FQ Mechanics
FQ Mechanics
FQ Mechanics
Bird
The northern gannet is the largest seabird in the
North Sea region. See figure 4a to the right.
Competition
It would be possible for runner Dafne Schippers to challenge speed skater Ireen Wüst to a 100-
metre race: Schippers on the track, Wüst on the ice. Two completely different ways of gaining
speed with roughly the same finishing time. See figures 4b and 4c below.
figure 4b figure 4c
The times they need for 100 m are close to each other. Schipper’s record stands at 10.81 s and
Wüst’s fastest split time at 100 m is 10.87 s.
figure 4d
3p 3 Using the figure on the worksheet, determine the acceleration of runner Schippers at the
start that follows from the figure.
figure 2a
figure 3a
The rotation point of the lever is indicate in the figure by S. Point Z is the centre of gravity of the
lever. The mass of the lever is 880 kg. A load of 420 kg hangs from cable 1. Cable 2 keeps the
whole thing in balance. Other cables attached to the crane are disregarded. Figure 3a is shown
enlarged on the worksheet.
5p 5 Using the figure on the worksheet, determine the tension force in cable 2.
To do this, draw the arms of the forces.
The lever is rotated upwards about point S and thus moves to a steeper position. See figure 3b
below.
figure 3b
The load hanging on the lever is unchanged. The angle between cable 2 and the lever does not
change either.
3p 6 Argue whether the tension force in cable 2 has increased, has decreased or remained the
same.
The 420 kg load is suspended on two cables, as shown schematically in the figure on the
worksheet.
3p 7 In the figure on the worksheet, determine by construction the magnitude of the tension
forces in the two cables.
figure 4a
3p 8 Using the figure, explain which case will be used in practice to prevent the cable from
breaking.
Forklift
A forklift lays concrete slabs for a schoolyard. Figure 2b below is a picture of the forklift and
figure 2c is a schematic drawing
figure 2b figure 2c
To pick up and move the concrete slabs, this forklift truck uses a special suction device attached
to the gripper arm.
The underside of this device consists of a large suction cup with a rubber rim. By sucking out air
under this suction cup, the slabs can be lifted and transported.
The suction device is able to lift up to 5,000 kg.
The suction cup is shaped like a rectangle with side of 60 cm and 85 cm.
The atmospheric air pressure is 1013 hPa.
4p 9 Calculate the greatest possible pressure under the suction cup in order to lift objects
weighing 5,000 kg.
.
figure 5d
figure 5e
4p 10 Explain:
- whether the starting value of 𝑘 should be chosen larger or smaller to ensure that
the graphs do match correctly.
- whether the starting value of 𝐹roll should be chosen larger or smaller to ensure
that the graphs do math correctly.
The model can be extended to also calculate the coasting distance. This is the distance the car
travels from moment the coasting starts until it stops.
David claims that the front carriage of the train passes the highest point D with a greater speed
than the middle carriage (see figure 6a).
Wouter claims that the rear carriage of the train passes the highest point D with a greater speed
than the middle carriage.
figure 6b
4p 15 Using figures 3a and 3b, determine the average frictional force experienced by the train on
trajectory BCDEB.
In the context of galaxies and other systems where the gravitational force plays a role, the
following form of the virial theorem is used:
𝐸g = −2𝐸 k (1)
in which 𝐸g is the gravitational potential energy and 𝐸k the kinetic energy.
The international space station ISS has a mass of 4.19·105 kg and orbits the Earth at an altitude
of 409 km.
4p 16 Using the virial theorem (formula (1)), calculate the speed of the ISS.
3p 17 Derive the virial theorem (formula (1)) for a satellite with mass 𝑚 orbiting a celestial body
with mass 𝑀 in a circular orbit.
end ■
WORKSHEET 1 / 2
3
WORKSHEET 2 / 2
7
Wedstrijdje (ontleend aan examen vwo natuurkunde 2019 Dafne Schippers tegen Ireen Wüst)
• inzicht dat de lengte van de vector van 𝐹z overeenkomt met 4,12 ⋅103 N 1
• ontbinden van de zwaartekrachtsvector in de richting van de kabels 1
• completeren van de bepaling 1
of
Voor de zwaartekracht geldt: Fz = 420 ⋅ 9,81 = 4,12 ⋅10 N.
De zwaartekrachtsvector kan verplaatst worden naar het knooppunt van de
kabels. Deze vector kan ontbonden worden in de richting van beide kabels.
0,5𝐹z
Voor de spankracht in een kabel geldt: 𝐹s = .
cos(𝛼)
Opmeten uit de figure levert: 𝛼 = 29°.
0,5⋅4,12⋅103
Invullen levert: 𝐹s = = 2,4 ⋅ 103 N
cos(29)
• inzicht dat de lengte van de vector van 𝐹z overeenkomt met 4,12 ⋅103 N 1
0,5𝐹z
• inzicht dat 𝐹s = 1
cos(𝛼)
• completeren van de bepaling 1