Antennas

Antenna Preparation Questions
N.B. there are two links at the end of this question paper that might help you in
some questions in this preparation paper.
Question 1
1.1 Explain the following terms with respect to antennas:
1.1.1 Radiation resistance (1)
1.1.2 Beamwidth (1)
1.1.3 Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (1)
1.1.4 Isotropic radiator (1)
1.1.5 Polarization (1)
1.1.6 Broadside array (3)
1.1.7 dBi (1)
1.1.8 dBd (1)
1.1.9 Radiation field (1)
1.1.10 Induction field (1)
1.2 An isotropic antenna radiates energy equally in all directions. The total power
delivered to the radiator is 100 kW. Calculate the power density and electric
field intensity at distances:
1.2.1 100 m (2)
1.2.2 1 km (2)
1.2.3 1000 km (2)
1.3 Plot the power density against distance of question 1.2 above. (3)
1.4 An antenna has a gain of 14 dB. It is fed by an RG-8/U transmission line 250
meter long with attenuation of 3.6 dB/100m at 220 MHz. The transmitter
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
output is 50 W. Calculate: Hint; 𝑃 = and 𝑑𝐵 = 10 log 𝑃
𝑃𝑖𝑛
1.4.1 The transmission line loss. (4)

1.4.2 Output power
1.4.3. The effective radiated power. (3)
1.5 What is the most common value of input/output impedance for modern
transmitters and receivers? (1)
1.6 Why is impedance matching necessary in some antenna installations? (1)
1.7 What is the name of a type of transformer used for impedance matching in
antenna installations? (1)
1
1.8 Will a vertically polarized radio wave be received by a horizontally polarized

antenna? (1)
1.9 Name the three paths that a radio signal can take through space. (3)
1.10 What technique is used to increase transmission distance beyond the line-of-
sight at VHF and above? (1)
1.11. Draw the structures of the following antenna arrays and give one practical
example of each:
1.11.1 Folded dipole. (2)
1.11.2 4 element Yagi-Uda (2)
1.11.3 Parabolic antennas with:
(a) a conventional feed. (2)
(b) a Cassegrain feed. (2)
1.11.4 Balanced Microstrip loop antenna (2)
1.12 Microwave antennas tend to be highly directive and provide high gain. Discuss
the reasons for this. (4)
1.13 A microwave dish with a 3-meter mouth diameter is used at 10 GHz. A parabolic
reflector antenna has a diameter of 1.524 meters. Calculate: Hint;
𝐷
𝐺 = 2. 𝐷𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ . (  )2
1.14.1 The lowest possible operating frequency (2)

1.14.2 The gain at 15 GHZ in dB (5)
1.14.3 The beam width at 15 GHZ. (The lowest operating frequency occurs
where the dish diameter is λ). (2)
1.14 An 83.82-meter-high transmitting antenna has a gain of 12 dB over a dipole.
The receiving antenna, which is 18.288 meter high, has a gain of 3 dB. The
transmitter power is 100 W at 224 MHZ. Calculate:
1.15.1 The maximum transmitting distance (2)
1.15.2 The received power at the distance calculated in 1.15.1 above. (There is
1.6 km/mi) (6)
1.15 The far-field region of an antenna begins when the distance
D
(a) Rff = 1.6 λ :  0.32
λ
D
(b) Rff = 5D : 0.32   2.5
λ
2
2D
(c) Rff = :  2.5 λ
λ
2
Rff = far-field distance from the antenna [meters]

D = dimension of the antenna [meters]
λ = wavelength of the transmitted signal [meter/cycle]
Determine the distance from a parabolic reflector with diameter (D) = 4.5 m to
the boundary of the far-field region if the parabolic reflector is used for Ku-band
transmission of a 12 GHz signal. (5)
1.16 How should a transmitting antenna be designed if a vertically polarized wave

is to be radiated? (2)
1.17 How should the receiving antenna be designed for the best performance in
receiving the ground wave from the transmitting antenna? (2)
1.18 If a field intensity of 25 mV/m develops 2.7 V in a certain antenna, calculate its
effective height? (2)
1.19 If the power of a 500-kHz transmitter is increased from 150 W to 300 W,
calculate the percentage change in field intensity at a given distance from the
transmitter. What would be the decibel change in field intensity? (3)
1.20 Calculate the EIRP from a Yagi-Uda antenna illustrated in Figure 1 driven
with 500 W. Express your answer in dBW. (4)
Figure 1
1.21 Calculate the effective radiated power of a television broadcast station if the
output of the transmitter is 1000 W, antenna transmission line loss is 50 W,
and the antenna power gain is 3? (2)
1.22 A λ - dipole is driven with a 5 W signal at 225 MHz. A receiving dipole 100
2
km away is aligned so that its gain is cut in half. Calculate:
1.22.1 The received power (3)
1.22.2 The voltage into a 73 Ω receiver. (1)
3
1.22.3 Conclude on antennas received signal. (1)

1.23 An antenna with a gain of 4.7 dBi is being compared with one having a gain of
2.6 dBd. Which has the greater gain? (2)
1.24 Antenna measurements are done in far field region. Give reasons. (2)
1.25 How should a transmitting antenna be designed to radiate a vertically polarised
wave. (1)
1.26 Calculate the efficiency of the dipole with dipole with the radiation resistance
of 68 Ω and total feedback resistance of 75 Ω (2)
1.27 What technique is used to increase transmission distance beyond the line of
sight at VHF and above? (1)
1.28 With consideration to the directivity, what makes difference between collinear
array and broad side array. (2)
1.29 Why it is not acceptable to use the monopole antenna that has less than quarter
wave length? (2)
1.30 Briefly explain loading coil as a remedy in highly reactive load of the antenna.
(4)
1.31 What is the advantage and disadvantage of connecting resonant transmission
line to an antenna? (2)
Antenna Field Calculations | RFID Interrogation Zone Basics | Pearson IT Certification
Parabolic Reflector Antenna Gain: Formula Calculation » Electronics Notes

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Antenna Preparation Questions

1.4.1 The transmission line loss. (4)

1.8 Will a vertically polarized radio wave be received by a horizontally polarized

1.14.1 The lowest possible operating frequency (2)

Rff = far-field distance from the antenna [meters]

1.16 How should a transmitting antenna be designed if a vertically polarized wave

1.22.3 Conclude on antennas received signal. (1)

Antenna Field Calculations | RFID Interrogation Zone Basics | Pearson IT Certification

Parabolic Reflector Antenna Gain: Formula Calculation » Electronics Notes

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