 Measurements .................................................................................................... 26
8.3.1 Global horizontal irradiance .......................................................................... 26
8.3.2 In-plane irradiance ....................................................................................... 26
8.3.3 In-plane rear-side irradiance ......................................................................... 27
8.3.4 In-plane rear-side irradiance ratio ................................................................. 27
8.3.5 Horizontal albedo ......................................................................................... 27
8.3.6 Direct normal irradiance ............................................................................... 27
8.3.7 Diffuse horizontal irradiance ......................................................................... 27
8.3.8 Spectrally matched irradiance ...................................................................... 27
8.3.9 In-plane irradiance for concentrator systems ................................................. 28
8.3.10 Spectral irradiance for concentrator systems ................................................ 29
8.3.11 Circumsolar measurements for concentrator systems .................................... 29
8.3.12 Satellite remote sensing of irradiance ........................................................... 30
9 Environmental factors .................................................................................................. 31
9.1 PV module temperature ....................................................................................... 31
9.2 Ambient air temperature ...................................................................................... 31
IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021 –3–
9.3 Wind speed and direction .................................................................................... 32

9.4 Soiling ratio ......................................................................................................... 32
9.5 Rainfall ............................................................................................................... 33
9.6 Snow .................................................................................................................. 33
9.7 Humidity ............................................................................................................. 33
10 Tracker system ............................................................................................................ 33
10.1 Single-axis trackers ............................................................................................. 33
10.2 Dual-axis trackers ............................................................................................... 33
10.2.1 Monitoring .................................................................................................... 33
10.2.2 Pointing error sensor alignment .................................................................... 33
11 Electrical measurements .............................................................................................. 34
11.1 Inverter-level measurements ............................................................................... 34
11.2 Plant-level measurements ................................................................................... 34
12 Data processing and quality check ............................................................................... 35
12.1 Night ................................................................................................................... 35
12.2 Quality check ...................................................................................................... 35
12.2.1 Removing invalid readings ........................................................................... 35
12.2.2 Treatment of missing data ............................................................................ 35
13 Calculated parameters ................................................................................................. 36
13.1 Overview............................................................................................................. 36
13.2 Summations ........................................................................................................ 36
(standards.iteh.ai)
13.3 Irradiation ........................................................................................................... 36
13.4 Electrical energy ................................................................................................. 37
13.4.1 General .......................................................................................................
IEC 61724-1:2021 37
13.4.2 https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/c9f32a26-b82a-4956-910c-
DC output energy ......................................................................................... 37
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
13.4.3 AC output energy ......................................................................................... 37
13.5 Array power rating ............................................................................................... 37
13.5.1 DC power rating ........................................................................................... 37
13.5.2 AC power rating ........................................................................................... 38
13.6 Yields ................................................................................................................. 38
13.6.1 General ....................................................................................................... 38
13.6.2 PV array energy yield ................................................................................... 38
13.6.3 Final system yield ........................................................................................ 38
13.6.4 Reference yield ............................................................................................ 39
13.6.5 Bifacial reference yield ................................................................................. 39
13.7 Yield losses ........................................................................................................ 39
13.7.1 General ....................................................................................................... 39
13.7.2 Array capture loss ........................................................................................ 39
13.7.3 Balance of systems (BOS) loss..................................................................... 40
13.8 Efficiencies ......................................................................................................... 40
13.8.1 Array (DC) efficiency .................................................................................... 40
13.8.2 System (AC) efficiency ................................................................................. 40
13.8.3 BOS efficiency ............................................................................................. 40
14 Performance metrics .................................................................................................... 41
14.1 Overview............................................................................................................. 41
14.2 Summations ........................................................................................................ 41
14.3 Performance ratios .............................................................................................. 41
14.3.1 Performance ratio ........................................................................................ 41
–4– IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021
14.3.2 Temperature-corrected performance ratios ................................................... 42

14.3.3 Bifacial performance ratios ........................................................................... 44
14.4 Performance indices ............................................................................................ 44
15 Data filtering ................................................................................................................ 45
15.1 Use of available data ........................................................................................... 45
15.2 Filtering data to specific conditions ...................................................................... 45
15.3 Reduced inverter, grid, or load availability ........................................................... 45
Annex A (informative) Sampling interval ............................................................................. 46
A.1 General considerations ........................................................................................ 46
A.2 Time constants .................................................................................................... 46
A.3 Aliasing error ...................................................................................................... 46
A.4 Example.............................................................................................................. 47
Annex B (informative) Module temperature sensor selection and attachment ....................... 48
B.1 Objective ............................................................................................................ 48
B.2 Sensor and material selection .............................................................................. 48
B.2.1 Optimal sensor types ................................................................................... 48
B.2.2 Optimal tapes .............................................................................................. 48
B.2.3 Cyanoacrylate adhesives and backsheet integrity ......................................... 49
B.3 Sensor attachment .............................................................................................. 49
B.3.1 Permanent versus temporary ........................................................................ 49
B.3.2 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Attachment location ..................................................................................... 49
B.3.3 Bifacial modules ........................................................................................... 49
(standards.iteh.ai)
B.3.4 Method ........................................................................................................ 49
Annex C (normative) Soiling measurement using clean and soiled PV reference device
IEC 61724-1:2021
pair ...................................................................................................................................
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/c9f32a26-b82a-4956-910c- 52
C.1 Overview.............................................................................................................
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021 52
C.2 Equipment .......................................................................................................... 52
C.3 Normalization ...................................................................................................... 52
C.4 Measurement method 1 – max power reduction due to soiling .............................. 53
C.5 Measurement method 2 – short-circuit current reduction due to soiling ................. 53
C.6 Non-uniform soiling ............................................................................................. 53
C.7 Daily average value ............................................................................................. 54
C.8 Renormalization .................................................................................................. 54
Annex D (informative) Derate factors .................................................................................. 55
Annex E (normative) Systems with local loads, storage, or auxiliary sources ....................... 57
E.1 System types ...................................................................................................... 57
E.2 Parameters and formulas .................................................................................... 59
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 1 – Possible elements of PV systems ......................................................................... 8

Figure 2 – Samples, records and reports ............................................................................. 17
Figure B.1 – Sensor attachment, permanent ........................................................................ 50
Figure B.2 – Sensor attachment, temporary ......................................................................... 50
Figure B.3 – Sensor element wire strain relief ...................................................................... 51
Figure E.1 – Energy flow between possible elements of different PV system types ............... 57
Table 1 – Sampling and recording interval requirements ...................................................... 18

IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021 –5–
Table 2 – Measured parameters and requirements .............................................................. 20

Table 3 – Multiplier referenced in Table 2 ............................................................................ 23
Table 4 – Irradiance sensor requirements ............................................................................ 24
Table 5 – Inverter-level electrical measurement requirements .............................................. 34
Table 6 – Plant-level AC electrical output measurement requirements .................................. 34
Table 7 – Calculated parameters ......................................................................................... 36
Table 8 – Performance metrics ............................................................................................ 41
Table E.1 – Elements of different PV system types .............................................................. 58
Table E.2 – Parameters and formulas for different system types .......................................... 59

(standards.iteh.ai)
IEC 61724-1:2021
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
–6– IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM PERFORMANCE –
Part 1: Monitoring
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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61724-1:2021
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
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by independent certification bodies.
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61724-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar
photovoltaic energy systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2017. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
• Monitoring of bifacial systems is introduced.

• Irradiance sensor requirements are updated.
• Soiling measurement is updated based on new technology.
• Class C monitoring systems are eliminated.
• Various requirements, recommendations and explanatory notes are updated.
IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021 –7–
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting

82/1904/FDIS 82/1925/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61724 series, published under the general title Photovoltaic system
performance, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
• (standards.iteh.ai)
replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IEC 61724-1:2021
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
–8– IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021
INTRODUCTION
This document defines classes of photovoltaic (PV) performance monitoring systems and
serves as guidance for monitoring system choices.
Figure 1 illustrates major elements comprising different PV system types. The main clauses of
this document are written for grid-connected systems without local loads, energy storage, or
auxiliary sources, as shown by the bold lines in Figure 1. Annex E includes some details for
systems with additional components.
The PV array may include both fixed-axis and tracker systems and both flat-plate and
concentrator systems.

(standards.iteh.ai)
IEC 61724-1:2021
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
Key
RNE: renewable energy

PCE: power conditioning equipment
BDI: bi-directional inverter
GCI: grid-connected inverter
Bold lines denote simple grid-connected system without local loads, energy storage, or auxiliary sources.
Figure 1 – Possible elements of PV systems

IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021 –9–
The purposes of a performance monitoring system are diverse and could include comparing
performance to design expectations and guarantees as well as detecting and localizing faults.
For comparing performance to design expectations and guarantees, the focus should be on
system-level data and consistency between prediction and test methods.
For detecting and localizing faults there should be greater resolution at sub-levels of the system
and an emphasis on measurement repeatability and correlation metrics.
The monitoring system should be adapted to the PV system's size and user requirements. In
general, larger PV systems should have more monitoring points and higher accuracy sensors
than smaller and lower-cost PV systems.

(standards.iteh.ai)
IEC 61724-1:2021
4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
– 10 – IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM PERFORMANCE –
Part 1: Monitoring
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61724 outlines terminology, equipment, and methods for performance
monitoring and analysis of photovoltaic (PV) systems. It also serves as a basis for other
standards which rely upon the data collected.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-131, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 131: Circuit theory

IEC 60904-2, Photovoltaic devices – Part 2: Requirements for photovoltaic reference devices
(standards.iteh.ai)
IEC 60904-5, Photovoltaic devices – Part 5: Determination of the equivalent cell temperature
(ECT) of photovoltaic (PV) devices by the open-circuit voltage method
IEC 61724-1:2021
IEC 60904-7, Photovoltaic devices – Part 7: Computation of the spectral mismatch correction
for measurements of photovoltaic 4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
devices
IEC 61215 (all parts), Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type
approval
IEC 61557-12, Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V AC and
1 500 V DC – Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures – Part 12:
Power metering and monitoring devices (PMD)
IEC TS 61724-2, Photovoltaic system performance – Part 2: Capacity evaluation method
IEC TS 61724-3, Photovoltaic system performance – Part 3: Energy evaluation method
IEC TS 61836, Solar photovoltaic energy systems – Terms, definitions and symbols
IEC 62053-22, Electricity metering equipment – Particular requirements – Part 22: Static meters
for AC active energy (classes 0,1S, 0,2S and 0,5S)
IEC 62670-3, Photovoltaic concentrators (CPV) – Performance testing – Part 3: Performance

measurements and power rating
IEC 62817:2014, Photovoltaic systems – Design qualification of solar trackers
ISO/IEC Guide 98-1, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 1: Introduction to the expression of

uncertainty in measurement
IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021 – 11 –
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of

uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
ISO 9060:2018, Solar energy – Specification and classification of instruments for measuring
hemispherical solar and direct solar radiation
ISO 9488, Solar energy – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-131,
IEC TS 61836, ISO 9488, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
sample
data acquired from a sensor or measuring device
3.2 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

sampling interval
time between samples (standards.iteh.ai)
3.3 IEC 61724-1:2021
record https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/c9f32a26-b82a-4956-910c-
data recorded and stored 4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
3.4
recording interval
τ
time between records
3.5
report
aggregate value based on series of records
3.6
reporting period
time between reports
3.7
front side
side of a surface which normally faces the sky
3.8
rear side
side of a surface which normally faces the ground
3.9
monofacial PV device
PV device in which only the front side is used for power generation
– 12 – IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021
3.10
bifacial PV device
PV device in which both front side and rear side are used for power generation
3.11
bifaciality coefficient
𝛗𝛗
ratio between an I-V characteristic of the rear side and the front side of a bifacial device,
typically at Standard Test Conditions (STC), unless otherwise specified
Note 1 to entry: Bifaciality coefficients include the short-circuit current bifaciality coefficient 𝜑𝜑 Isc , the open-circuit
voltage bifaciality coefficient 𝜑𝜑 Voc and the maximum power bifaciality coefficient 𝜑𝜑 Pmax .
Note 2 to entry: Bifaciality coefficients are defined in IEC TS 60904-1-2.
3.12
irradiance
G
incident flux of radiant power per unit area
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in units of W·m −2 .
3.13
in-plane irradiance
Gi or POA iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
sum of direct, diffuse, and ground-reflected irradiance incident upon the front side of an inclined
surface parallel to the plane of the modules in the PV array, also known as plane-of-array (POA)
(standards.iteh.ai)
irradiance
IEC 61724-1:2021
3.14 4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
horizontal albedo
𝜌𝜌𝐻𝐻
proportion of incident light reflected by a ground surface as measured in a horizontal plane
Note 1 to entry: It is a property of a ground surface and is a dimensionless quantity on a scale from 0 to 1.
3.15
in-plane rear-side irradiance ratio
𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖
ratio of the irradiance incident on the rear side of the modules in the PV array to the irradiance
incident on the front side
Note 1 to entry: It is a dimensionless quantity but can exceed a value of 1 since, in addition to reflected light, diffuse
and direct components of the solar resource may also be measured on the rear-side of the plane of array.
3.16
spectrally matched in-plane rear-side irradiance ratio
𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
in-plane rear-side irradiance ratio per 3.15 when both irradiance quantities are measured with
a spectrally matched reference device or with the application of spectral correction factors per
IEC 60904-7
3.17
spectrally matched reference device
reference device such as a PV cell or module with spectral response characteristics sufficiently
close to those of the PV modules in the PV array such that spectral mismatch errors are small
under the typical range of incident spectra
IEC 61724-1:2021 © IEC 2021 – 13 –
3.18
in-plane rear-side irradiance
Girear or POArear
sum of direct, diffuse, and ground-reflected irradiance incident on the rear side of the modules
in the PV array, also known as rear-side plane-of-array irradiance
Note 2 to entry: (If measured via in-plane rear-side irradiance ratio): 𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖 × 𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖 or 𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖,𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
= 𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 × 𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖 .
3.19
bifacial reference device
bifacial PV device, such as a cell or module, having substantially the same properties, with
respect to response to front-side and rear-side irradiance, as bifacial modules to be monitored
3.20
bifacial irradiance factor
BIF
dimensionless factor that can be directly multiplied by the front-side in-plane irradiance ( Gi ) to
calculate the “effective” irradiance reaching a bifacial device from both the front and rear side
collectively
Note 1 to entry: 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = (1 + 𝜑𝜑𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 × 𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖 ) or 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = (1 + 𝜑𝜑𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 × 𝜌𝜌𝑖𝑖𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 ). See 3.11, 3.15, 3.16.
Note 2 to entry: Rear-side POA irradiance can be measured simultaneously with front-side POA irradiance using a
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
bifacial reference device. In that case, 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖 ÷ 𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖 . For consistency, the front-side POA irradiance
should be measured with the same or similar type of device as the bifacial reference device.
Note 3 to entry:
(standards.iteh.ai)
”Effective” irradiance may include the effect of inhomogeneities in rear-side irradiance.
3.21 IEC 61724-1:2021

global horizontal irradiance
GHI 4ede09fc6222/iec-61724-1-2021
direct plus diffuse irradiance incident on the front side of a horizontal surface
Note 2 to entry: 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ∙ cos 𝑍𝑍 + 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 where Z is the solar zenith angle.
3.22
circumsolar
immediately surrounding the solar disk
3.23
direct normal irradiance
DNI
irradiance emanating from the solar disk and from the circumsolar region of the sky within a
subtended full angle of 5° falling on a plane surface normal to the sun’s rays
Note 2 to entry: 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 ∙ cos 𝑍𝑍 + 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 where Z is the solar zenith angle.

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IEC 61724-1

Photovoltaic system performance –

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Photovoltaic system performance – iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-1002-5

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

9.3 Wind speed and direction .................................................................................... 32

14.3.2 Temperature-corrected performance ratios ................................................... 42

Figure 1 – Possible elements of PV systems ......................................................................... 8

Table 1 – Sampling and recording interval requirements ...................................................... 18

Table 2 – Measured parameters and requirements .............................................................. 20

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM PERFORMANCE –

• Monitoring of bifacial systems is introduced.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

RNE: renewable energy

Figure 1 – Possible elements of PV systems

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM PERFORMANCE –

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

IEC TS 61724-2, Photovoltaic system performance – Part 2: Capacity evaluation method

IEC TS 61724-3, Photovoltaic system performance – Part 3: Energy evaluation method

IEC 62670-3, Photovoltaic concentrators (CPV) – Performance testing – Part 3: Performance

IEC 62817:2014, Photovoltaic systems – Design qualification of solar trackers

ISO/IEC Guide 98-1, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 1: Introduction to the expression of

ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of

ISO 9488, Solar energy – Vocabulary

3 Terms and definitions

• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

3.2 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Note 2 to entry: Bifaciality coefficients are defined in IEC TS 60904-1-2.

Note 1 to entry: Expressed in units of W·m −2 .

Note 1 to entry: Expressed in units of W·m −2 .

3.21 IEC 61724-1:2021

Note 1 to entry: Expressed in units of W·m −2 .

Note 1 to entry: Expressed in units of W·m −2 .

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